• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-87
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• 2016

With broad individual variability in social communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorders and increasing focus on interventions targeting social communication of this population, there is a need for systematic analysis of how social communication outcomes are measured. This study aimed to systematically analyze the measurement tools used in the music therapy interventions for improving social communication of children with ASD. Electronic databases and music therapy journals were searched for controlled studies published between 1980 and 2015. A total of 21 studies were included for the analysis. The results demonstrated that direct observation of behaviors was the most frequently used and the combination of targeted social communication areas and specific measurements used for a specific skill varied among the studies. In addition, 90.4% of studies reported interrater reliability. These results indicate that there has been a diversity in approaches to measure social communication skills despite increasing attempts for systematic measurements. In consideration of the nature of social communication development in children with ASD, multifaceted strategy to understand and assess the target skills in terms of specific behavior acquisition, social functioning in general, and social cognition was recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.233-244
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of balance control in moving surround using head mount device and force platform and to examine the clinical usefulness of COP parameters. Fifteen patients with stroke and healthy persons were participated. COP parameters were obtained as total path distance, frequency of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral component by FFT analysis, weight-spectrum analysis in the two different conditions; (1) in comfortable standing with opened or closed eyes, (2) in virtual moving surround delivered using HMD to four different moving pattern. In virtual moving surround setting, moving pattern was composed of close-far, superior-inferior tilting(pitch), right-left tilting(roll) and horizontal rotation(yaw) movement. In all parameters, the reliebility of COP analysis system was significantly high. Also, the construct validity compared between fifteen patients with stroke and normal persons was excellent in virtual moving surround condition(p

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

The human voice is one of the easiest methods for the information transmission between human beings. The characteristics of voice can vary from person to person and include the speed of speech, the form and function of the vocal organ, the pitch tone, speech habits, and gender. The human voice is a key element of human communication. In the days of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, voices are also a major means of communication between humans and humans, between humans and machines, machines and machines. And for that reason, people are trying to communicate their intentions to others clearly. And in the process, it contains various additional information along with the linguistic information. The Information such as emotional status, health status, part of trust, presence of a lie, change due to drinking, etc. These linguistic and non-linguistic information can be used as a device for evaluating the individual's credit worthiness by appearing in various parameters through voice analysis. Especially, it can be obtained by analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of the fundamental frequency(basic tonality) of the vocal cords, and the characteristics of the resonance frequency of the vocal track.In the previous research, the necessity of various methods of credit evaluation and the characteristic change of the voice according to the change of credit status were studied. In this study, we propose a personal credit discriminator by machine learning through parameters extracted through voice.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구과학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.88-89
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• 2010

최근 인간의 활동범위와 영역이 확대되고 산업이 발전하면서 인간의 삶과 지속가능한 발전 등 도시 기후에 관한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 산업혁명 이후 도시화와 산업화로 인해 인구가 증가하고 도시지역으로 집중됨으로써 도시 열섬화 현상에 대한 도시환경문제가 부각되고 있다. 이는 최근까지도 도시개발에 있어서 기능과 효율성이 우선시 되어 도시기후에 대한 배려가 이루어지지 못하고 있으며, 오히려 과도한 냉난방을 가동하는 등 쾌적한 실내 환경 조성을 위한 노력만을 행해왔다. 도시화에 따른 도시의 열환경 구조의 변화는 토지이용의 변화에 따른 피복상태와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 연구들이 수행된 바 있다. 이렇듯 도시화가 진행됨에 따라서 도심 지표면을 덮고 있는 포장재도 변하고 있다. 대표적인 토지피복재로는 콘크리트와 아스팔트 등의 인공포장재, 수계, 삼림 등으로 크게 나누어 볼 수 있다. 최근 도심의 발달로 인해 도심의 표면은 점차 인공포장재인 아스팔트와 콘크리트로 덮여지고 있다. 인공포장재는 맑은 여름철 낮에 받아들인 열을 야간에도 머금고 있어 도시열섬현상의 주요원인이 된다. 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 토지이용형태가 변화하고 있으며 이러한 토지피복의 변화는 그 지역의 기온과 풍향, 풍속뿐만 아니라 지표온도도 변화시키므로 도시 열환경 구조에 적지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다. 과거에는 자연 환경과 도시공간에 대한 인식이 다른 분야로 나누어져서 다루었지만 현재 위성영상 기술의 발달로 많은 공간 정보를 파악할 수 있게 된 바 도시기후변화에 더욱 직접적이고 근본적인 접근이 쉬워졌다. 원격탐사기법의 활용은 위성자료를 이용하여 동시간대 평면적인 열구조를 정량적으로 파악하는데에 중요한 자료를 제공하여 도시지역을 덮고 있는 인공자재의 존재가 도시열섬의 형성과 밀접하게 연관이 있다는 사실을 짐작할 수 있다. 따라서 도시기후변화의 문제점을 더욱 적극적으로 해결하기 위해서는 토지이용에 따른 지표면 온도 상승의 현황을 파악하고 이를 저감 시킬 수 있는 대책들이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구는 보다 세분화된 도시 열환경을 정량적으로 분석 평가하기 위해서 토지피복별 분류를 3가지로 대구시 중구 경북대학교 부속 고등학교(이하 사대부고 지점)를 도심지역으로, 경상남도 창녕군 창녕읍 우포늪(이하 우포지점)을 수계지점으로, 경상북도 안동시 길안면 만음리(이하 안동지점) 지점과 대구시 칠곡군 동명면 득명리 팔공산 한티재 도립공원(이하 팔공지점)을 산림으로 분류하여 연구하였다. 대구 계명대학교 기후환경연구실에서 보유하고 있는 AWS(Automatic Weather Station) 자료로 기상요소를 분석하였으며, MODIS Terra 위성영상을 이용하여 지표온도를 추출하고 분석하였다. 또 기상요소와 지표온도를 이용해 회귀식을 도출하여 추정기온을 산출하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 계절에 따른 기온의 시간변화는 여름의 평균기온이 $25.13^{\circ}C$와 $24.12^{\circ}C$로 사대지점과 우포지점의 평균기온이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 도심에서 발생되는 인공열의 영향으로, 우포지점은 수계의 특징이 반영된 결과라 할 수 있다. 둘째, 계절에 따른 풍속의 시간변화는 여름의 경우 우포지점의 풍속이 1.63m/s로 가장 높은 반면 안동지점의 풍속이 0.27m/s로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 겨울의 경우 팔공지점의 풍속이 1.82m/s로 가장 높게 나타났다. 토지피복에 따른 지표면의 변화가 도시기후에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고, 또 지표면 온도와 기온과의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 MODIS 위성 영상을 이용하여 세 지점을 대상으로 토지피복에 따른 열환경을 평가 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도는 여름철 주간에 안동지점의 경우 주변지역에 비해 지표면 온도가 약 $26^{\circ}C$로 낮게 나타났으며 우포지점의 경우 수계가 가지는 열 완충능력으로 약 $27^{\circ}C$의 낮은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 사대지점의 경우 약 $34^{\circ}C$이상의 높은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 둘째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도와 관측된 기온과의 회귀식을 도출하여 상관분석 한 결과, 모든 지점의 값에서 상관성 및 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상관분석의 결과를 통하여 추정한 기온은 지표면 온도와의 차이가 있지만 유사한 패턴의 결과로 추출되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 도시의 인공자재를 이용한 건축과 개발이 도시열섬현상을 유발하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문의 연구결과를 바탕으로 도시계획에 있어서 인공구조물에 의한 기온과 풍속이 받는 영향을 고려하여 도심의 인공구조물의 배치나 자재에 대한 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이며 열교환의 방해 및 바람순환이 확보되는 구조로 개선되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the influence of engagement of augmented reality game on immersion. The relationship between engagement and flow was examined through the mediating effects of emotional attachment and focus of attention on presence and the mediating effects of presence on flow. In order to verify the research hypothesis, online questionnaire was conducted with the consent of $Pok\acute{e}mon$ Go game user group. The questionnaire items were translated from the Augmented Reality Immersion Questionnaire. A total of 200 questionnaires were collected and used for analysis. Using the SPSS 23.0 program and the Mplus 7.0 program, the reliability of the scale was confirmed through the Cronbach's coefficient and the causal relationship and the mediating effects were verified by path analysis. As a result, there was no direct causal relationship between engagement and flow. However, causal relationship was evident when emotional attachment and focus of attention were mediated in the process of engagement in augmented reality game. In conclusion, systematic explanations of participant's emotional attachment and attentional state as a main factor in the process of participating in the augmented reality game involvement, reveal the elements to be noticed by the augmented reality game.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2012

This study is conducted to analyse the process and the pattern of motivation for musical expression in clinical music therapy for the adults in the mental health center. The participant were 8 adults purposive sampling who had more than one year music therapy experience in the mental health center and their age ranged from 27 to 53. A major category derived and analysed from the grounded theory method by Strauss and Corbin. The qualitative analysis indicated that motivation for musical expression in music therapy, which was the central phenomenon in this study, was determined by the music therapist and songs used in the sessions. The central phenomenon was caused by the therapist's friendly attitude, high musical capacity, the familarity of the selected songs and the significancy of the lyrics of selected songs. The levels of reliability about the therapist's personality and musical ability as a professional music therapist and the positive arousal of the songs used in sessions affected as the contextual condition. Spontaneous musical expression in music therapy brought the escape from reality, release of stress and sharing by the intervening condition 'empathy' and this resulted in mood regulation, the instillation of hope and group cohesion. It has been found that there were three types of motivation in music therapy: intrinsic motivation, relationship dependent extrinsic motivation and evasive motivation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2005

This study was accomplished in order to collect fundamental data on microbial roles in recycling process of reed rhizosphere. Sunchon bay, which is considered as one of the marsh and mud environments severely affected by human activities such agriculture and fisheries, was selected as a model place. In our initial efforts, two bacterial consortia were obtained by enrichment culture using PAH mixtures containing anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as the sources of carbon and energy, and four pure bacteria capable of rapid degradation of PAH were isolated from them. Four strains designated as SCB1, SCB2, SCB6, and SCB7 revealed by morphological, physiological and molecular analyses were identified as Burkholderia anthina, Alcaligenes sp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans., and Pseudomonas putida, respectively with over $99{\%}$ confidence. Notably, Burkholderia anthina SCB1 and Alcaligenes sp. SCB2 were found to utilize anthracene and pyrene more quickly than naphthalene and phenanthrene, whereas Achromobacter xylosoxidans SCB6 and Pseudomonas putida SCB7 exhibited similar growth and degradation patterns except for pyrene. These facts suggest that the rhizosphere microorganisms capable of PAH degradation might be used to clean up the contamination sites with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.239-263
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• 2013

This research was carried out in order to develop and validate the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale for Mentally Disabled Persons, which measures the working relationship between a mentally disabled person and his or her case manager. The first step taken to develop this scale was to construct sample items for the Working Relationship Scale using literature research and three focus group interviews of mentally disabled persons who use local mental health services. Secondly, mentally disabled people were surveyed with these sample items and two professors from the department of social work who specialize in mental health social work and two licensed mental health social workers working in the community mental health field reviewed these sample items to select and compile a final version of the scale. Lastly, the scale's reliability and validity was verified through an empirical study of 569 mentally disabled persons who surveyed the final selection of items. An explanatory factor analysis showed that the sample items can be grouped into three factors. Factor 1 is 'Professional Contribution Factor,' which is related to the professional practice of the case manager; Factor 2 is 'Negative Working Relationship Factor'; and Factor 3 is 'Emotional Bond Factor,' which measures the intimacy between the case manager and the mentally disabled person. A confirmatory analysis of the three-factor format that was discovered in the explanatory factor analysis was carried out with the rest of the randomly divided data, which showed that the model demonstrated a goodness-of-fit. The convergence validity between similar concepts appeared to be appropriate as well. Based on these results, the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale for Mentally Disabled Persons consisting of a final 33 items is developed and proposed and its implications in social work are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.295-332
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• 2017

The main purpose of this research is to analyze stress, social support and coping behavior of adults based on their level of self-efficacy. A total of 899 adults (399 male; 500 female), each with a child attending either elementary and secondary school, participated in the study. The inter-rater reliability for the open-ended questionnaire utilized in the study was 93.4%, with a Kappa coefficient of .92. The range of Cronbach α for the variables measured through a quantitative method was .87~.92. The results were as follows: First, the representative responses to the question about their most painful stress experiences were, financial difficulties, child rearing and duties of workplace. The Lower Efficacy group, compared to the Upper Efficacy group, responded much more with financial difficulties related responses. There were significant differences in the level of stress symptoms according to level of self-efficacy. The Lower Efficacy group expressed stronger levels of stress symptoms when compared to the Upper Efficacy group. Second, in terms of social support, the participants responded that they received the most help from their family members, followed by none(self), and friends. When comparing the two efficacy groups, the Upper Efficacy group responded most frequently that they received social support from their family members, whereas the Lower Efficacy group indicated none. There were significant differences in the level of relational conflicts according to the level of self-efficacy. The Upper Efficacy group showed much less conflict in parent-child relations, spousal relations and relations with their boss, compared to the Lower Efficacy group. Third, for the type of social support participants received, the most frequent response was emotional support, followed by none, and advice. Relatively, when comparing the two groups with each other, the Lower Efficacy group responded more frequently with none, whereas for the Upper Efficacy group responded more frequently with advice. There were significant differences in the amount of emotional support received according to level of self-efficacy. The Upper Efficacy group received much more emotional support from their spouses and their bosses compared to the Lower Efficacy group. Fourth, the most frequently adopted coping style to stress was self-regulation, followed by direct problem solving, and nothing(none). The most frequent response for the Upper Efficacy group was direct problem solving, whereas for the Lower Efficacy group was nothing(none). There was a significant difference in coping efficiency to stress according to level of self-efficacy. The Upper Efficacy group coped more efficiently with stress than the Lower Efficacy group.

• Archives of design research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2001

With the rapid development of current internet, digital age make human beings intangible. Haptic sense was recognized less important than visual sense and auditory sense, but it plays an important role in determining the quality of products. The goals of this study are embodying haptics using Visual and Auditory preception and designing Visual-Auditory Haptic interface, in the case of actual touching is required but impossible. This study was carried out 3 steps. Firstly, developing the concept of Visual-Auditory Haptic Interface(VAHI) was carried out to make it certain the direction of this study. To get common factors of VAHI, this study researched physical-mechanism of visual, auditory, and haptics senses, and psychological-mechanism. Secondly, identifying factors of V/A haptic sense was analysed by web-evaluation test, to be categorized 11 Emotional Haptic Factors(EHF) and some Design Haptic Factors(DHF). The relation of EHF and DHF was analysed and summarized to VAHI design check sheet. Finally, Applying DHF to VAHI by EHF according to VAHI design check sheet was validated by web-evaluation test, to be resulted 13% increase in reliability and the same in usability. Conclusively, the possibility of embodying haptics using Visual and Auditory preception was resulted to be valid. And this concept can be applied to an interface, such a internet shopping mall and virtual reality, which requires actual touching to perceive haptic information, but it is impossible.