• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2003

본 연구는 한우 복제수정란의 이식에 의해 고능력 복제한우를 생산할 수 있는 효율과 산자의 성장능력을 검정하기 위해 수행되었다. 고능력 한우의 귀세포를 이용하여 체세포복제수정란을 생산하였고 그 신선수정란을 대리모에 이식한 결과는 다음과 같다. 2000년 (n=35)과 2001년 (n=121)에 이식한 복제소의 분만율은 각각 5.71%, 8.26%로 나타났다. 복제송아지의 임신기간은 평균 287일 (279~295일)이었으며 같은 기간내 인공수정 우군의 평균 임신기간인 287일 (255~293)과 동일하였다. 복제송아지의 분만시 사산율은 6.67%였으며, 인공수정시의 94.44%와 비슷하였다. 그러나 분만후 복제송아지의 생존율은 36.67%로서 인공수정의 100% 보다 매우 낮았다. 그리고 태어난 후 200일 이상 생존한 송아지의 생시 평균체중은 28.25kg (AI 23.67kg)이었고, 복제송아지의 경우 생시체중이 표준체중보다 적거나 (<20kg) 또는 거대체중 (>35kg)의 경우는 분만후 대부분 사망하였다. 상기 결과에 의해 현재의 복제기술에 의한 한우 생산효율은 아주 낮고 분만 후 거대체중등 비정상인 경우가 많아 생존율이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이에 대한 원인구명에 관한 기초연구의 확대가 요망된다.

• 한우개량
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• v.6 no.5 s.23
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• pp.22-27
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• 2001

한우의 번식에 있어서 번식효율을 증진하기 위해서는 정확한 수정적기의 선택과 수정 후 가능하면 조기에 임신감정을 실시하여 공태기간을 최소로 단축시켜 번식우의 효율을 증진하고 송아지 생산비를 줄여야 할 것이다. 임신감정은 일반적으로 인공수정사나 수의사가 직장검사를 통해 태아를 확인하는 방법이 있으나, 이 방법은 수정 후 50-60일 이후부터 가능하며 숙련자에 따라 진단율이 다르며 암소에게 스트레스를 주고 태아나 난소에 손상을 주거나 심하면 태아의 조기폐사 등의 부작용이 있으며 진단율도 2-3만원 정도 소요된다. 최근 임신진단을 현장에서 간단히 조기에 진단할 수 있는 새로운 방법이 개발되어 있어 소개하기로 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.36-38
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• 1998

생쥐 자궁의 조직세포는 생식주기와 초기 임신시기동안 $\beta$ -galactosidase mRNA를 지속적으로 발현하며, 이로부터 합성 및 분비되는 $\beta$ -galactosidase 단백질의 발현과 활성은 자궁의 조직추출액에서는 생식주기 중 proestrus시기에, 자궁내액에서는 diestrus시기에 가장 높게 나타났고 임신 1일째부터 4일째의 기간동안에는 임신이 진행될수록 점점 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 $\beta$ -galactosidase는 생쥐의 생식 활동 즉, 생식 주기동안의 자궁 조직세포의 분화와 임신 초기 배아의 자궁 내막에의 착상에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate alterations of pregnant gait by means of 3 different treads of stairs. 9 subjects(body masses; $59.41{\pm}7.49$, $64.03{\pm}6.65$, $67.26{\pm}7.58$, heights; $160.50{\pm}6.35$ ages; $31.22{\pm}2.99$; parity; $1.67{\pm}0.71$) participated in three experiments that were divided by physiological symptoms(the early(0-15 weeks), middle(16-27 weeks) and last(18-39 weeks), and walked at self-selected pace on 4 staircases 3 trials. As extending the pregnancy period, cadence was shorter but cycle time was longer more and more and the difference of maximum and minmum moments between right and left knee joint moment was smaller. With the treads of stair decent lengthening, speed and stride lengths were increased. As extending the treads of stair decent, joint moments of both feet were particular traits, hip joint was asymmetric but joint moments of knee and ankle were symmetric. These findings may account for relation between the treads of stair and moments and suggest that women may adapt their gait to maximize stability and to control gait motion for themselves in pregnant women.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.744-757
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• 1988

이상에서 경제가축에 이용되고 있는 임신진단법을 소개하고 지금까지 보고된 임신진단에 관한 연구 결과를 고찰하였다. 현재 경제가축의 조기임신진단을 위한 진단법으로서는 양에 있어서는 직장촉진법, 호르몬측정법, 복강경법 및 초음파진단법 등 돼지에 있어서는 직장검사법, 호르몬측정법 및 초음파진단법 등, 소에 있어서는 직장검사법, 호르몬측정법 등, 말에 있어서는 호르몬측정법과 초음파진단법 등이 이용되고 있다. 이상적인 임신진단법의 요건은 임신진단이 조기에 가능해야하며 진단방법이 용이해야 할 뿐만 아니라 약품 및 기계조작이 간편해야하고 진단에 있어 전문지식이 요구되지 않아야 하며, 모체 및 태아에 악영향이 없으며 진단경비가 저렴해야하고 적중률이 높아야 한다. 앞으로 보다 정확하고 간편한 조기임신진단 기술의 개발과 보급화로 가축의 분만간격의 단축, 번식장해의 예방과 공태기간의 단축은 물론 가축의 증식과 번식능력의 향상을 가져올 수 있을것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.958-964
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of maternal calcium intake levels on mineral metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. Five week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal Ca (NCa, 0.5%) and low Ca (LCa, 0.15%) diets for 5 weeks during preconception. The low Ca intake group was divided into three groups and fed low Ca (0.15%), normal Ca (0.5%) and high Ca (1.5%) diets for 6 weeks during pregnancy and lactation. All of the rats were mated with normal male rats. The control group was consistently fed a normal Ca diet for 11 weeks. Pups were adjusted to 10 per dam. After weaning, dams and their weaned rats were sacrificed. We measured total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and mineral content in serum and weight, length, breaking force, ash and mineral content in bone and kidney. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among the groups. Serum total protein and albumin were in the normal range but slightly decreased with a low Ca diet during preconception. Calcium supplementation above normal level increased bone weight, Ca content and breaking force in femur of maternal and their weaned rats. However, high maternal Ca intake significantly decreased Mg and Fe contents in maternal serum and bone and Mg and Zn contents in serum of weaned rats. Also, it induced Ca, P and Mg deposit in maternal kidney. Our experimental results suggest that Ca deficiency during preconception may deteriorate bone status of mother and their offsprings. Moreover, high Ca supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may lead to disturb mineral metabolism in bone and other tissues.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of recipient's breed on the gestation length and birth weight of Hanwoo calves produced by Hanwoo ovum pick up (OPU) derived embryos. Embryos of OPU derived Hanwoo cows were transferred into the Hanwoo and Holstein recipients at 6~7 days of estrus cycle. Gestation length was expressed in days from the day of embryo transfer to the birth day of offspring, and birth weight of offspring was recorded within 24 h of birth. Breed of recipient cows (Hanwoo and Holstein) has no effect on overall gestation length ($280.9{\pm}6.2$ vs. $284.4{\pm}9.8$ days) and birth weight of calves ($23.56{\pm}3.75$ vs. $27.70{\pm}7.92\;kg$). The gestation length was higher (p<0.05) for male calves than female calves in both Hanwoo ($283.8{\pm}6.7$ vs. $277.3{\pm}3.3$ days) and Holstein ($287.3{\pm}8.9$ vs. $280.1{\pm}9.1$ days) recipient cows. Birth weight of Hanwoo calves did not differ when Hanwoo recipients ($26.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $23.3{\pm}1.2\;kg$) were used for embryo transfer. However, male calves were heavier (p<0.05) at birth than that of female calves when embryos were transferred into the Holstein cow ($33.5{\pm}4.9$ vs. $27.8{\pm}4.9\;kg$). In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that breed of recipient cows have no effect on gestation length and birth weight of OPU derived Hanwoo calves. However, gestation length and birth weight of male calves were higher in both Hanwoo and Holstein recipient cows.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2010

The placenta, which is a temporary organ derived from the fetus during pregnancy, is critical to support fetus development via optimal regulation between mother and fetus. Trophoblast as a major cell population of the placenta is one of the earliest to differentiate and shows an extensive proliferation or/and differentiation up to the formation of the placenta. The role of the trophoblast show dynamic changes from early embryo implantation to placentation during pregnancy. Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium of the maternal uterus is mediated by invasion of the differentiated trophoblast (e.g. syncytiotrophoblast) from the trophectoderm. During pregnancy, the unique role of the trophoblast is to invasion, eroding, and metastasizing in the placenta as well as to ensure appropriate bidirectional nutrient or waste flow required for growth and maturation of the embryo. The dysfunction of the trophoblast during pregnancy can result in several gynecological diseases including preeclampsia and congenital malformation in neonatal medicine. Therefore, trophoblasts act as a conclusive factor in placental and fetal development. This brief review outlines the classification of trophoblast and its function in the placenta during pregnancy. Also, we introduce the latest research in trophoblast for implantation and the placenta development, and the application potential of trophoblast for infertility and obstetrical diseases.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.47-76
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• 1996

This study was carried out to provide the basic information for the implementation of population quality policies by analyzing fetal life. The outcomes and process of all the pregnancies of women with spouses living in Gapyung-gun, Kyunggi province from November 3, 1993 through December 31, 1995 were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: According to the fetal life table, the estimated probability of pregnancy outcome showed 53.5% of live birth, 14.5% of fetal death, 32.0% of induced abortion, which resulted in 46.5% of pregnancy wastage throughout gestation period. The curve of the estimated probability of pregnancy outcome by gestation weeks showed L shape in case of total pregnancy rate, induced abortion rate and fetal death rate. The estimated probability of fetal death was 21.9% in case that the induced abortion was excluded, which was 7.4% higher than the case that induced abortion was included. The expected duration of pregnancy was 22.9 weeks until the fourth week of gestation and then started to become the highest, 26.6 weeks at the tenth week. At the 11th week, it declined to decrease to 26.4 weeks. This is attributed to the fact that the pregnancy wastage including fetal death and induced abortion occurred in the early period of pregnancy. The establishment of appropriate policies to cope with this situation are needed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.303-313
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• 1982

The study was conducted to find out the concentrations of sex hormones and the contents of metabolites in serum, and the changes of weights and tissues on ovary, thyroid gland and adrenal gland according to gestation period in rabbit. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The ovary weights were increased significantly with the time e lapse after gestation and recovered normally at 5 days after parturition. In the histological changes of ovary, the lutein cells were hypertrophied and the secretory granules were increased actively until 3 weeks after gestation, and then a trophied thereafter. 2. The thyroid gland weights at all observation times were higher than those in control group, and the significance was recognized at 1, 3 and 4 weeks after gestation. The histological features of the secretory epithelium were the hyper trophic and columnar condition stimulating the functional state from 1 week after gestation. 3. The adrenal gland weights in experimental group were recognized significantly at 4 weeks after gestation, but showed higher than those in control group at all observation times. The zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the gland showed the slight hypertrophic condition, but the zona glomeerulosa and adrenal medulla did not find out any particular changes. 4. The serum concentrations of progesterone and LH reached a peak level at 2 weeks and 1 week after geestation respectively, and rapidly began to decline thereafter. 5. The serum concentrations of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and FSH were not detected below 20.0 pg/ml and 1.3 mIU/ml respectively. 6. The contents of total protein and non-protein nitrogen nitrogen were decreased gradually with the time elapse after gestation, but the significant differences were recognized from 3 weeks. 7. The total lipids were not changed markedly until 3 weeks, but increased significantly at 4 weeks after gestation and at 5 days after parturition. 8. The serum cholesterol tended to be decreased until 3 weeks, but increased at 4 weeks after gestation and at 5 days after parturition. 9. The serum calcium showed a continuous decrease during the gestation period, but the significant differences were recognized at 3 and 4 weeks. The serum phosphorus also had a significant decrease at 4 weeks after gestation.