• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인간 기술

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Digital watermarking algorithm for authentication and detection of manipulated positions in MPEG-2 bit-stream (MPEG-2비트열에서의 인증 및 조작위치 검출을 위한 디지털 워터마킹 기법)

  • 박재연;임재혁;원치선
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.378-387
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    • 2003
  • Digital watermarking is the technique that embeds invisible signalsincluding owner identification information, specific code, or pattern into multimedia data such as image, video and audio. Watermarking techniques can be classified into two groups; robust watermarking and fragile(semi-fragile) watermarking. The main purpose of the robust watermarking is the protection of copyright, whereas fragile(semi-fragile) watermarking prevents image or video data from illegal modifications. To achieve this goal watermark should survive from unintentional modifications such as random noise or compression, but it should be fragile for malicious manipulations. In this paper, an invertible semi-fragile watermarkingalgorithm for authentication and detection of manipulated location in MPEG-2 bit-stream is proposed. The proposed algorithm embeds two kinds of watermarks, which are embedded into quantized DCT coefficients. So it can be applied directly to the compressed bit-stream. The first watermark is used for authentication of video data. The second one is used for detection of malicious manipulations. It can distinguish transcodingin bit-stream domain from malicious manipulation and detect the block-wise locations of manipulations in video data. Also, since the proposed algorithm has an invertible property, recovering original video data is possible if the watermarked video is authentic.

A Study on the Makeup Trend of Digital Communication Environment (디지털 커뮤니케이션 환경의 메이크업 트렌드 연구)

  • Barng, Kee-Jung
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.23-36
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to make theoretical examinations into the makeup trend shown in digital communication environment and thereby determine potential associations of makeup trend with digital communication environment and characterize said trend, so that it can provide reference materials required for follow-up studies. This study comes to the following findings: First, it is found that there are sociocultural characteristics of digital communication environment, such as interactivity, technology-orientedness, sentiment-orientedness and mixture of time and space. Secondly, it is found that trends developed in makeup fall categorically into interactivity, virtuality, amusement and mobility. Thirdly, it is found that each type of digital communication adopts a mixture and juxtaposition of contemporary styles or categories with traditional ones through eclectic combination based on open-minded and horizontal ideas. Fourthly, it is found that a trend from digital communication environment doesn't coincide perfectly with any makeup trend, but the former trend works interactively and organically with the latter trend on the basis of homogeneity and similarity within a general framework that represents external esthetics of human being. With the creation of digital communication environment, our contemporary society forms as the complex phenomena of digital society in a combination and destruction of different categories beyond any certain international boundary, so that a hybrid tendency appears in contemporary makeup trend as well. Based on these findings, this study has its implications in the sense that it gives a new viewpoint based on design, formative characteristics and expression styles of makeup, and also provides useful reference materials for related industrial sectors.

Hemispheric Characteristics of Processing Hangul and Color (대뇌반구간 한글 단어처리와 색채처리 특성)

  • Han, Kwang-Hee;Kham, Kee-Taek
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 1994.11a
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 1994
  • 인간의 정보처리 과정의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 반구별로 색채와 단어의 처리과정을 분석하였다. 단어와 색깔이라는 두가지 자극 속성이 있는 한 개의 자극에 대하여 각 자극 속성에 대한 판단과정을 반응키를 이용하여 반구별로 알아보았다. 단어에 대한 판단과 색깔에 대한 판단을 반구별로 분석한 결과, 색깔처리나 단어처리에 있어서 반구간 비대칭성은 나타나지 않았으나 색깔에 대한 판단이 단어에 대한 판단보다 신속하게 이루어지는 것으로 나타나 색채가 단어보다 기초적인 자극 속성임을 확인하였다. 단어와 색깔이라는 두가지 자극 속성을 이용한 경우에 한가지 자극속성을 처리할 때 다른 자극속성이 자동적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나 그 정도에 있어서 반구간의 차이는 없었다. 그러나 색채가 단어처리를 간섭하는 정도가 단어가 색채처리를 간섭하는 정도보다 큰 것으로 나타나 기존의 스트룹 연구결과들과는 상반되는 결과를 얻었는데 이는 과제의 특성이라는 측면으로 기술되었다. 단어 처리에서 반구간 차이가 발견되지 않은 것은 한글의 시각적 특성과 관련지어 논의되었다. 자극의 한 속성이 자동적으로 다른 속성에 영향을 주지만 그 효과의 크기도 반구별로 차이가 없다는 것은 이전의 반구별 스트룹 효과를 알아본 연구들과 상반되는 결과이다. 따라서 자극속성이 상호영향을 줄 수 있는 좀더 일반적인 상황에서는 한 자극 속성이 다른 자극 속성의 처리에 자동적으로 영향을 주는 효과에서 반구 비대칭성이 발견되지 않으며 스트룹 효과는 두 자극 속성의 관계가 밀접한 특별한 경우에 나타나는 반구비대칭성 효과인 것으로 논의되었다.양 발생과 유의적으로 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 phenol의 종류에 상관없이 식이 phenol에 조직의 항산화(산화억제)를 통해 암 예방(cancer prevention)에 영향을 미친다는 것을 제시해준다.물을 첨가하여 물내리기를 한 후 김이 오른 후 물내린 쌀가루에 15% 이상의 설탕을 첨가하여 20분간 쪄서 만든 백설기가 가장 바람직하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 실험 중 가장 중요한 조건은 첨가하는 물의 양이 10%이며 첨가하는 당이 설탕일 경우는 김이 오른 후 설탕을 섞어 바로 쪄야 하며 설탕의 양이 15% 이상이라는 것이다. 이 조건은 대체적으로 hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess가 큰 수치를 나타낸다.순구조의 Tonpilz형 초음파 변환기와 비교하여 비록 송파전압감도에 있어서는 약 5 dB 정도의 음향출력의 손실이 불가피하지만, 그 대신 주파수 대역폭을 약 5 재 정도 확대시킬 수 있는 장점이 있기 때문에 이 넓은 주파수 대역을 효과적으로 활용하면 어종식별을 위한 음향산란신호를 정량적으로 수집 및 평가하는 것이 가능하다고 판단된다.n A was 11 ug.이, 0.9 ug/g and 3.7 ug/g in the blood, liver and kidney, respectively.sional-managerial who secure the higher autonomy and stability in their work have the highest life chance in the labor and health, and leisure life

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Genome-wide Copy Number Variation in a Korean Native Chicken Breed (한국 토종닭의 전장 유전체 복제수변이(CNV) 발굴)

  • Cho, Eun-Seok;Chung, Won-Hyong;Choi, Jung-Woo;Jang, Hyun-Jun;Park, Mi-Na;Kim, Namshin;Kim, Tae-Hun;Lee, Kyung-Tai
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.305-311
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    • 2014
  • Copy number variation (CNV) is a form of structural variation that shows various numbers of copies in segments of the DNA. It has been shown to account for phenotypic variations in human diseases and agricultural production traits. Currently, most of chicken breeds in the poultry industry are based on European-origin breeds that have been mostly provided from several international breeding companies. Therefore, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA has been trying to restore and improve Korean native chicken breeds (12 lines of 5 breeds) for about 20 years. Thanks to the recent advance of sequencing technologies, genome-wide CNV can be accessed in the higher resolution throughout the genome of species of interest. However, there is no systematic study available to dissect the CNV in the native chicken breed in Korea. Here, we report genome-wide copy number variations identified from a genome of Korean native chicken (Line L) by comparing between the chicken reference sequence assembly (Gallus gallus) and a de novo sequencing assembly of the Korean native chicken (Line L). Throughout all twenty eight chicken autosomes, we identified a total of 501 CNVs; defined as gain and loss of duplication and deletion respectively. Furthermore, we performed gene ontology (GO) analysis for the putative CNVs using DAVID, leading to 68 GO terms clustered independently. Of the clustered GO terms, genes related to transcription and gene regulation were mainly detected. This study provides useful genomic resource to investigate potential biological implications of CNVs with traits of interest in the Korean native chicken.

Comparison of Differences in Subcortical between Men and Women in their Seventies (70대의 성별에 따른 피질하부 차이 비교)

  • Ahn, Beyung-Ju;Park, Hye-Mi;Kim, Joo-Yeon;Lee, Jeong-hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.585-595
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    • 2020
  • Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has become an important technique for examining changes in human brain structure with neurological disorders. Brain development is a very complex process, and is affected by neurogenesiss and genetic programs. As age increases, structures of the brain change, which can contribute to the formation of brain diseases. Among the various factors, Gender is one of the greatest influential factors that affect the development of a healthy brain. The images were analyzed through various programs found in FSL such as SIENAX, FIRST, and Vertex analysis. Our results show that significant gender-related differences in subcortical areas were observed at the particular age group. The magnitude of these differences between gender and volume varied depending on the area investigated. In this study, we used more advanced 3T MRI for the structural analysis of subcortical structures between each gender. In addition, Vertex Analysis was used to visualize the volumetric differences in subcortical structures between each gender. This study is limited to groups in their 70s, therefore, further studies are needed for wider age groups.

The Analysis of Contents on Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) in Middle School Home Economics Textbooks : Focused on the Units of 'Adolescence Consumption Life' (지속가능발전교육(ESD)을 위한 중학교 기술·가정 교과서 가정생활 영역 분석 연구 - 청소년의 소비 생활 단원을 중심으로 -)

  • Ju, Sueun
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.79-93
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzes the middle school Home Economics textbook's 'Adolescence consumption life' unit using framework of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) to examine correlation with the current Home Economics ESD, and aims to provide the base data for the composition of the educational curriculum that can help the students cultivate the capability for leading sustainable life from the future oriented perspective and for the selection of educational contents. This study analyzes the 'Adolescence consumption life' unit in the Home Economics textbook of the 12 type revised curriculum of 2009. As for the analysis method, Romey's content analysis method is used to carry out in-depth analysis of the ESD content elements. The analysis demonstrates the following. First, content elements extracted commonly from the 'Adolescence consumption life' unit are analyzed with the ESD's criteria of analysis (environment, economic and social domain), which led to the composition with the sub content elements following 23 related topics. Secondly, content elements of 12 types of Home Economics textbook's 'Adolescence consumption life' unit used in middle school are analyzed in three domains, which led to social domain (68%), economic domain (58%) and environmental domain (40%) in the order mentioned. This focused on the role of the Adolescent-consumer on the active consumer that is presented in the 2009 revised educational curriculum, and it is possible to see that this is very closely related to the right to organize and to be active in terms of the human safety, consumption culture, social interest and group.

Comparison Between South and North Korean Terminologies in Child and Family Domains of Family Life Education (남북한 가정생활교육 관련용어 비교분석 - 아동·가족분야를 중심으로 -)

  • Lim, JungHa;Chung, SoonHwa;Song, Jieun
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.61-78
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in terminologies used in child and family domains of family life education in South and North Korea. The terminologies relevant to child and family domains in North Korea were selected from various sources including dictionaries that are developed to compare South-North Korean languages, reports and websites by ministry of unification in South Korea, magazines and news articles about North Korean daily life. The collected terminologies were analyzed using the content criteria on core concepts, 'development' and 'relations' from the 2015 proclamation of the ministry of education on home economics curriculum. The major differences between the two Koreas were as follows: first, the terms categorized under human development were more divergent compared to the terms categorized under family relations. Specifically, there were big differences in terminologies in the love and marriage section, the life and labor in pregnancy section in human development and the child caring section in family relations. Second, dissimilar terms were more frequently appeared in content area of kinship, marriage, and child-rearing. Third, the discrepancies of terms between the two Koreas were brought about primarily by differences in political and social system, language refinement, and transcription techniques. These findings including the terminology list would be a practical resources providing for students to familiarize with the differences in the usage of terms and for teachers to develop a home economics educational program in provision of reunification of the Koreas.

A Study on the Legal and Systemic Aspect of Aviation Accident Investigation Organization -Focusing on the Improvement Method- (항공사고조사기구(航空事故調査機構)에 관한 법적(法的) 제도적(制度的) 고찰(考察) -개선방안(改善方案)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Yoo, Kyung-In;Kim, Maeng-Sern
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.109-139
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    • 2004
  • The first successful sustained powered flight by Wright Brothers was further extended to the rapid development of aviation technology, that led to transpacific flights, the invention of supersonic planes, and enabled hundreds of people to travel in the space, in addition to the fact that around 10 people had stepped on the moon, all of which were made possible within the very same century. However, on the back side of this most wondrous human technology, the vulnerableness to the aviation accident has been constantly accompanied with, right from the very beginning stage of the aircraft development. Moreover, the development of future aircraft is being focused on the aircraft performance, the increment of the number of passengers aboard and also its speed. In proportion to these phenomena of mega sizing the aircraft, the development of new technology and the increment of air traffic volume, the number of aviation accident is expected to augment, resulting in the enormous loss of human lives and properties. In order to prevent the disastrous aviation accident as such, it is essential to conduct the accident investigation in a specialized, systematic and scientific manner. In search for the method to attain the effective function of the aviation accident investigation organization, in this study, issues were examined as follows: The full-time Board Members and the establishment of an integrated investigation agency, The systematized security of status as an accident investigator, Inclusion of a human factors specialist in the investigator group organization, liability limit of an accident investigator Stipulation of the definition and the investigation scope of an accident and serious incident, along with the main body of conducting the investigation into the accident involving both civil and public aircraft, in the regulations related to the accident investigation.

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An Analysis of Panel Data on the Web-accessibility Policies of Local Governments in Korea (우리나라 웹 접근성 정책 영향요인 분석 - 16개 광역자치단체 패널데이터를 중심으로 -)

  • JIN, Sangki;HYUN, Joonho
    • Informatization Policy
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.42-58
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    • 2011
  • This paper starts from one question: what are the key factors of the web accessibility policy, which is significant for realizing equity in the web and enhancing human dignity in the information society. To find significant factors for complying with web accessibility, this paper analyzes panel data of 16 Korean local governments (for five years: 2004-2009) according to the research design which is based on the demand and supply balance model and consists of four variables : 'legal and institutional environment (including legal infrastructure)', 'financial foundation (fiscal self-reliance ratio)', 'policy inputs (amount of imformatization budget, employee of information experts)'and 'policy demand (internet usage rate, the number of disabled people and elderly people)'. From the results of this study, this paper can explain the mechanism and impact factors on the web accessibility policy of Korean local governments. Some factors are critical to improve web accessibility: (1) the importance of policy demand, (2) the importance of policy inputs, (3) the importance of legal and institutional environment. Finally, this paper concludes with some suggestions to enhance the web accessibility capacity for Korean local governments: (1) improve awareness on web accessibility, (2) develop a standard and invest R&D on web accessibility, (3) foster experts in web accessibility.

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Speech Recognition for the Korean Vowel 'ㅣ' based on Waveform-feature Extraction and Neural-network Learning (파형 특징 추출과 신경망 학습 기반 모음 'ㅣ' 음성 인식)

  • Rho, Wonbin;Lee, Jongwoo;Lee, Jaewon
    • KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2016
  • With the recent increase of the interest in IoT in almost all areas of industry, computing technologies have been increasingly applied in human environments such as houses, buildings, cars, and streets; in these IoT environments, speech recognition is being widely accepted as a means of HCI. The existing server-based speech recognition techniques are typically fast and show quite high recognition rates; however, an internet connection is necessary, and complicated server computing is required because a voice is recognized by units of words that are stored in server databases. This paper, as a successive research results of speech recognition algorithms for the Korean phonemic vowel 'ㅏ', 'ㅓ', suggests an implementation of speech recognition algorithms for the Korean phonemic vowel 'ㅣ'. We observed that almost all of the vocal waveform patterns for 'ㅣ' are unique and different when compared with the patterns of the 'ㅏ' and 'ㅓ' waveforms. In this paper we propose specific waveform patterns for the Korean vowel 'ㅣ' and the corresponding recognition algorithms. We also presents experiment results showing that, by adding neural-network learning to our algorithm, the voice recognition success rate for the vowel 'ㅣ' can be increased. As a result we observed that 90% or more of the vocal expressions of the vowel 'ㅣ' can be successfully recognized when our algorithms are used.