• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

Previous resarch demonstrated that moral judgment is not an outcome of rational reasoning, but an independent variable determined by diverse factors. The effects of disgust on moral harshness, audience effect on moralistic punishment are some examples that support this view. The variability of moral judgment raises a question on what effects video stimuli might have on moral judgments. Although a few studies (Schnall, Roper, & Fessler, 2010) have shown that watching a prosocial video clip promote moral behavior, no research have simultaneously tested the effects of both positive and negative video clips on moral (not bahavior but) judgments. Hence, this research tested the effects of viewing videos about good and evil on moral judgments regarding the self and others. To this end, participants were asked to view a video clip depicting content of either positive or negative human behavior and required to make moral judgments on conduct described in a scenario assuming that the person committing the act was either themselves or another person. The results showed significant effects of both video contents (positive, negative) and the actor (self, others) on moral judgments, but they were qualified by the interaction between the two. In particular, participants who watched evil deed of others made harsher judgments on others' moral transgression. Theses results demonstrate that video contents influence moral judgments, and the effect depends on the actor of the immoral behavior. In general discussion, we interpreted the results based on moral disgust, framing effect, and fundamental attribution error.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.157-174
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• 2019

Motivation of human individuals to perform on intellectual tasks can be hampered by identity threat from intellectual machines. A laboratory experiment examined whether individuals' performance loss on intellectual tasks appears under human identity threat. Additionally, by affirming alternative attributes of human identity, researchers checked whether group-affirmation alleviate the performance loss on intellectual tasks. This research predicted that under high social identity threat, individuals' performance loss on the intellectual tasks would be moderated by valuing alternative attributes of human identity. Experiment shows that when social identity threat is increased, human individuals affirmed alternative human attributes show higher performance on intellectual tasks than individuals non-affirmed. This effect of human-group level affirmation on performance loss did not appear in the condition of low social identity threat. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2019

This paper studies impact fracture behavior under temperature variation and compressive flexural strength of cement composites using VAE(vinyl acetate ethylene) powder polymer and PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) fiber. Impact test were conducted in the temperature range selected for the $-35^{\circ}C$, $0^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. In this experimental study, impact test were carried out using a drop impact testing machine (Ceast 9350) to obtain such as displacement, time, and impact fracture energy of normal specimen and and cement composites specimen. As test results, the use of VAE powder polymer and PVA fiber were observed to enhance the flexural strength of mortar. The compressive strength of PVA fibers reinforced cement composites was slightly decreased at 28 days, but the flexural strength was observed to increase 24.4% of normal mortar strength. As a result of the drop impact tests, PVA fiber reinforced cement composites specimens showed microcracks due to energy dispersion and crack prevention with bridge effect of the fibers, and scabbing or perforation by impact was suppressed. On the other hand, the normal mortar and VAE powder polymer cement composites specimens were carried out to the perforation and macro crack. Most of normal mortar and the cement composites subjected to impact load on specimens shows mostly local brittle failure. The impact resistant performance of the specimen with PVA fiber was greatly improved due to the increase of flexure performance.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2019

This study was conducted to understand factors affecting TSS and heavy metals transport on the road, parking lot and roof. During storm events, heavy metals, which were mostly attached to TSS, were also transported when TSS was washed off in the road, parking lot and roof. This finding may be supported by the significant correlations between TSS load and total and soluble heavy metals load including Cr, Fe, Cu, and Pb (Pearson r value: 0.52 to 0.73; probability p value<0.01). Generation and transport of TSS and heavy metals were greater in the road and parking lot compared to the roof due to vehicular activities, slope and greater catchment areas of these sites. It was found that TSS transport during peak flows of storm events ranges from 65% to 75% implying that by controlling peak flows, TSS transportation to nearby water bodies may be decreased. Depending on the target TSS and heavy metal reduction, sizing of low impact development (LID) technologies and green infrastructures (GI) such as infiltration trench, tree box filter, and rain garden may be calculated. Future researchers were recommended to assess the limitations of the systems and determine the design considerations for these types of facilities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Recently, Low impact development techniques, a form of nature-based solutions (NBS), were seen cost-efficient alternatives that can be utilized as alternatives for conventional stormwater management practices. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an infiltration trench (IT) and a small constructed wetland (SCW) in treating urban stormwater runoff. Long-term monitoring data were observed to assess the seasonal performance and cite the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing the facilities. Analyses revealed that the IT has reduced performance during the summer season due to higher runoff volumes that exceeded the facility's storage volume capacity and caused the facility to overflow. On the other hand, the pollutant removal efficiency of the SCW was impacted by the winter season as a result of dormant biological activities. Sediment data also indicated that fine and medium sand particles mostly constituted the trapped sediments in the pretreatment and media zones. Sediments in SCW exhibited a lower COD and TN load due to the phytoremediation and microbiological degradation capabilities of the system. This study presented brief comparison LID facilities equipped with pre-treatment zones. The identified factors that can potentially affect the performance of the systems were also beneficial in establishing metrics on the utilization of similar types of nature-based stormwater management practices.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

This study confirms reinforcing effect of geosynthetics in the use of soil at higher water contents as a compaction material on compaction tests, field compaction tests, and numerical analysis. To verify a confined effect, a large mold(area ratio of rammer / mold = 0.19) larger than D compaction mold(area ratio of rammer / mold = 0.33) was performed for compaction. It showed that in the D compaction test, dry density were 0.5~0.6% increases and in the compaction test using the large mold, it were 2.4~3.7% increases at high water contents. It shows that when the area of compacted area is large enough, a confined effect could be arising from the reinforcement of geosynthetics even at high water contents. As a result of analyzing of compaction effects according to 'depth(z/B) from compacted surface' in the field, when not reinforced, the compaction state deteriorated due to the over-compaction and the compaction did not work well. However, when reinforcement of geosynthetics, restraint effect by geosynthetics occurs, it is confirmed that the compaction energy is effectively transferred to the compaction layer and the dry density is increased. Also, through the conceptual model of the behavior of geosynthetic and soil layer, the mechanism in the ground due to reinforcement of geosynthetics is presented and it is verified through finite element analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.182-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of school forest activities program on elementary students' science process skill and attitude toward science to make suggestions to help develop and extend the program. The subjects of the study were 49 students of two classes. One class of 24 students, experimental class, took developed 10 periods of school forest activities program. While the other class of 25 students, comparative class, took ordinary teacher driven periods using photo materials and study papers. Before and after the program, pre and post test were done. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the school forest activities program didn't have a meaningful effect on students' science process skill. Second, the school forest activities program had a meaningful effect on the improvement of students' attitude toward science. From the interview with experimental class, we could know that students had a favorable impression and high satisfaction level about the activities program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of creative product performance on scientific attitude, scientific self efficacy and creative problem solving ability of science-gifted elementary students. The subjects of the study were 20 students who were enrolled in science-gifted class of G elementary school. 8 period lessons of the creative product performance were given to the students after simulated creative product performance lessons. Pre and post tests were done before and after executing lessons to assess the change of students' scientific attitude, scientific self efficacy and creative problem solving ability. The findings and results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, creative product performance had meaningful effect in improving scientific attitude of science-gifted students. Second, creative product performance had meaningful effect in improving scientific self efficacy of science-gifted students. Third, creative product performance had meaningful effect in improving creative problem solving ability of science-gifted students. From questionnaire interview, we could know that subject students had difficulties in carrying out the performance at first but after the performance they came to have favorable impression and high satisfaction level about the performance.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.385-391
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• 2018

In this study, carbon fibers were fabricated via carbonization of oxidized polyacrylonitrile (oxi-PAN) under different carbonization conditions. Carbonization of oxi-PAN fiber was performed under four different temperature (1300, 1400, 1500, $1600^{\circ}C$) with four different fiber tensions (14, 25, 35, 45 MPa). Effect of carbonization process on the structural development and mechanical properties of carbon fiber were characterized by single filament fiber tensile test and Raman spectroscopy. A clear correlation exists between the Raman spectrum and the tensile modulus of carbon fiber and effect of carbonization temperature on the tensile modulus showed increased tendency only at higher fiber tension (${\geq}25MPa$) while tensile strength showed decreased or random tendency. Therefore, it may be concluded that the optimization of carbonization temperature of oxi-PAN fiber also requires optimization of fiber tension.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.686-693
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• 2018

Various types of re-bar splicing methods have been developed and applied to reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the field. According to previous studies, the coupler splice is relatively superior to the lap splice in terms of cost efficiency when the diameter or strength of the re-bar is larger or higher. This study was performed to develop a filler type mechanical splice for a high-strength re-bar (SD600) in reinforced concrete structures. The deformed re-bars were inserted into a circular steel tube coupler and high-strength epoxy filler was then injected into the coupler. The splice system was completed by hardened filler in a coupler. The epoxy filler was used as the manufactured production epoxy to conduct experiments of filler type mechanical splice specimens, and to observe the failure loads and failure aspects of the specimens. For this goal, the experiment of one-way tensile test was conducted for the epoxy filler type mechanical splices specimens according to the compressive strength of epoxy, length of coupler, and diameter of re-bar. The shape of failure of the re-bar coupler splice showed that the re-bars were pulled between the lugs of the re-bars as a result of the shear fracture of the hardened epoxy. The actual failure load of the experiment specimen was approximately 2 times higher than the expected failure load of the epoxy filler, which greatly improves the failure load of the hardening epoxy filler due to the restraint of the steel coupler.