• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

This study proposed a practical metaphor development process that consisted of three steps: 1) identifying major functions, 2) developing metaphor candidates, and 3) evaluating appropriateness of the candidates. In the first step, a total of 27 functions might be implemented in a driver information system (DIS) in the near future. Then, three metaphor candidates were selected from existing metaphors, which were reported to be more practical than others by previous studies. Finally, the candidates were evaluated on their appropriateness for driver information systems by using a quick and simple survey. As a result, two metaphors (a PC and a secretary) were identified as the most appropriate ones. The two metaphors can be used to design a variety of interfaces and interactions for driver information systems. In addition, the development process proposed in this study could be applied to developing metaphors for emerging devices with a variety of functions (e.g. PMPs, MP3s, and electronic dictionaries) as well as driver information systems.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

Kimchi refrigerator is a specific refrigerator for Kimchi, Korean traditional fermented food. It has been fast popularized since it was developed about ten years ago. In this study, a survey was conducted with 103 female voluntary respondents to understand the customer satisfaction of the Kimchi refrigerator in the aspect of physical use. The respondents showed a high satisfaction for the use of refrigerators. It was, however, shown that they felt highly uncomfortable in using the refrigerator. In particular, the high discomfort was related to the fact that the customer should bend her torso very much to put Kimchi containers into the refrigerator, take them out of it, or clean its inside. Seventy-five percent of the respondents reported the experience of body-part pains and 58.4% of them reported pain experience in the back. It is presumed that these results are highly correlated to the top-cover design of the refrigerator, which is the most popular type to improve its performance of maintaining proper temperature. Therefore, the developers should consider these usability problems related to the refrigerator and try to enhance its usability by adopting ergonomics in the design stage.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2012

Recently, the research on ICT (Information and Communication Technology), which cognizes and communicates human's emotion through information technology, is increasing. For instance, there are researches on phones and services that perceive users' emotions through detecting people's voices, facial emotions, and biometric data. In short, emotions which were used to be predicted only by humans are, now, predicted by digital equipment instead. Among many ICT researches, research on emotion recognition from face is fully expected as the most effective and natural human interface. This paper studies about sensitivity ICT and examines mechanism of facial expression recognition system as an example of sensitivity ICT.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

A combined PC and TV monitor has been developed in several companies. The characteristics of physical user interface in this monitor are likely to vary from existing monitors. Therefore, two experiments to investigate the physical interface characteristics of this monitor were conducted. The first experiment was to investigate the characteristics of color perception with monitor coating (coating vs. non-coating) and screen brightness (30fL vs. 35fL) in the PC mode. The second experiment was to investigate the characteristics of luminance contrast with monitor coating and image movement (static vs. dynamic) in the TV mode. Twenty-three subjects (male 12, female 11) were participated in this experiment. In the first experiment, average color temperatures were obtained in all experimental conditions. There was a significant difference between coating and non-coating screen at 0.1 level. In the second experiment, average luminance contrasts were obtained in all experimental conditions. There was a significant difference between coating and non-coating screen at 0.05 level. In addition, there was a significant difference between static picture and dynamic picture at 0.1 level.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2008

An estimated 1 billion mobile phone were sold globally in the year 2006. In Korea, people watch television 3.17 hours in a day. Television isn't what it used to be. Digital TV provides both interactivity and high definition. Mobile phone also transferred from 2G to 3G or 3.5G. This means the complexity of TV and mobile phone is increased, design of user interface is more difficult. Unlike the personal computer industry, TV and mobile phone industries have no standard user interface. A comparative study for user interface between TV and mobile phone is studied. User, task, system are analyzed in requirement analysis. User interface model and interaction are also analyzed between TV and mobile phone. This study provides some insights for user interface design. First, the UI designer have to consider another products because one user using one product at the same time using another products. Experience for one product affects that for another product. Second, TV and mobile phone show very similar pattern, especially interaction task and input interaction. Third, there are not sometimes optimized experience between service operator and device manufacturer. Cooperative design between them is required.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

This study focuses on the dimensions of tractor seat, which is one of the important link between the tractor and the operator based on ergonomic approach in the design process. 7 anthropometric data sets were introduced from Korean and US anthropometric database for adult male and female including length of buttock to back of knee (sitting), height of lowest point of shoulder blade (sitting), underside elbow height (sitting), and so on. Design factor for the tractor seat included dimensions of seating surface, dimensions of backrest surface, and the location of armrest. The shape of spinal curve and clothing correction should be also considered during the design process. The result of this study can be used as a guideline for the design process of tractor seat.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2003

This study describes a modification of the technique for human error analysis in nuclear power plants (NPPs) which adopts advanced Man-Machine Interface (MMI) features based on computerized working environment, such as LCOs. Flat Panels. Large Wall Board, and computerized procedures. Firstly, the state of the art on human error analysis methods and efforts were briefly reviewed. Human error analysis method applied to NPP design has been THERP and ASEP mainly utilizing Swain's HRA handbook, which has not been facilitated enough to put the varied characteristics of MMI into HRA process. The basic concepts on human errors and the system safety approach were revisited, and adopted the process of FMEA with the new definition of Error Segment (ESJ. A modified human error analysis process was suggested. Then, the suggested method was applied to the failure of manual pump actuation through LCD touch screen in loss of feed water event in order to verify the applicability of the proposed method in practices. The example showed that the method become more facilitated to consider the concerns of the introduction of advanced MMI devices, and to integrate human error analysis process not only into HRA/PRA but also into the MMI and interface design. Finally, the possible extensions and further efforts required to obtain the applicability of the suggested method were discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

To evaluate the usability of a Kimchi refrigerator, we performed an evaluation test that consisted of an experiment and a post-hoc questionnaire survey. In this study, we focused on the older women who have less physical and cognitive ability than younger women. In physical usability, there was no significant difference between the older and the younger subject group. However, there was some significant statistical difference in the results of cognitive usability test. When the subjects debriefed their operations after finishing the experiment, the all subjects in the older group reported the difficulties in identifying the labels and icons in the control panel and in understanding operation sequences. Also, they couldn't learn and remember the operation procedures well. Based on the analysis of the video protocols, some causes of the problems were found and then several improvement ideas were suggested.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2007

Brain computer interface is the technology of interface for next generation. Recently, user intention has been tried to be recognized for interfacing a computer. EEG plays important role in developing practical application in this area. Much research has focused on extracting EEG commander generated by human movement. ERD/ERS has generally accepted as important EEG parameters for prediction of human movement. However, There has been difference between initial movement indicated by ERD/ERS and real movement. Therefore, this study was to determine the time differences for brain interface by ERD/ERS. Five university students performed ten repetitive movements. ERD/ERS was determined according to movement execution and the significant pattern showed the difference between movement execution and movement indication of ERD/ERS.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.985-988
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• 2015

최근 다양한 ICT기술의 발전으로 인간의 사회, 문화, 교육 등의 많은 분야에 변화가 일어나고 있으며, 많은 기술들이 인간 삶의 영역에 적지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그 중에서도 인터넷 웹 표준 기술의 발전은 e-book 시장과 교육용 콘텐츠의 변화가 많을 것으로 예측하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 N-Screen 지원과 반응형 웹 기술 지원을 위한 3차원 상호작용기반의 e-book 콘텐츠 저작도구 플랫폼 설계를 연구하였으며, 6가지 영역의 상호작용 콘텐츠 개발이 웹 표준에 의해 저작될 수 있는 저작도구 모형을 연구 개발 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 e-book의 저작 형태는 웹 표준 기술 HTML5와 ePub3.0 표준을 기반으로 제작할 수 있도록 콘텐츠 플랫폼을 설계 하였으며, 사용자와의 상호작용, 시뮬레이션 등의 기능을 쉽고 빠르게 제작할 수 있는 사용자 인터페이스를 연구 적용하였다. 향후 본 연구의 결과로 전자책 산업 발전과 교육 분야의 활용 향상을 기대하고 있으며, 지식의 체계를 좀 더 다양하게 제공 할 수 있는 e-book 콘텐츠 연구의 원천이 되기를 기대한다.