• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether longitudinal changes in positive and negative symptoms affect cognitive functioning in chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty-eight patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia were examined on two occasions over 6 months for symptoms and cognitive changes. Symptoms were measured by PANSS. Cognitive functions were examined for sustained attention, executive function, concentration and attention, and verbal memory and learning using Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Twenty control subjects were assessed to compare the cognitive scores of remitted schizophrenic patients. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in symptoms and all cognitive tests after 6 months treatments. Significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms did not predict improvements in any aspect of cognitive functioning measured. Normal controls performed significantly better than remitted schizophrenic patients on all cognitive tests. The results show no relationship between change in symptoms and change in cognition in chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion: We suggest that symptomatic and cognitive impairment may be a distinct construct. These findings highlight the importance of treating cognitive impairment in addition to the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Integrating a large variety of symptoms into a small number of clinical subtypes could be valuable for appropriate and early therapeutic intervention. As a first step toward this aim, this study attempted to identify correlation patterns among motor, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD without dementia. One hundred four non-demented patients with PD underwent a comprehensive motor, neuropsychological, and neuropsychiatric assessments. Factor analysis was performed to identify correlation patterns among demographic, motor, cognitive and neuropsychiatric variables. The eight factors were extracted: 1 motor-related, 3 cognitive-related and 4 neuropsychiatric factors. We indentified that characteristics of correlation can have associated symptom pattern in the disease process of Parkinson's disease. The current results suggest that a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD may be reducible to a small number of clinical parameters, which may be useful for identifying clinical subtypes of PD for individual patients.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2021

Objectives : Based on the fact that cognitive functions decline known as comorbid symptoms of depression can precede depression, this study seeks to observe the effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on cognitive function in healthy subjects. Methods : To recruit 50 general populations to evaluate cognitive and clinical symptoms and to find out the effects of clinical symptoms on cognitive functions, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were conducted. Correlation analysis of subdomain cognitive function was conducted for reliability analysis. Results : Trail making test-B that evaluates the execution function correlates with depressive symptoms (r=0.300, p=0.03) and age (r=0.323, p=0.02). Depressive symptoms (β=0.304, p=0.03) and age (β=0.335, p=0.01) were significantly related to Trail making test -B (Adjusted R²=0.148). Subjective cognitive tests correlates with anxiety symptoms (r=0.434, p=0.002). In the correlation between cognitive functional items, Subjective cognitive tests was found to be correlated with other test except Spotter. Conclusions : In this study, depressive symptoms contribute independently to executive functions in addition to demographic characteristics such as age and duration of education. Given that cognitive decline is a common long-term clinical outcome in depression, we expect active early intervention and evaluation of cognitive function to be helpful.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.179-203
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is 1) to investigate the reciprocal relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms and 2) to examine whether there is gender difference in this mutual relationship. The uniqueness of the current study is in its investigation on the simultaneous reciprocal relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms, which is different from previous studies examining unidirectional relationship. Subjects were 3,511 individuals aged 65 and over who participated in the first and second wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Non-recursive structural equation modeling identified the reciprocal relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms, with poorer cognitive functioning leading to higher depressive symptoms and higher depressive symptoms resulting in poorer cognitive functioning. Multi-group analysis showed the gender difference in the relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms. Specifically, cognitive functioning was the significant predictor of depressive symptoms for females, whereas the depressive symptoms was the significant predictor of cognitive functioning for males. These findings indicate that the reciprocal relationship and gender difference should be considered when we development practice implications for prevention and treatment related to depression and cognitive functioning. Based on these findings, implications for theory and practice were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

Objectives : Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and dementia of Alzheimer's type(AD) are characterized by progressive decline of cognitive abilities and a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression. Among various diagnostic tools of AD, many studies showed that elevated levels of serum total homocysteine are associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated whether elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in MCI and AD. Methods : A total of 86 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD participated. Total serum homocysteine levels in fasting blood samples were measured. We examined cognitive symptoms by MMSE-KC, Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical dementia rating(CDR) and depressive symptoms by Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale(K-GDS). Results : The total serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in MCI with depression than in MCI without depression. There was no significant difference in the mean homocysteine levels between AD patients with depression and AD patients without depression. The total homocysteine levels showed a negative correlation with MMSE-KC and a positive correlation with CDR, GDS. Conclusions : These findings suggest that elevated homocysteine level is a risk factor for the decline of cognitive function and depression. We found a significant relationship between elevated serum homocysteine level and depressive symptoms in MCI. But our study had several limitations, thus more research is needed to confirm this finding.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.301-307
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• 2020

This study aimed to determine the association between stress recognition and oral symptom experiences among adolescents. We analyzed it, based on the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2018), using the chi-square test and logistic regression. The distribution rate of stress recognition and oral symptom experience within one year were 81.7% and 48.9%, respectively. The group with stress recognition had a higher rate (52.2%) of oral symptom experience than the group that did not recognize stress (p<0.001). In the stress recognition group, the odds ratio for oral symptom experience was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.78-1.95). We suggest that stress is associated with oral health in adolescents. In the future, it will be necessary to study stress relief and oral health education in adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the perception of the somatic symptoms and the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In terms of SSAS, PTSD patients presented higher average SSAS scores than normal controls but the result is not statistically significant. In PTSD patients, the severity of PTSD is significantly correlated with CERQ-rumination and CERQ-catastrophizing. The SSAS scores of PTSD patients show the significant positive correlation with PTSD hyperarousal symptoms, CERQ-catastrophizing and CERQ-blaming others. Conclusions : These results reveal that patients with PTSD have maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as rumination and catastrophizing. Somato-sensory amplification seems to be related with PTSD hyperarousal, CERQ-catastrophizing and CERQ-blaming others. Therefore, reducing somato-sensory amplification, rumination and catastrophizing can be helpful to reduce PTSD symptoms and somatic symptoms in PTSD patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4439-4448
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• 2014

This study was conducted to extend the understanding and knowledge by examining the effect of climacteric symptoms and the cognitive function on QoL(Quality of life) of middle aged women. This study was conducted from March 2nd to March 10th, 2014. The data was collected by self-report questionnaires from 204 middle aged women. There was a significantly positive correlation between the climacteric symptoms and cognitive function. A significantly negative correlation was observed between the climacteric symptoms and QoL. The climacteric symptoms were a direct predictor and an indirect predicator of QoL mediated by the cognitive function. The study suggests that nursing intervention is needed to manage the climacteric symptoms and cognitive function for improving the QoL of middle aged women.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide data on the development of educational programs to maintain oral health in adolescence by identifying the relevance of health behavior and symptom to adolescents. The subjects of this study were 27,919 high school students' using the 15th (2019) Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing oral symptoms. The results showed that the recognition of gingiva pain was significantly lower in the subjects with male sex, lower education level, higher income level, and higher subjective perception of oral health. Higher the stress, higher the pain recognition, revealing a statistical significance. The awareness on bad breath-related symptoms was significantly higher in the adolescents with male sex, higher degree of stress, and lower frequency of daily toothbrushing. The lower awareness on halitosis was associated with higher income and higher subjective perception of oral health, showing a statistical significance. This study found that the health behavior of adolescents had an effect on their oral symptoms and the finding is expected to help develop programs for preventing those oral symptoms.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to systematic review about randomized controlled trials the characteristics and effect of non-pharmacological intervention on depressive symptom in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. We searched studies published from January 2011 to July 2021 in 3 databases. A total 1,455 studies were found and included 11 studies in final analysis. Methodological quality was assessment with the Cochrane's RoB(risk of bias) tool. Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) was the most used as the assessment tool for identifying the depressive symptom. Intervention were yoga, psychosocial intervention, cognitive training, health education, multi-component intervention, game training, aerobic/pulmonary physiotherapy, art therapy, music reminiscence activity, memory specificity training, cognitive stimulation therapy and SWTW(sleep well, think well) program. Among the intervention programs, yoga, multi-component intervention and game training were effective in improving depressive symptom. This study provided a clinical evidence for planning and implementing intervention on depressive symptom in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.