• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-521
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• 2017

Demands in a sustainable coffee certification program have increased steadily in the global coffee market. Along with this trend, recently the introduction of sustainable coffee certification programs in Vietnam has increased significantly. However, Vietnam's the coffee certification programs led by a single state-owned company, which is called Vinacafe, shows some differentiations from other sustainable coffee programs certified in other countries. The structure of exclusive decision-making in Vinacafe has been interfered with economic impacts in accordance with the introduction of sustainable coffee certification programs in Vietnam. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify changes in and limits of the value chain of the coffee industry with the introduction of Vietnam's sustainable coffee certification program by investigating the case of Vinacafe. To this end, the research has attempted 1) to concern with the role of Vinacafe in the process of growth in the coffee industry in central highland of Vietnam, 2) to analyze changes stemmed from the introduction of Vinacafe's sustainable coffee certification programs, and 3) to examine the limits to the introduction of sustainable coffee certification programs in Vietnam. As a result, it found out that Vinacafe subsidiaries shifted the losses resulted in the payment of additional environmental costs to produce sustainable certification coffee onto coffee farmers depended on Vinacafe subsidiaries, because the price of premium emerged from supports for certificated coffee production has not been guaranteed by Vinacafe mother firm.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.110-130
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• 2016

K-MILK 인증사업에 16개 유업체와 커피업계 1개사, 320개 제품이 동참했다. '14~15년 K-MILK 사업 참여도(8개 업체, 217개 제품)에 비해 2배 가까이 높아졌다. 인증, 홍보, 해외수출 공동마케팅 삼박자를 갖춘 사업으로 내실다지기에 들어간 K-MILK 사업. 신선하고 안전한 우유 유제품 선택의 기준 K-MILK 인증제품을 소개한다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.343-359
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• 2016

The coffee price from the farm-gate level has been quite unstable in recent years because of the expansion of coffee cultivation, and the volatility of coffee price in the world market. The preference toward consumer's sustainable coffee has influenced on the coffee purchase by the world major coffee companies. With this background, Vietnam began to follow the trend of sustainable coffee cultivation by the major coffee export companies which cooperate with some certification authorities. However, a proposed program called 'Sustainable Coffee Program' in 2012 was initiated as public-private cooperation. This study attempts to examine how the program was initiated, and which organizations were involved in practice level, and what the program have achieved for sustainability. Finally, non-participant group was also considered on how they have been influenced from the existence of the 'sustainable coffee program' in direct and indirect manners.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2015

Since the late 1990s Vinacafe has gone through strategic changes in corporate governance and managements due to an increase in the introduction of coffee MNCs, a growth of global demands in sustainable coffee, aging coffee tree, and the deterioration of coffee production with climate changes in Vietnam. Vinacafe has attempted to cope with these kinds of changes through strategies for equitization. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the Vietnamese coffee industry by investigating changes in corporate governance and processes of coffee production and distribution. The equitization of Vinacafe has led to the enhancement of coffee competitiveness in two perspectives. Firstly, as it has decentralized decision-making from headquarter, subsidiaries have become able to strength their competitiveness themselves by introducing new technologies, improving coffee quality, and encouraging the introduction of eco-friendly production methods through cooperative relationships with stakeholders involved in coffee production and distributions in Vietnam. Secondly, it has also enhanced competitiveness through the diversification and effectiveness of coffee managements by intensifying the flexibility of contract with coffee farmers and diversifying coffee sales and supply chains in Vietnam.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.289-302
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• 2018

As business activities of firms for maximizing profits has resulted in increases in economic, social and environmental problems in regional geographies, they have stimulated some social activities through enhancing their public image and justifying their conducts. In fact, firms have been given concerned with a decrease in profits due to the promotion of their social activities required by local communities. However, firms are able to create shared value resulted in added value creation centering on shareholder as well as stakeholder by expanding increases in economic and social values. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to draw an index which is able to evaluate the mechanism of virtuous circle resulted from creating shared value(hereafter CSV). At the same time, it has attempted to analyze some limits to and real effects of CSV by the index. The paper has analyzed the CSV of certificated coffee by using the index of sustainability in the Vietnamese coffee industry. The introduction of certificated coffee showed positive effects in the order of environmental, economic and social indicators. However, the structure of closed decision-making in Vinacafe, which is a state-firm, has not able to secure enough economic profits for CSV, leading to some limits to the formation of virtuous circles in the Vietnamese certificated coffee industry.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.399-416
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• 2016

The main aim of the research attempts to identify value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee global value chains driven by multinational companies, and to provide some implications of the integration of the frontier into sustainable coffee global value chains for creating shared value in Dak Lak, Vietnam. Recently Dak Lak has gone through the transition of value relations from exploitative value chains based upon conventional coffee production into shared value chains relied upon the production of sustainable or certified coffee in Dak Lak. The transition has been expected to result in sustainability in the creation of value by enhancing regional competitive advantages and regional bargaining power in global value chains driven by multinational companies. However, the reality has shown the intensification of hierarchical profits allocation among stakeholders such as farmer, middlemen, and multinational companies in the region. The main reasons for this could be found in two perspectives. Firstly, the formation of exclusive relations among farmers, middlemen, and processors has led to stakeholders to secure market, but resulted in the intensification of hierarchy among them in global value chain, because multinational companies could control indirectly over the farming system through exclusive middlemen. Secondly, social and ecological costs imputed by multinational companies to coffee farmers in the name of creating shared value has deteriorated the economic profits of stakeholders such as farmers and middlemen. As a result, it has led to the configuration of systematically hierarchical and subordinated global value chain in Dak Lak.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

As the number of coffee shops increases, many people are studying or working at coffee shops. Coffee shop operators have been required to analyze customer visits due to customer turnover and profit problems. Methods such as image analysis, QR code authentication, and Bluetooth beacon have been proposed for these statistics and analysis. However, it is difficult to use due to problems such as invasion of privacy and low accuracy. Therefore, in this study, to solve these problem and provide more accurate in-store congestion information, we propose a crowding measurement method of coffee shop using high frequency signal. There is an advantage in that a high frequency signal replaces the Bluetooth signal, and the transmission range of the signal is limited to the store, thereby increasing the accuracy of the method. To verify the performance of the proposed system, we conducted a comparative experiment with a Bluetooth based system, and as a result, the proposed method showed lower misrecognition rate. Thus, the proposed method will be an effective useful service for providing information on crowding at coffee shops and processing statistics.

• Vending industry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.32-35
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• 2009

서울시 모대학교에서 자판기를 운영하는 S씨. 그는 둘째가라면 서럽게 자판기를 관리를 철저히 하는 사람이다. 하루가 멀다 하고 자판기를 점검해 소비자들이 정말 깨끗한 커피를 마실 수 있게 하는데 신경을 쓴다. 이러지라 매번 자판기 위생문제가 매스컴을 통해 불거질 때마다 억울한 생각이 절로 든다. 얼마 전에도 매스컴에 자판기 위생 불량 문제가 불거져 매출이 크게 준바 있다. S씨는 이대로 있어서는 안 되겠다는 생각이 들었다. 그래서 서울시가 진행하는 안심자판기 참여 업체로 신청을 했다. 서울시의 안심자판기 점검 표시판을 받아 부착을 하고, 관리지침에 따라 자판기를 관리하기 시작했다. 점검판에 원재료의 유통기간, 보충일자, 제조국가 등을 표시하기 시작했고, 내부 점검 결과도 기록하기 시작했다. 서울시의 안심자판기 점검표가 부착이 된 탓인지 매출이 늘었다. 이에 고무된 S씨는 서울시가 여러 가지의 내부성능을 체크해 최고의 위생자판기에게 내준다는 마크 인증도 신청하기로 했다. 이같은 S씨의 사례는 서울시가 추진하는 안심자판기에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 가상의 스토리텔링이다. 서울시가 왜 자판기 위생문제에 적극 관심을 갖고 안심자판기 사업을 진행하는 지, 또 앞으로 어떻게 세부 정책 마련이 이루어질지 큰 관심사가 아닐 수 없다. 서울시가 진행하는 안심자판기에 사업 방향을 따라가 봤다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

Consumers have been increasing their interests in firms' ethicality as well as in the features of the firms' products when they decide to purchase a certain product. Recently, fair trade is considered to be a type of ethical marketing in the business-to-consumer market. In this regard, the effects of fair trade-based marketing on firm performance have become the center of academic and managerial concerns. Despite this importance, few studies have investigated whether fair-trade is a source of competitive advantage or just a cost of doing business. The present research attempts to provide evidence of how fair trade-based marketing influences competitive advantage. Two experimental studies were conducted to explore consumers' purchase intention, which can be a proxy of competitive advantage, in a foreign product-consumption context. Drawing on the stakeholder theory, the first study was performed to examine the effects of fair trade marketing on consumers' purchase intention through a within-subjects design. In addition, building on the signal theory, the second study was executed to test the effects of a fair trade mark on consumers' purchase intention. The findings of the current research reveal that consumers prefer fair trade-based products to others and that when it comes to fair trade-certified products, consumers are more likely to purchase products with that certification than otherwise, even when those products are sold at higher costs than rival products. Interestingly, the results of this research present that there is a significant difference of consumers' purchase intention of a fair trade-based product between two different marketers. This implies that fair trade-based products should be differentially distributed and targeted at a certain type of consumers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2017

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate food consumption practices and analyze factors that influence customer satisfaction of an HACCP applied restaurant in a highway service area. Methods: A total of 207 customer responses were used for data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program (ver. 22.0) for $x^2$-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Reasons for visiting the highway area were using the restroom (86.0%), purchasing of meals or snacks (70.1%), taking a rest (58.5%), and shopping (3.4%) and selection attributes of food sold in the highway service area were food taste (48.8%), food safety (33.3%), and waiting time for meal (10.7%). According to the results of the survey, udon (66.2%) was the most preferred meal, followed by instant noodles (56.0%), kimbap (50.7%), pork cutlet (38.2%), and bibimbap (29.0%). In addition, coffee (73.4%) was the most preferred among snacks and beverages, followed by beverages (58.9%), walnut cake (53.1%), mineral water (52.2%), and hotbar (52.2%). Satisfaction evaluation scores of foods sold in the highway service area were highest for appropriate portion size, followed by food safety, menu variety, food taste, and reasonable price. Overall customer satisfaction scores regarding the restaurant in the highway service area was 3.24 out of 5 points on average. According to the results of the multiple regressing analysis, food taste (p < 0.001) and reasonable price (p < 0.01) had significant positive effects on overall customer satisfaction. Conclusion: To enhance customer satisfaction, restaurant managers in the highway service area should implement HACCP, improve food taste, and set up a proper price for food sold at the restaurant in the highway service area.