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Digital watermarking algorithm for authentication and detection of manipulated positions in MPEG-2 bit-stream  

박재연 (서울통신기술(주))
임재혁 (동국대학교 전자공학과)
원치선 (동국대학교 전자공학과)
Publication Information
Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP / v.40, no.5, 2003 , pp. 378-387 More about this Journal
Abstract
Digital watermarking is the technique that embeds invisible signalsincluding owner identification information, specific code, or pattern into multimedia data such as image, video and audio. Watermarking techniques can be classified into two groups; robust watermarking and fragile(semi-fragile) watermarking. The main purpose of the robust watermarking is the protection of copyright, whereas fragile(semi-fragile) watermarking prevents image or video data from illegal modifications. To achieve this goal watermark should survive from unintentional modifications such as random noise or compression, but it should be fragile for malicious manipulations. In this paper, an invertible semi-fragile watermarkingalgorithm for authentication and detection of manipulated location in MPEG-2 bit-stream is proposed. The proposed algorithm embeds two kinds of watermarks, which are embedded into quantized DCT coefficients. So it can be applied directly to the compressed bit-stream. The first watermark is used for authentication of video data. The second one is used for detection of malicious manipulations. It can distinguish transcodingin bit-stream domain from malicious manipulation and detect the block-wise locations of manipulations in video data. Also, since the proposed algorithm has an invertible property, recovering original video data is possible if the watermarked video is authentic.
Keywords
watermarking; authentication; semi-fragile watermarking; invertible; transcoding;
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