• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인장 하중

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The Effect of Temporary Cement Cleaning Methods on the Retentive Strength of Cementation Type Implant Prostheses (임시 시멘트 제거방법이 시멘트 유지형 임플란트 보철물의 유지력에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Hwang-Kyu;Song, Young-Gyun;Shin, Soo-Yeon
    • Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.125-140
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    • 2011
  • The remnant of temporary cement on the intaglio surface of cast restoration may have a negative effect on the retentive strength of permanent cement. This study was to evaluate the effect of temporary cement cleaning methods on the retentive strength of cementation type implant prostheses. Prefabricated implant abutments - height 5.5mm, diameter 4.5mm, 6 degree axial wall taper with chamfer margins were used. Forty copings-abutment specimens were divided into four groups(each n=10) according to the cleaning methods for temporary cement(Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$) as follows : no temporary cementation(the control group), orange solvent, ultrasonic cleaning, air borne-particle abrasion. After the application of temporary cement and the separation, the cleaning procedure was performed according to the protocol of each group. The specimens were cemented with $Premier^{(R)}$ Implant $Cement^{TM}$. After the permanent cementation, the specimens were subjected to thermocycling and pulled out from the specimens with a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. After the retentive strength test, all the specimens were cleaned using ultrasonic cleaning, abraded with air borne-particles, and steam-cleaned. Likewise, the specimens were temporarily cemented(Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$ NE), cleaned according to the protocol of each group, cemented with $Premier^{(R)}$ Implant $Cement^{TM}$ and subjected to thermocycling and measurement of their retentive strength. The mean of group with orange solvent were significantly lower than those of other groups(p<0.05). There was no significance between group with ultrasonic cleaning and group with air borne-particle abrasion. Group with ultrasonic cleaning and group with air-particle abrasion were no significance at control group. There was no significance between group cemented with Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$ and group cemented with Temp-$Bond^{(R)}$ NE. Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that the temporary cement cleaning method with only orange solvent may have a negative effect on the retentive strength of permanent cement. Ultrasonic cleaning and air borne-particle abrasion methods are recommended for the temporary cement cleaning method on cementation type implant prostheses.

An Analytical Study on the Seismic Behavior and Safety of Vertical Hydrogen Storage Vessels Under the Earthquakes (지진 시 수직형 수소 저장용기의 거동 특성 분석 및 안전성에 관한 해석적 연구)

  • Sang-Moon Lee;Young-Jun Bae;Woo-Young Jung
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.152-161
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    • 2023
  • In general, large-capacity hydrogen storage vessels, typically in the form of vertical cylindrical vessels, are constructed using steel materials. These vessels are anchored to foundation slabs that are specially designed to suit the environmental conditions. This anchoring method involves pre-installed anchors on top of the concrete foundation slab. However, it's important to note that such a design can result in concentrated stresses at the anchoring points when external forces, such as seismic events, are at play. This may lead to potential structural damage due to anchor and concrete damage. For this reason, in this study, it selected an vertical hydrogen storage vessel based on site observations and created a 3D finite element model. Artificial seismic motions made following the procedures specified in ICC-ES AC 156, as well as domestic recorded earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 5.0, were applied to analyze the structural behavior and performance of the target structures. Conducting experiments on a structure built to actual scale would be ideal, but due to practical constraints, it proved challenging to execute. Therefore, it opted for an analytical approach to assess the safety of the target structure. Regarding the structural response characteristics, the acceleration induced by seismic motion was observed to amplify by approximately ten times compared to the input seismic motions. Additionally, there was a tendency for a decrease in amplification as the response acceleration was transmitted to the point where the centre of gravity is located. For the vulnerable components, specifically the sub-system (support columns and anchorages), the stress levels were found to satisfy the allowable stress criteria. However, the concrete's tensile strength exhibited only about a 5% margin of safety compared to the allowable stress. This indicates the need for mitigation strategies in addressing these concerns. Based on the research findings presented in this paper, it is anticipated that predictable load information for the design of storage vessels required for future shaking table tests will be provided.

Evaluation for Rock Cleavage Using Distributional Characteristics of Microcracks and Brazilian Tensile Strengths (미세균열과 압열인장강도의 분포 특성을 이용한 결의 평가)

  • Park, Deok-Won
    • Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.99-114
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    • 2020
  • The characteristics of the Brazilian tensile strengths(σt) parallel to the rock cleavages in Jurassic granite from Geochang were analysed. The evaluation for the six directions of rock cleavages was performed using the parameter values on microcrack length and the above strength. The strength values of the five test specimens belonging to each direction were classified into five groups. The strength values of these five groups increase in order of group A < B < C < D < E. The close dependence between the above microcrack and strength was derived. The analysis results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the chart showing the variation and characteristics of strength among the three rock cleavages were made. In the above chart, the strength values of six directions belonging to each group were arranged in order of rift(R1 and R2), grain(G1 and G2) and hardway(H1 and H2). The strength distribution lines of the five groups concentrate in the direction of R1. And the widths among the above five lines indicating strength difference(Δσt) are the most narrowest in R1 direction. From the related chart, the variation characteristics among the two directions forming each rock cleavage were derived. G2(2)-test specimen shows higher value and lower value of the difference in strength compared to the case of G1(1)-test specimen. These kinds of phenomena are the same as the case between the test specimen H2(2) and H1(1). The strength characteristics of the above test specimens (2) suggest lower microcrack density value and higher degree of uniformity in the distribution of microcracks arrayed parallel to the loading direction compared to those of test specimens (1). The six strength values belonging to each group were arranged in increasing order in the above chart. The strength values of the test specimens belonging to both group D and E appear in order of R1 < R2 < G1 < H1 < G2 < H2. Therefore, the strength values of group D and E can be indicator values for evaluating the six directions of rock cleavages. Second, the correlation chart between slope angle(θ) and strength difference(Δσt) were made. The values of the above two parameters were obtained from the five strength distribution lines connecting between the two directions. From the chart related to rift plane(G1-H1, R'), grain plane(R1-H2, G') and hardway plane(R2-G2, H'), the slope values of linear functions increase in order of R'(0.391) < G'(0.470) < H'(0.485). Among three planes, the charts related to hardway plane show the highest distribution density among the five groups. From the related chart for rift(R1-R2, R), grain(G1-G2, G) and hardway(H1-H2, H), the slope values of linear functions increase in order of rift(0.407) < hardway(0.453) < grain(0.460). Among three rock cleavages, the charts related to rift show the highest frequency of groups belonging to the lower region. Taken together, the width of distribution of the slope angle among the three planes and three rock cleavages increase in order of H' < G < R' < R < G' < H. Third, the correlation analysis among the parameters related to microcrack length and the tensile strengths was performed. These parameters may include frequency(N), total length(Lt), mean length(Lm), median length(Lmed) and density(ρ). The correlation charts among individual parameters on the above microcrack(X) and corresponding five levels of tensile strengths for the five groups(Y) were made. From the five kinds of correlation charts, the values of correlation coefficients(R2) increase along with the five levels of strengths. The mean values of the five correlation coefficients from each chart increase in order of 0.22(N) < 0.34(Lt) < 0.38(ρ) < 0.57(Lmed) < 0.58(Lm). Fourth, the correlation chart among the corresponding maximum strength for group E(X) and the above five parameters(Y) were made. From the related chart, the values of correlation coefficient increase in order of 0.61(N) < 0.81(Lt) < 0.87(ρ) < 0.93(Lm) < 0.96(Lmed). The two parameters that have the highest correlations are median length with maximum strength. Through the above correlation analysis between microcrack and strength, the credibility for the results from this study can be enhanced.

Effects of Wood Particles and Steel Wire Compositions on Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Boards (목재(木材)파아티클과 철선(鐵線) 복합체(複合體)가 보오드의 물리적(物理的) 및 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Heon;Lee, Pill-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.3-44
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    • 1986
  • In order to obtain the basic physical and mechanical properties of steel wire reinforced particleboard, particleboards were formed with large particles through 2.11 mm (12 meshes) and retained on 1.27mm (20 meshes) sieves and small particles through 1.27mm (20 meshes) and retained on 0.42mm (60 meshes) sieves from the plywood mill wastes of meranti (Shorea spp.) in the form of pallmanchips, applying urea-formaldehyde resin as an adhesive on the particle surface in 10 percent on the oven dried weight of particles, and arranging steel wires of 1mm in diameter 5,10,15,20, and 25mm in longitudinal and transverse direction with crossing in the mid of the board depth in single layer boards, 10mm in longitudinal or transverse direction without crossing in two layers and 10mm in longitudinal and transverse directions with and without crossing in three steel wire layers boards. The stepwise 9-minutes-multi-pressing schedule in 5 minutes at 35 kgf/$cm^2$, 2.5 minutes at 25 kgf/$cm^2$. and 1.5 minutes at 15 kgf/$cm^2$ was applied for $300{\times}200{\times}13$mm board at the temperature of 160$^{\circ}C$ in a hot press. Specific gravity, thickness swelling, bending properties of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity(MOE), work to proportional limit, and work to ultimate load, internal bond (IB), and screw holding power(SHP) of the reinforced boards were analyzed on the wire openings and wire layers. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) In specific gravity, particleboards with large particles and small particles had higher value with more steel wire placements and more steel layers composition, 2) Particleboards with large particles in accordance with more steel wire liners composition gave very poor thickness swelling. 3) The mechanical properties of particleboards formed with large or small particles were reinforced with more steel wire layers. Therefore, bending strength was improved in modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and work to ultimate load. Especiallv, particleboards with two or three steel wire layers showed the tension lamination effect when the steels in lower steel wire layer were oriented parallel to the board length. 4) The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and work to ultimate load in bending varied with opening area, distance of lengthwise wires multipled by distance of transverse wires. Particleboards formed with large particles resulted in higher value in modulus of rupture with 1.5-3 $cm^2$ opening area, 1-2cm distance between transverse wires, and 1.5-2.5cm distance between lengthwise wires. Particle boards formed with small particles showed higher value with 0.5-1.5$cm^2$ or 3.75-6.25 $cm^2$ opening area, 0.5 or 2.5cm distance between transverse wires. 5) In modulus of elasticity, particleboards formed with large particles with one steel wire layer suggested higher value with 5-3$cm^2$ opening area, 1-2.5cm distance between transverse wires and also 1-2.5 cm distance between lengthwise wires. Particleboards formed with small particles showed higher value with 0.75-1.25$cm^2$ or 3-6.25$cm^2$ opening area and 0.5 or 2.5cm distance between transverse wires. 6) Particleboards formed with large particles gaved higher value in work to ultimate load with 1-3$cm^2$ opening area. Particleboards formed with small particles showed increasing tendancy with decreasing opening area. 7) In internal bond and screw holding power, particleboards formed with large particles had increasing value in two and three steel wire layers compositions, but particleboards formed with small particles showed no difference. Particleboards formed with large particles containing one steel wire layer showed no difference in internal bond and screw holding power, and particleboards formed with small panicles containing one steel wire layer resulted in increasing value in internal bond and decreasing value in screw holding power in accordance with increase in opening area.

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Strength and Deformation Capacities of Short Concrete Columns with Circular Section Confined by GFRP (GFRP로 구속된 원형단면 콘크리트 단주의 강도 및 변형 능력)

  • Cho, Soon-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.121-130
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    • 2007
  • To investigate the enhancement in strength and deformation capacities of concrete confined by FRP composites, tests under axial loads were carried out on three groups of thirty six short columns in circular section with diverse GFRP confining reinforcement. The major test variables considered include fiber content or orientation, wrap or tube type by varying the end loading condition, and continuous or discontinuous confinement depending on the presence of vortical spices between its two halves. The circumferential FRP strains at failure for different types of confinements were also investigated with emphasis. Various analytical models capable of predicting the ultimate strength and strain of the confined concrete were examined by comparing to observed results. Tests results showed that FRP wraps or tubes provide the substantial increase in strength and deformation, while partial wraps comprising the vertical discontinuities fail in an explosive manner with less increase in strength, particularly in deformation. A bilinear stress-strain response was observed throughout all tests with some variations of strain hardening. The failure hoop strains measured on the FRP surface were less than those obtained from the tensile coupons in all tests with a high degree of variation. In overall, existing predictive equations overestimated ultimate strengths and strains observed in present tests, with a much larger scatter related to the latter. For more accuracy, two simple design- oriented equations correlated with present tests are proposed. The strength equation was derived using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, whereas the strain equation was based on entirely fitting of test data including the unconfined concrete strength as one of governing factors.

Application of Ultrasonic Nano Crystal Surface Modification into Nitinol Stent Wire to Improve Mechanical Characteristics (나이티놀 스텐트 와이어의 기계적 특성 향상을 위한 초음파 나노표면 개질 처리에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Sang-Ho;Suh, Tae-Suk;Lee, Chang-Soon;Park, In-Gyu;Cho, In-Sik;Pyoun, Young-Shik;Kim, Seong-Hyeon
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 2009
  • Phase transformation, superelastic characteristics and variation of surface residual stress were studied for Nitinol shape memory alloy through application of UNSM technology, and life extension methods of stent were also studied by using elastic resilience and corrosion resistance. Nitinol wire of ${\phi}1.778$ mm showed similar surface roughness before and after UNSM treatment, but drawing traces and micro defects were all removed by UNSM treatment. It also changed the surface residual stress from tensile to compressive values, and XRD result showed less intensive austenite peak and clear martensite and additional R-phase peaks after UNSM treatment. Fatigue resistance could be greatly improved through removal of surface defects and rearrangement of surface residual stress from tensile to compressive state, and development of surface modification system to improve not only bio-compatability but also resistance to corrosion and wear will make it possible to develop vascular stent which can be used for circulating system diseases which run first cause of death of recent Koreans.

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Effects of Phenolic and Phosphite Antioxidants on the properties for PC/ABS Blends during High-Shear-Rate Processing (고속 전단 가공에서 페놀계와 인산계 산화방지제에 의한 PC/ABS 블렌드의 물성 변화 연구)

  • Lee, Han Ki;Kim, Seon Hong;Lee, Hyung Il;Yoo, Jae Jung;Yong, Da Kyoung;Choi, Seok Jin;Lee, Seung Goo;Lee, Kee Yoon
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.266-271
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    • 2014
  • The effects of antioxidants on the properties of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(PC/ABS) blends were studied for the functions of the screw speed and loaded duration of high shear rate processing in order to investigate the degradation for PC/ABS blends. Tris-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl phosphate) (A1) and Bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite (A3) as phosphite antioxidants and Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (A2) as a phenolic antioxidant are used. The thermal properties were detected by TGA and severely decreased, after the processing. The stress-induced and thermal degradation for PC/ABS blends with the antioxidant A3 was retarded better than the others. By using UTM, the mechanical properties also showed individually decreased according to the antioxidants, after the processing, especially, the elongations showed considerable decline behaviors, while the tensile strengths of PC/ABS blends changed very little. For example, in the operating conditions of 1000rpm of screw speed and 20 seconds of loaded period, the elongations decreased from 148% before the processing, to 91.6% with the A1, to 63% with the A2 and to 131% with the A3 after the processing, respectively. In order to get the morphological properties, the size distributions of the dispersed phases for PC/ABS were investigated by SEM analysis and tended to decrease, as the screw speed and loaded period of the processing increased. Therefore, we confirmed that the antioxidant A3 was the best of all of three to inhibit the stress-induced degradation of PC/ABS blends during the high shear rate processing.

A study on the effect of tunnelling to adjacent single piles and pile groups considering the transverse distance of pile tips from the tunnel (말뚝의 횡방향 이격거리를 고려한 터널굴착이 인접 단독말뚝 및 군말뚝에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구)

  • Jeon, Young-Jin;Kim, Sung-Hee;Lee, Cheol-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.637-652
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    • 2015
  • In the present work, a number of three-dimensional (3D) parametric numerical analyses have been carried out to study the influence of tunnelling on the behaviour of adjacent piles considering the transverse distance of the pile tip from the tunnel. Single piles and $5{\times}5$ piles inside a group with a spacing of 2.5d were considered, where d is the pile diameter. In the numerical modelling, several key issues, such as the tunnelling-induced pile settlements, the interface shear stresses, the relative shear displacements, the axial pile forces, the apparent factors of safety and zone of influence have been rigorously analysed. It has been found that when the piles are inside the influence zone, the pile head settlements are increased up to about 111% compared to those computed from the Greenfield condition. Larger pile settlements and smaller axial pile forces are induced on the piles inside the pile groups than those computed from the single piles since the piles responded as a block with the surrounding ground. Also tensile pile forces are induced associated with the upward resisting skin friction at the upper part of pile and the downward acting skin friction at the lower part of pile. On the contrary, when the piles were outside the influence zone, tunnelling-induced compressive pile forces developed. Based on computed load and displacement relation of the pile, the apparent factor of safety of the piles was reduced up to about 45%. Therefore the serviceability of the piles may be substantially reduced. The pile behaviour, when considering the single piles and the pile groups with regards to the influence zone, has been analysed by considering the key features in great details.

Structural Behavior Evaluation of NRC Beam-Column Connections (NRC 보-기둥 접합부의 구조적 거동 평가)

  • Jeon, Ji-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Yun;Kim, Seung-Hun
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2022
  • In this study, details of NRC beam-column connections were developed in which beam and columns pre-assembled in factories using steel angles were bolted on site. The developed joint details are NRC-J type and NRC-JD type. NRC-J type is a method of tensile joining with TS bolts to the side and lower surfaces of the side plate of the NRC column and the end plate of the NRC beam. NRC-JD type has a rigid joint with high-strength bolts between the NRC beam and the side of the NRC column for shear, and with lap splices of reinforcing bar penetrating the joint and the beam main reinforcement for bending. For the seismic performance evaluation of the joint, three specimens were tested: an NRC-J specimen and NRC-JD specimen with NRC beam-column joint details, and an RC-J specimen with RC beam-column joint detail. As a result of the repeated lateral load test, the final failure mode of all specimens was the bending fracture of the beam at the beam-column interface. Compared to the RC-J specimen, the maximum strength of the specimen by the positive force was 10.1% and 29.6% higher in the NRC-J specimen and the NRC-JD specimen, respectively. Both NRC joint details were evaluated to secure ductility of 0.03 rad or more, the minimum total inter-story displacement angle required for the composite intermediate moment frame according to the KDS standard (KDS 41 31 00). At the slope by relative storey displacemet of 5.7%, the NRC-J specimen and the NRC-JD specimen had about 34.8% and 61.1% greater cumulative energy dissipation capacity than the RC specimen. The experimental strength of the NRC beam-column connection was evaluated to be 30% to 53% greater than the theoretical strength according to the KDS standard formula, and the standard formula evaluated the joint performance as a safety side.

Effects of Boliing, Steaming, and Chemical Treatment on Solid Wood Bending of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora S. et. Z. (자비(煮沸), 증자(蒸煮) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)가 상수리나무와 소나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • So, Won-Tek
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.19-62
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    • 1985
  • This study was performed to investigate: (i) the bending processing properties of silk worm oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) by boiling and steaming treatments; (ii) the effects of interrelated factors - sapwood and heartwood, annual ring placement, softening temperature and time, moisture content. and wood defects on bending processing properties; (iii) the changing rates of bending radii after release from a tension strap, and (iv) the improving methods of bending process by treatment with chemicals. The size of specimens tested was $15{\times}15{\times}350mm$ for boiling and steaming treatments and $5{\times}10{\times}200mm$ for treatments with chemicals. The specimens were green for boiling treatments and dried to 15 percent for steaming treatments. The specimens for treatments with chemicals were soaked in saturated urea solution, 35 percent formaldehyde solution, 25 percent polyethylene glycol -400 solution, and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution for 5 days and immediately followed the bending process, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The internal temperature of silk worm oak and Korean red pine by boiling and steaming time was raised slowly to $30^{\circ}C$ but rapidly from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80-90^{\circ}C$ and then slowly from $80-90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. 2. The softening time required to the final temperature was directly proportional to the thickness of specimen. The time required from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15mm-squared specimen was 9.6-11.2 minutes in silk worm oak and 7.6-8.1 minutes in Korean red pine. 3. The moisture content (M.C.) of specimen by steaming time was increased rapidly first 4 minutes in the both species, and moderately from 4 to 20 minutes and then slowly and constantly in silk worm oak, and moderately from 4 to 15 minutes and then slowly and constantly in Korean red pine. The M.C. of 15mm-squared specimen in 50 minutes of steaming was increased to 18.0 percent in the oak and 22.4 percent in the pine from the initial conditioned M.C. of 15 percent The rate of moisture adsorption measured was therefore faster in the pine than in the oak. 4. The mechanical properties of the both species were decreased significantly with the increase of boiling rime. The decrement by the boiling treatment for 60 minutes was measured to 36.6-45.0 percent in compressive strength, 12.5-17.5 percent in tensile strength, 31.6-40.9 percent in modulus of rupture, and 23.3-34.6 percent in modulus of elasticity. 5. The minimum bending radius (M.B.R.) of sapwood and heartwood was 60-80 mm and 90 mm in silk worm oak, and 260 - 300 mm and 280 - 300 mm in Korean red pine, respectively. Therefore, the both species showed better bending processing properties in sapwood than in heartwood. 6. The M.B.R. of edge-grained and flat-grained specimen in suk worm oak was 60-80 mm, but the M.B.R. in Korean red pine was 240-280 mm and 260-360 mm, respectively. Comparing the M.B.R. of edge-grained with flat-grained specimen, in the pine the edge-grained showed better bending processing property than the flat-grained. 7. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the rising of softening temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum softening temperature for bending was $90^{\circ}C$ in silk worm oak and $80^{\circ}C$ in Korean red pine, and the dependency of softening temperature for bending was therefore higher in the oak than in the pine. 8. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the increase of softening time as well as temperature, but even after the internal temperature of specimen reaching to the final temperature, somewhat prolonged softening was required to obtain the best plastic conditions. The minimum softening time for bending of 15 mm-squared silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen was 15 and 10 minutes in the boiling treatment, and 30 and 20 minutes in the steaming treatment, respectively. 9. The optimum M.C. for bending of silk worm oak was 20 percent, and the M.C. above fiber saturation point rather degraded the bending processing property, whereas the optimum M.C. of Korean red pine needed to be above 30 percent. 10. The bending works in the optimum conditions obtained as seen in Table 24 showed that the M.B.R. of silk worm oak and Korean red pine was 80 mm and 240 mm in the boiling treatment, and 50 mm and 280 mm in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing property of the oak was better in the steaming than in the boiling treatment, but that of the pine better in the boiling than in the steaming treatment. 11. In the bending without a tension strap, the radio r/t of the minimum bending radius t to the thickness t of silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen amounted to 16.0 and 21.3 in the boiling treatment, and 17.3 and 24.0 in the steaming treatment, respectively. But in the bending with a tension strap, the r/t of the oak and the pine specimen decreased to 5.3 and 16.0 in t he boiling treatment, and 3.3 and 18.7 in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing properties of the both species were significantly improved by the strap. 12. The effect of pin knot on the degradation of bending processing property was very severe in silk worm oak by side, e.g. 90 percent of the oak specimens with pin knot on the concave side were ruptured when bent to a 100 mm radius but only 10 percent of the other specimens with pin knot on the convex side were ruptured. 13. The changing rate in the bending radius of specimen bent to a 300 mm radius after 30 days of exposure to room temperature conditions was measured to 4.0-10.3 percent in the boiling treatment and 13,0-15.0 percent in the steaming treatment. Therefore, the degree of spring back after release was higher in the steaming than in the boiling treatment. And the changing rate of moisture-proofing treated specimen by expoxy resin coating was only -1.0.0 percent. 14. Formaldehyde, 35 percent solution, and 25 percent polyethylene glycol-400 solution found no effect on the plasticization of the both species, but saturated urea solution and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution found significant effect in comparison to non-treated specimen. But the effect of the treatment with chemicals alone was inferior to that of the steaming treatment, and the steaming treatment after the treatment with chemicals improved 10-24 percent over the bending processing property of steam-bent specimen. 15. Three plasticity coefficients - load-strain coefficient, strain coefficient, and energy coefficient - were evaluated to be appropriate for the index of bending processing property because the coefficients had highly significant correlation with the bending radius. The fitness of the coefficients as the index was good at load-strain coefficient, energy coefficient, and strain coefficient, in order.

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