• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

As financial deregulation policies implemented by the government, electronic financial service is improved but security concerns are increasing and ultimately weaken trust in the financial service. Electronic financial service becomes more and more dependant on the IT platform and the initiatives of access device is also gradually shift to that platform. As biometric sensor is mounted on the smartphone, structural change in the access device is coming. It must be a positive signs in terms of fintech development, in the other side, it can cause many problems such as weakness of regulation and ambiguity of principals of responsibility. So in this paper, by analysing this problem-the shift of service initiative-on the access device I'll propose the best way to the the legal amendments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.394-400
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• 2016

This study reviewed critically the music regulations of broadcasting advertising and analyzed the post reviews of Korea Communications Standards Commission(KCSC) to find their problems and suggest alternatives for their improvements. As general core regulations, lyrics changes of children's song is banned except in non-commercial public advertising and lyrics changes to folk songs are permitted unless it includes the product related expressions, such as brand name; both of their arrangements are permitted. According to the items, the lyrics of the CM song of drug advertising should not include its brand name; alcoholic beverage advertising is banned if the lyrics of the CM song include product-related brand name or an expression encouraging drinking. The rationales of these regulations of restrictions or prohibitions of music in broadcasting advertising are unclear and are insufficient. Therefore, it will be necessary to improve them based on the evidence or knowledge by more valid research in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2022

Most of the preceding studies related to Internet Primary banks are studies on laws, regulations, and expected effects of introduction, and studies on financial consumers' intention to switch to financial services are insufficient. Apply to the PPM(Push-Pull-Mooring)theory to find out the factors that influence financial consumers' intention to switch services from commercial banks to Internet Primary banks. A survey was conducted service users, 1st-order and 2nd-order factor analysis were performed using Smart PLS 3.0. As a result, it was confirmed that the Pull, Push and Mooring had a positive (+) effect on the Intention to Switch, and the Mooring, which is a moderating variable, did not have a moderating effect on the Intention to Switch of the Push and the Pull. The scope of application of the PPM theory, which was used in the service conversion research, was extended to Fintech services, and it can provide various practical useful implications, such as the strategy and spread of Internet Primary banks, and it will be used in various studies to study consumer attitudes.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.20-45
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• 2018

This study aims to find the factors of Internet overdependence in adults, through the decision tree analysis model, which is a data mining method using National Information Society Agency's raw data from the survey on Internet overdependence in 2016. As a result of the decision tree analysis, a total 16 nodes of Internet overdependence risk groups were identified. The main predicated variables were the amount of time spent per smart media usage in weekdays; amount of time spent per smart media usage in weekends; experiences of purchasing cash items; percentage of using smart media for leisure; negative personality; percentage of using smart media for information search and utilization; and awareness on good functions of the Internet, all of which in order had greater impact on the risk groups. Users in the highest risk node spent the smart media for more than 5 minutes per use and less than 5~10 minutes in weekdays, had experiences of cash item purchase, and had lower level of awareness on the good functions of the Internet. The analysis led to the following recommendations: First, even a short-time use has higher chances of causing Internet overdependence, and therefore, guidelines need to be developed based on research on the usage behavior rather than the usage time. Second, self-regulation is required because factors that affect overindulgence in games, such as the cash items, increase Internet overdependence. Third, using the Internet for leisure causes higher risk of overdependence and therefore, other means of leisure should be recommended.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

As drone industry increase with the advent of the 4th industrial revolution, yet ensured the safety of a drone crashing and incurring accidents which may result in significant damage to human life and assets. Thus, the authentication of drone safety is very urgent. For this reason, many countries are in need of institutional improvement in the aspect of authentication/legal systems by considering the importance of safety for drone. In this study, the regulations, research, and standards concerning drone safety are compared and analyzed. The analysis results can be used for improving the regulations of drone safety and standardization. The study can be contributed to invigorate drone industry by ensuring drone safety.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2024

Data imbalance is a common issue encountered in classification problems, stemming from a significant disparity in the number of samples between classes within the dataset. Such data imbalance typically leads to problems in classification models, including overfitting, underfitting, and misinterpretation of performance metrics. Methods to address this issue include resampling, augmentation, regularization techniques, and adjustment of loss functions. In this paper, we focus on loss function adjustment, particularly comparing the performance of various configurations of loss functions (Cross Entropy, Balanced Cross Entropy, two settings of Focal Loss: 𝛼 = 1 and 𝛼 = Balanced, Asymmetric Loss) on Multi-Class black-box video data with imbalance issues. The comparison is conducted using the I3D, and R3D_18 models.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.387-402
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• 2020

Conventional automotive development has mainly focused on ensuring correctness and safety and security has been relatively neglected. However, as the number of automotive hacking cases has increased due to the increased Internet connectivity of automobiles, international organizations such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE) are preparing cybersecurity regulations to ensure security for automotive development. As with other IT products, automotive cybersecurity regulation also emphasize the concept of "Security by Design", which considers security from the beginning of development. In particular, since automotive development has a long lifecycle and complex supply chain, it is very difficult to change the architecture after development, and thus Security by Design is much more important than existing IT products. The problem, however, is that no specific methodology for Security by Design has been proposed on automotive development process. This paper, therefore, proposes a specific methodology for Security by Design on Automotive development. Through this methodology, automotive manufacturers can simultaneously consider aspects of functional safety, and security in automotive development process, and will also be able to respond to the upcoming certification of UNECE automotive cybersecurity regulations.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.327-353
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• 2017

The issue submitted to the Court of Justice on the merits of case C---573/13 originated from a claim brought in the context of a dispute between Air Berlin and the German Federal Union of Consumer Organisations and Associations. The challenge concerned the way in which air fares were displayed in Air Berlin's computerised booking system. The system was organised in such a way that, after selecting a date and a departure airport, one would find all possible flight connections in a summary table. However, the final price of the ticket was displayed only for the clicked connection, and not for all connections, thus preventing customers from being able to compare such price with the prices of other connections. The German Federal Union took the view that this practice did not meet the requirements laid down by Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008, which requires transparency in the prices set for air services. This led the German State to bring an injunctive action to cause Air Berlin to discontinue said practice. The claim was upheld at both the application and appeal stage of the relevant proceedings. Subsequently, Air Berlin submitted the matter to the German Federal High Court, which decided to stay the proceedings and ask for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice as to 1. whether Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 must be interpreted as meaning that, during the computerised booking process, the final price to be paid must be indicated at all times when prices of air services are shown, including when they are shown for the first time; and 2. whether, during the computerised booking process, the final price must be indicated only for the air service specifically selected by the customer or for each air service shown. In a nutshell, the Court, by the here---discussed judgment determined that Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 must be interpreted as meaning that, in the context of a computerised air ticket booking system, the final price to be paid must be indicated not only for the air service specifically selected by the customer, but also for each air service in respect of which the fare is shown. Clearly the above judgment will place air companies under an obligation to update and adjust (when needed) their computerised ticket booking and payment systems, in consideration of the primary need for consumers to be aware at all times of the actual price payable for a ticket and be able to compare the price of the service selected with the prices for other air services in respect of which the fare is shown.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

The case of South Korea's Internet newspapers, harmful advertising is illegal but rampant. The children and youth are not protected, so effective measures are urgently required. Therefore, to achieve self-regulation, a discrimination system model using collective intelligence and collective emotions is proposed. This study is to suggest a Discrimination System Model of harmful contents using collective intelligence and collective emotions as the actual program of self-regulation. The Discrimination System model forms the level of harmful contents by using contents, form, text, size as well as the implied and reminiscent story of image as discriminant factors of a group testing. The formed level is established for harmful contents discriminant criteria after going through the process of generalization again. It can be not clear and ambiguous for internet newspaper banner ads to be measure the level of harmfulness. This Discrimination System will have the strengths of resolving this problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2017

Lately, Internet-based vessels have begun to appear at sea with the development of ICT. Thereby crews have gained easy Internet access through increased smartphone portability. However, the side effects of smartphone use while on watch, have not been studied seriously despite being a reality. In this study, simulation experiments were carried out using a Ship Handling Simulator in order to distinguish the risks of using a smartphone while on watch. Proximity Evaluation, Control Evaluation, Subjective Evaluation and Situation Awareness to the dangerous situation were used to quantify risk during simulation, and analysis results were compared with cases when using and not using a smartphone. It was found that the degree of risk increased between 1.3 to 3 times given smartphone use. Consequently, this paper represents foundation for the restriction of smartphone use and proposes smartphone usage guideline for ship navigation.