• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인공광합성

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A Study on the Cultivation of Enteromorpha prolifera(Muller) J.Agardh, Chlorophyta in Korea (녹조식물 가시파래, Enteromorpha prolifera의 양식연구)

  • 윤장택;조용철;공용근
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2003
  • This study aimed to develop the methods of growing Enteromorpha prolifera natural seedlings in its natural habitat and artificial indoor seedlings by inducing spore release. Likewise, the study examined the possibility of mass production by developing cultivation techniques with cultivating examination. The natural seedling of E.prolifera thrived in a sea area composed of sand and mud, which Is its natural habitat. Growing of this alga on the seedling frame 20 cm high from the bottom at the intertidal zone in summer and 40 cm high in fall was found to be very effective. However, enabling the best attachment rate for artificial indoor seedling requires inducing spore release after drying the mature thalli in a dark place fur about 12∼24 hours and setting seedling nets in a dark water tank (spore solution) for 24 hours. Breeding E.prolifera in a pole-system farm is best done in shallow sea areas with mud or mud and sand geological feature. However, floating-system lam is better for deep-sea areas with fast current. Ideal farming places are sea areas with plenty of nutritional salt and safe places that protect the lam facilities against billows. Furthermore, an exposure method on seawater surface to produce larger output should be used.

Difference of Nutritional Content on Liquid Fertilizer by Artificial Soil for Organic Farming in Pepper (고추 유기농 인공상토재배 시 액비처리에 따른 영양성분 차이)

  • Nam, Chun Woo;Cho, Young Sang;Moon, Hee Ja;Chae, Soo Young;Yang, Eun Young;Cho, Myeong Cheoul
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.10a
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    • pp.81-81
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    • 2019
  • 고추는 생식, 김치재료로 우리나라 사람이 가장 많이 식용하는 건강채소로 기능성 물질함량을 높이고자 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구는 항산화 물질향상을 위한 유기농자재의 적정 농도를 구명하고자 P1(대조), P2(고추액비+산야초(4종)+약초(3종)+해초(4종)+스테비아), P3(고추), P4(고추액비+산야초(3종)+약초(3종)+해초(감태, 함초, 지총), 마늘, 쑥) 등 4처리하였다. 시험재료는 고추"전력질주"품종을 이용하여 완주지방에서 2월 19일 파종하였고 5월10일에 인공상토를 이용하여 30 cm 화분에 정식하였다. 농자재 처리에 따른 영양성분 분석은 8월 10일에 적색고추를 수확하여 농업기술실용화 재단에서 분석하였다. 유기농자재 액비처리별 베타카로틴은 P2처리에서 69%정도 높은 경향이었으나 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았는데, 개체 간 수분차이가 다르기 때문에 나타난 것이라고 생각되었다. 비타민c, 플라보노이드, 폴리페놀은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 캡사이신, 디캡사이신은 대조구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 액비처리별 고추 생육특성은 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 마디수 등은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 품종은 다르지만, 베타카로틴 등 항산화물질의 평균함량이 다른 년도에 비하여 상당이 적게 나타났다. 이것은 주로 토양, 온도환경 등이 다르기 때문에 나타난 것이라고 생각되었다. 따라서 유기농자재 액비에 따른 고추 영양성분과 항산화 물질연구는 토양, 온도, 수분, 광합성 등 환경조건의 종합적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각되었다.

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Characteristics of Vegetation Structure in Chamaecyparis Obtusa Stands (편백림의 식생구조 특성 분석)

  • Park, Seok-Gon;Kang, Hyun-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.907-916
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of vegetation structure, vegetation succession, and species diversity of artificially planted Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) stands. The study was carried out by performing vegetation survey for eight CO stands located in Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. Analysis on vegetation classification and ordinations of the stands was conducted using the data from the vegetation survey, and as a result, the stands were classified into five types of communities. Community I showed a considerably lower index of species diversity when compared to other communities because the canopy of the dominant CO was so highly dense that the low-height vegetation was not able to develop or the low-height vegetation almost disappeared due to elimination of weed trees. Meanwhile, the Community II - IV had relatively higher indices of species diversity because various native tree species mixed with the low-height vegetation and competed with each other in the understory and shrub layers to some degree of stability or in their early stage of vegetation development. Community V, lastly, showed higher use intensity as a recreational forest, thus developing simpler vegetation structure on account of artificial intervention. There was positive correlation between photosynthetically active radiation entering the forest floor, number of observed species and index of species diversity. Such characteristics of vegetation structure in CO stands are closely associated with forest management and prescription for planting reforestation, thinning, and brush cutting in the past. There was a slight difference in vegetation structure and species diversity by communities, based on rotation time of the vegetational succession, process of disturbance frequency and disturbance, development, and maturity by planting CO stands. However, when compared to natural forests, the CO stands showed simpler vegetation structure. Because artificial forests are vulnerable in ecosystem service with lower species diversity, a drive for ecological management is needed for such forests to change into healthy ecosystems that can display functions of public benefit.

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain and Soil Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Rate, wax Content, and Contact Angle of Japanese Red Pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) Leaves (인공산성우와 토양시비가 소나무잎의 광합성속도, 왁스 함량 및 접촉각에 미치는 영향)

  • 최기영;이용범;채의석;이경재
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.263-268
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted for the assessment of the effects of acid rain and soil fertilizers on photosynthetic rate, was content, and contact angle on 5-year seedlings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves. The seedlings were exposed to pH 3.0 (simulated acid rain), pH 6.5 (groung water) and rain (pH around 4.6). The seedlings were also treated with $Ca(OH)_2, Mg(OH)_2, and Ca(OH)_2 + Mg(OH)_2 + C.F.(compound fertilizer)$. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, was content, contact angle value, and mineral nutrient content of the leaves were measured and the results were as follows: 1. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves increased with the increase of pH. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with application of soil fertilizer in the pH 3.0 treatment, but showed no changes in the rain and the pH 6.5. 2. Contact angle value and was content of the leaves did not change with the pH treatment, but increased with the fertilizer treatments. 3. Mineral nutrient contents of the leaves were lowest in the rain treatment and highest in the pH 6.5 treatment. The increase of mineral nutrient contents was observed with the soil fertilizer treatments.

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Tolerance of Rice, Soybean, and Hot Pepper to Simulated Acid Rain at Different Growth Stages (벼, 콩, 고추의 생육시간별 인공 산성비에 대한 내성)

  • 이석순;김태주;김복진
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.548-555
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    • 1994
  • To compare the tolerance of crops to acid rain at different growth stages a simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 2.7 was applied to rice, soybean, and hot pepper from vegetative growth stage to harvest (Veget.-Harvest) and from reproductive growth stage to harvest (Reprod.-Harvest). Visual damages of crops by SAR were greater in the order of rice < hot pepper < soybean and greater at Veget.-Harvest than at Reprod.-Harvest treatment. Chlorophyll content of all crops was greater in the order of Veget.-Harvest < Reprod.-Harvest treatment < control, but photosynthetic activity was not affected by SAR treatments. Nitrogen concentration and uptake of rice plants at harvest were similar among SAR treatments, but those of soybean and hot pepper were greater at Veget.-Harvest treatment than at Reprod.-Harvest treatment or control. Sulfur concentration of all crops was not affected by SAR treatments, but total sulfur uptake of soybean was greater in SAR treatments than untreated control. Grain yield of rice and soybean was not affected by SAR although grain fertility, percent ripened grains, and 1,000-grain weight of rice at Veget.-Harvest treatment were lower compared with Reprod.-Harvest treatment or control. Fruit dry weight of hot pepper was greater in the order of Veget.-Harvest < Reprod.-Harvest < control due to decreased fruit number per plant and average fruit weight. At one time application of SAR at flowering stage, brown spots were observed on the spikelets of rice at below pH 2.3. Petals of soybean and hot pepper were wilted at pH below 1. 7 and 2.0, respectively, but fruit setting was not affected by the pH of the SRA.

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Comparing Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L. 'Cupra') under Supplemental Sulfur Plasma and High-Pressure Sodium Lamps in Growth Chambers and Greenhouses (황 플라즈마 및 고압나트륨 램프의 보광에 따른 생육상 및 온실에서의 파프리카 광합성 및 생산성 비교)

  • Park, Kyoung Sub;Kwon, Dae Young;Lee, Joon Woo;Son, Jung Eek
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2018
  • Supplemental lighting with artificial light sources is a practical method that enables normal growth and enhances the yield and quality of fruit vegetable in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfur plasma lamp (SP) and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) as supplemental lighting sources on the growth and yield of paprika. For investigating the effectiveness of SP and HPS lamps on paprika, the effects of primary lighting on plant growth were compared in growth chambers and those of supplemental lighting were also compared in greenhouses. In the growth chamber, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured weekly at SP and HPS from 2 weeks after transplanting. In the greenhouse, no supplemental lighting (only sunlight) was considered as the control. The supplemental lights were turned on when outside radiation became below $100W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ from 07:00 to 21:00. From 3 weeks after supplemental lighting, the growth was measured weekly, while the number and weight of paprika fruits measured every two weeks. In the growth chamber, the growth of paprika at SP was better than at HPS due to the higher photosynthetic rate. In the greenhouse, the yield was higher under sunlight with either HPS or SP than sunlight only (control). No significant differences were observed in plant height, number of node, leaf length, and fresh and dry weights between SP and HPS. However, at harvest, the number of fruits rather than the weight of fruits were higher at SP due to the enhancement of fruiting numbers and photosynthesis. SP showed a light spectrum similar to sunlight, but higher PAR and photon flux sum of red and far-red wavelengths than HPS, which increased the photosynthesis and yield of paprika.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Glomus intraradices, on the Growth, Photosynthesis and Phosphorus Content of Robinia pseudoacacia Seedlings Treated with Simulated Acid Rain (Glomus 내생균근균 접종이 인공산성우를 처리한 아까시나무 묘목의 생장, 광합성, 인 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Eun Ho;Lee, Kyung Joon;Lee, Kyu Hwa
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.95 no.6
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    • pp.735-742
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study was to elucidate the tolerance of woody plants to simulated acid rain in relation to mycorrhizal inoculation. Germinating seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia were planted in 1I pots with autoclaved soil mixture of vermiculite, sand and nursery soil at 1:1:1 ratio. Each pot was inoculated with both crushed root nodules from a wild tree of the same species and commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum of Glomus intraradices at the time of planting the seedlings. Simulated acid rains at pH 2.6, 3.6, 4.6, and 5.6 were made by mixing sulfuric acid and nitric acid at 3: 1 ratio. Each pot received nutrient solution without N and P, and was also supplied with 180 ml of the one pH level of the acid rains once a week for 50 days. The plants were grown in the green house. At the end of experimental period, plants were harvested to determine contents of chlorophyll, mineral nutrients and net photosynthesis in the tissues, dry weight of the plants, and mycorrhizal infection in the roots. Mycorrhizal infection rate was significantly reduced only at pH 2.6, which meant vitality of G intraradices was inhibited at extremely low pH. Height growth, dry weight production, nodule production and chlorophyll content were increased by mycorrhizal infection in all the pH levels except pH 3.6. Particularly, mycorrhizal inoculation increased root nodule production by 85% in pH 5.6 and 45% in 4.6 treatments. But the stimulatory effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on nodule production was reduced at pH 3.6 and 2.6. Net photosynthesis was increased by mycorrhizal infection in all the pH levels. The phosphorus(P) content in the tissues was increased by 43% in average by mycorrhizal inoculation, which was statistically significant except in pH 2.6. It was concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation of Robinia pseudoacacia would enhance growth and resistance of the plants to acid rain by improving the photosynthesis, phosphorus nutrition, and more nodule production.

Growth characteristic of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) based on Pulse Width modulation of artificial light sources with UV-A. (UV광원을 포함한 인공광원의 펄스폭 변조에 따른 적치마 상추의 생육특성)

  • Kwak, Su-Ji;Kwak, Eun-Ji;Lee, Hyun-Hee;Lee, Seung-Ki;Han, Jae-Woong;Jeon, Myung-Jin;Kim, Woong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2017.04a
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    • pp.123-123
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    • 2017
  • 식물공장 내 작물의 생육은 제공되는 인공광원의 광원 및 광질에 영향을 받으며, 광흡수 파장에 따라 다르다. 또한 광합성에 효과적인 형태의 빛의 계속적인 빛의 조사보다는 광 펄스를 조절하여 공급하여 준다면 더욱더 효과적인 생육 환경을 제공해 줄 수 있다. 식물의 최적 생장을 위해 특정 파장대의 빛을 선택적으로 조사할 수 있는 LED특성을 사용하여 UV광원을 포함한 인공광원의 펄스폭 변조에 따른 적치마 상추의 생육특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 광환경은 Red(660 nm), Blue(450 nm), UV(395 nm) LED를 8:1:1 비율로 광량 $160{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 주파수 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5.0 kHz로 조사하여 주었으며, 온도 $20{\sim}23^{\circ}C$, 습도 50~60%, $CO_2$농도 1,000 ppm으로 조성하여 주었다. 아시아종묘 적치마상추를 파종 후 18일 째 되는날 정식, 정식 후 14일 28일 째 되는날 SPAD, 지상부 지하부의 생체중 및 건물중, 엽폭, 엽장을 측정하였으며, 측정한 엽폭과 엽장을 이용하여 엽형지수 산출, 지상부 지하부 생체중 값을 이용하여 S/R율을 산출하였다. SPAD 측정결과 생육시기가 증가할수록 SPAD함량은 감소하였으며, 1.25와 2.5 kHz에서 생육 시기 증가에 대한 SPAD함량 감소가 컸고, 3.75와 5.0 kHz의 경우 SPAD함량의 감소량은 작았다. 지상부 생체중은 3.75 kHz에서 121.51 g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 2.5, 1.75, 5.0 kHz 순으로 높은 값을 나타났다. 지하부 생체중의 경우 3.75 kHz에서 31.31 g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며 2.5, 5.0, 1.25 kHz 순으로 높게 나타났다. 엽형지수는 생육 시기가 증가에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 1.75, 2.5, 5.0, 3.75 kHz 순으로 크게 나타났다. 지상부 건물중 측정결과는 지상부 생체중 결과와, 지하부 건물중의 측정결과는 지하부 생체중 결과와 동일하였다. S/R율은 1.75 kHz를 제외하고 생육시기가 증가할수록 S/R율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 주파수가 높아질수록 S/R율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 엽형지수는 엽폭/엽장으로 엽형지수를 산출한 결과로 값이 작을수록 엽폭이 넓은 형태를 의미하며, 생체중값이 가장 크게 나타났던 3.75 kHz에서 엽형지수의 값이 가장 낮게 나타났으며 3.75 kHz를 제외하고 주파수가 높을수록 엽형지수의 값이 낮게 나타났다. 이에 주파수에 따른 적상추의 생육은 3.75 kHz에서 가장 좋은 것으로 판단할 수 있었다.

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Practical Design of an Artificial Light-Used Plant Factory for Common Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) (인공광 이용형 Common Ice Plant 식물공장의 실용적 설계)

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Ju-Sung;Shin, Jong Hwa;Son, Jung Eek;Cho, Young Yeol
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.371-375
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to get the basic data to practically design an artificial light-used plant factory system for common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) cultivation. The adequate range of light intensity was $120-200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and the carbon fixed rates was $0.84nmolCO_2{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. When the planting density, light intensity, and yield were $0.0225m^2$ ($15{\times}15cm$), $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and 1,000 plants per day, the total number of the plants, cultivated area, and total light intensities were estimated as 25,000 plants, $563m^2$, and $140,625{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. About 153.2kW with 2,785 fluorescent lights (FL) needed for the electric power and the electricity charges was 2.46 million won for one month. At a harvest rate of 1,000 plants per day in closed-type plant factory, the light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost were 27.85, 83.56, and 100.27 million won, respectively. The production cost per plant including labor cost was calculated as 370 won, providing that the cultivation period was 25 days and marketable ratio was 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, incomes, and depreciation cost, the sales cost per plant could be estimated around 970 won or higher.

A Design and Implementation of Control and Management System for Water Culture Device using Solar Tracking Method (광원 트래킹 기법을 이용한 수경재배기 제어 관리 시스템 설계 및 구현)

  • Park, Sung-Kyun;Jung, Se-Hoon;Oh, Min-Joo;Sim, Chun-Bo;Park, Dong-Gook;You, Kang-Soo
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.231-242
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    • 2014
  • It is throwing the spotlight on the cultivation crops about high quality crops and productivity improvement per unit area because of rapid climate change caused by global warming. Therefore, we propose a water culture management of circulation nutrient method control system applies to solar tracking method not using traditional method of deep flow technique and artificial light source. We design it in the form of the circulation nutrient method in waterway of a certain amount of nutrient solution and water flowed into the way of circular. In addition, we design a multistage structure in pyramid shape which be possible continuous photosynthesis action to crops of water culture bottom part. Also, solar tracking method is designed five sensor method of center hole sensor method for tracking shadow of solar light not using traditional two hole, four hole sensor method. Finally, through the water culture device applies to solar light tracking method was not introduced in existing study yet, we can reduce growth speed of crops which be possible continuous photosynthesis action to crops. Moreover, We can expect high productivity of per unit area which be possible all crops can be offered growth environment of same type by using form of pyramid shape of multistage structure without top or bottom part.