• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.738-743
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• 2007

In this paper, a muscle motion sensing system and an artificial arm control system are studied. The artificial arm is for the people who lost one's forearm. The muscle motion sensing system detect the intention of motion from the upper arm's muscle. In sensing system we use flex sensors which is electrical resistance type sensor. The sensor is attached on the biceps brachii muscle and coracobrachialis muscle of the upper arm. We propose an algorithm to classify the one's intention of motions from the sensor signal. Using this algorithm, we extract the 4 motions which are flexion and extension of the forearm, pronation and supination of the arm. To verify the validity of the proposed algorithms we made experiments with two d.o.f. artificial arm. To reduce the control errors of the artificial arm we also proposed a fuzzy PID control algorithm which based on the errors and error rate.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2024

Patients with amputations of both hands need prosthetic hands that serve both cosmetic and functional purposes, and research on prosthetic hands using electromyography of remaining muscles is active, but there is still the problem of high cost. In this study, an artificial prosthetic hand was manufactured and its performance was evaluated using low-cost parts and software such as a surface electromyography sensor, machine learning software Edge Impulse, Arduino Nano 33 BLE, and 3D printing. Using signals acquired with surface electromyography sensors and subjected to digital signal processing through Edge Impulse, the flexing movement signals of each finger were transmitted to the fingers of the prosthetic hand model through training to determine the type of finger movement using machine learning. When the digital signal processing conditions were set to a notch filter of 60 Hz, a bandpass filter of 10-300 Hz, and a sampling frequency of 1,000 Hz, the accuracy of machine learning was the highest at 82.1%. The possibility of being confused between each finger flexion movement was highest for the ring finger, with a 44.7% chance of being confused with the movement of the index finger. More research is needed to successfully develop a low-cost prosthetic hand.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.136-136
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• 2002

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.28-36
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• 2006

In this paper, an algorithm to classify the 4 motions of arm and a control system to position control the prosthesis are studied. To classify the 4 motions, we use flex sensors which is electrical resistance type sensor that can measure warp of muscle. The flex sensors are attached to the biceps brchii muscle and coracobrachialis muscle and the sensor signals are passed the sensing system. 4 motion of the forearm - flexion and extension, the pronation and supination are classified from this. Also position of forearm is measured from the classified signals. Finally, A two D.O.F prosthesis arm with RC servo-motor is designed to verify the validity of the algorithm. At this time, fuzzy controller is used to reduce the position error by rotary inertia and noise. From the experiment, the position error had occurred within about 5 degree.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.26-32
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• 1994

생물학적 폐수처리란 유기물을 함유한 폐수를 처리하기 위하여 물의 자정작용을 부분적으로 이용하여 인공적으로 효율을 높인 방법을 말한다. 이런 생물학적 처리가 물리화학적인 처리법보다 경제적인 경우는 대개 용존 유기물의 농도가 수천 ppm미만으로 (대개 수백 ppm) 묽은 경우이다. 생물학적 처리는 물리화학적 처리법에 비해 초기투자비가 큰 반면 운전비가 적고 2차 오염물질의 발생도 적은 편이다. 1992년 현재 국내의 폐수처리장의수는 약 25,000개이고 이중 생물학적 폐수처리장이 설치된 곳은 약 2,400여곳으로 대개 일일 배출량이 50톤 이상인 곳이다. 총 배출량은 약 800만톤/일이며 톤당 처리비를 평균 400원 정도로 가정한다면 년간 1조 1천억원이 폐수처리를 위해 쓰여지고 있음을 추정할 수 있다. 폐수처리설비는 최근 매년 15% 이상의 증가를 보여왔으며 배출수 기준이 강화됨에 따라 실질적인 운전비는 더욱 커지고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 이러한 폐수처리설비의 핵심인 생물학적 처리공정의 효율을 증대하는 것이 중요하며 이에 생물공학의 적극적인 활용이 요청되고 있는 것이다. 여기서는 폐수처리에 쓰이는 생물반응기의 현황을 고찰하고 향후 해결해야 할 방향을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

The effects of the simulated acid rain on the growth response and water status of Glycine soja was observed in 2 months-old seedlings. The seedlings were treated with acid rain(pH 3.5), three times per week. Glycine soja showed significant reduction in the total length, total weight, dry weight, water contents and top/root ratio after treatment of simulated acid rain(pH 3.5) for 56 days. The growth of shoot was more susceptible to acid rain than that of roots. On the contray, Number of lateral roots, water saturation deficit and epidermis transpiration was higher than that of control(pH 5.6) after 56 days treatment of simulated acid rain.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 1997

The effect of acid rain on plant isozyme response was studied with the treatment of simulated acid rain to Pinus densiflora, P. nigida and P. koraiensis for 9 months. The isozyme pattern of $\alpha$-Esterase($\alpha$-Est), Peroxidase(POD) and Glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) were observed in the control (pH 5.6) and simulated acid rain (pH 3.5) treatment. No changes of isozyme pattern in $\alpha$-Est was observed in P. densiflora after 9 month treatment of simulated acid rain, but, two new isozymes were activated in P. nigida in the same treatment. In P. koraiensis, two new isozyme were activated but five isozymes were not activated. P. densiflora did not show any difference in POD and GDH after the treatment of simulated acid rain. P. nigida showed activation of eight and two isozymes in POD and GDH, respectively. P. koraiensis showed inactivation of 4 isozymes in POD but showed no changes In GDH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 1997

Many mathematical techniques have been developed to determine the muscle forces and force distribution in biomechanical human model, because it is so important to understand internal forces resisting external loading. However, a three-dimensional mathematical model of wrist joint, which is essential to develop solid modeling and artificial wrist joint, has not been well developed. This study proposed to define three-dimensional mathematical model of distal radius and ulna of the human wrist and to develop a detailed two-dimensional finite element through comparisons to existing analytical models and experimental tests. This mathematical model were accurately recreated, allowing the internal tendon force as well as force transmission and distribution through the distal radios and ulna during dynamic loadings. The results found in this study indicate and support the findings of other investigator that cyclic loading condition results in higher compression force on distal radius and ulna and may be source of wrist disorder.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.29-29
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• 2002

참오갈피(Acanthopanax pedunculus)는 국내 고유한 자생 종이며 현재 몇 그루 만이 존재하는 것으로 추정된다. 이 수종은 대체적으로 다른 오갈피 수종에 비해 잎 및 열매는 물론 식물 전체 부위가 다소 커서 경제성이 높다고 판단된다. 본 실험에서는 참오갈피의 세포배양 기술을 이용한 묘목 및 약용원료의 산업적 대량 생산 기술을 개발하고자 수행 하였다. 참오갈피 접합자배를 적출하여 무균적으로 배양한 다음 자엽단계로 성숙한 이들 접합자배를 1 mg/1 2,4-D가 첨가된 MS 배지에 배양하여 배형성 캘러스를 유도하였다. 배형성 세포의 유도율은 약 72%에 달했다. 유도된 배형성 캘러스는 2,4-D가 첨가된 같은 고체 및 액체 배지에서 계대배양하여 배형성 캘러스 및 세포를 유지하였다. 배형성 캘러스를 2,4-D가 첨가되지 않은 배지에 옮겨주면 이들 세포로부터 체세포배가 발생되었다. 약 2개월의 기간을 거쳐 자엽단계로 성숙된 체세포 배는 발아되지 않기 때문에 5 mg/1 GA$_3$가 첨가된 1/2 MS 배지에 옮겨 발아 및 식물체로 재생 시켰다. 약 7 cm 크기로 재생된 식물체를 인공토양에 옮겨 1달간 순화시키고 난 후 토양에 옮겼을 경우 87%가 생존하였다. 기내에서 유도된 참오갈피 식물체는 특별한 처리를 하여주지 않아도 뿌리로부터 배발생 세포를 형성 할 수 있었다. 따라서 이들 식물체로부터 배발생세포 유도는 세포주의 보존 및 증식에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있었다. 한편 참오갈피 세포는 5-10 리터 바이오리엑터 배양을 통하여 배형성세포, 자엽단계의 배, 유식물의 대량생산의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2010

To establish the system of In vitro plant regeneration, the floral bud and leaf explants of Sedum rotundifolium were cultured on the MS media supplemented with different concentration of 2,4-D, NAA, and BA. The callus induction was more effective in the floral explants than the leaf explants, and was the best on MS medium containing 1.0 or 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA. The highest numbers of shoots were regenerated when callus were cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA for 8 weeks. The normal root formation from shoot was effective on the MS medium containing IAA alone. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the pot and acclimatized successfully.