• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.292-300
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• 2014

Chlorine-resistant sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymer (SPAES)-thin film composite (TFC) membranes for desalination are prepared using monoglyme as a selective solvent, which dissolves SPAES, but should be inert to porous polysulfone layer (e.g., Udel$^{(R)}$). Different from formic acid and diethylene glycol used as other selective solvents, monoglyme is environmentally friendly and has much lower boiling temperature. After a pretreatment of Udel$^{(R)}$ support film in isopropyl alcohol-glycerine mixture to minimize pore penetration leading to fairly reduced water flux, coating of SPAES solution in monoglyme onto the support and stepwise drying processes are conducted for defect-free TFC formation. The transport behavior through SPAES-TFC membranes is observed, correlating with the effects of sulfonation level, protonation, and physical and chemical crosslinking of SPAES selective layers.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.44-49
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• 2016

Among the deteriorating agents, chloride ion is reported to be one of the most harmful ions due to its rapid diffusion and direct effect on steel corrosion. Cold joint which occurs in mass concrete placing is vulnerable to shear resistance and more severe deterioration. The paper presents an quantitative evaluation of chloride diffusion coefficient in OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) and GGBFS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) concrete containing cold joint. GGBFS concrete shows $6.6{\times}10^{-12}m^2/sec$ which is almost 30% level of OPC concrete results and the trend is repeated in the case of cold joint concrete. Compared with OPC concrete, GGBFS concrete is evaluated to have better resistance to chloride penetration, showing 0.30 times of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete without cold joint 0.39 times with cold joint, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.47-54
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• 2018

Concrete undergoes various deterioration on surface. Impregnant with silicate is usually applied to concrete surface and forms insoluble hydrates, which can provide many engineering advantages. In the work, concrete impregnated with colloidal silicate is used for durability enhancement in surface and self-clearing performance is evaluated with photocatalyst-$TiO_2$ spraying. For the work, various tests are performed both for strength evaluation and durability evaluation such as absorption ratio, drying shrinkage, chloride penetration, sulfate resistance, and freezing/ thawing action. Furthermore, removal and self-clearing performance are evaluated with Acetaldehyde decomposition and Methylene blue decolorization. Through silicate impregnation and photocatalyst spraying, the impregnated concrete can have not only durability enhance but also self-clearing performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2012

최근 Flexible organic electronics 분야에 대한 관심과 더불어 소자의 산소 및 수분의 침투를 방지하기 위한 투습방지막 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Closed Drift Linear Source(CDLPS) 플라즈마 공정을 이용하여 저온 고속의 $SiO_xC_yH_z$ barrier flims 형성 연구를 진행하였다. HMDSO(hexamethyldisiloxane), TMS(trimethylsilane)와 산소를 기반으로 HMDSO/HMDSO+산소의 비율에 따라 $Si(-O_x)$ 변화에 따른 특성 평가를 진행하였다. X-ray photoelectrom spectroscopy(XPS) 및 Ft-IR spectrometer 측정 시 3.7% 비율에서 실리콘 원소가 산소 라디칼과 효율적인 반응을 함으로써 단일한 $SiO_2$ 박막이 형성됨을 확인 하였다. 그와 반면에 비율의 증가로 인해 다량의 HMDSO 물질이 주입 되었을 시 산소 라디칼과 충분히 반응 되지 못하여 $SiO_2$에 비해 $Si(CH)_x$ 가 많이 함량 된 Polymer like한 $SiO_x$가 많이 형성되었다. 박막의 증착율의 경우에는 3.7%에서 18%로 증가함에 따라 35 nm/min에서 180 nm/min의 증착율을 가지는 것을 확인 하였다. 3.7% 비율의 단일 $SiO_2$ 공정 조건으로 유기태양전지에 형성 하였을 시 소자의 에너지 변환 효율(PCE)이 변화 없는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 기존 공정에 비해 CDLPS 플라즈마 공정의 경우 유기소자에 플라즈마로 인한 열에너지나 이온 충격 에너지로 인한 영향 없는 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 이런 장점을 통해 CDSPS를 이용한 공정 기술은 다양한 유기 소자의 barrier 형성 연구에 큰 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.129-139
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• 2008

Due to uncertainty of numerous variables in durability model, a probalistic approach is increasing. Monte Carlo simulation (Level III method) is an easily accessible method, but requires a lot of repeated operations. This paper evaluated the effectiveness of First Order Second Moment method (Level II method), which is more convenient and time saving method than MCS, to predict the corrosion initiation in harbor concrete structure. Mean Value First Order Second Moment method (MV FOSM) and Advanced First Order Second Moment method (AFOSM) are applied to the error function solution of Fick's second law modeling chloride diffusion. Reliability index and failure probability based on MV FOSM and AFOSM are compared with the results by MCS. The comparison showed that AFOSM and MCS predict the similar reliability index and MV FOSM underestimates the probability of corrosion initiation by chloride attack. Also, the sensitivity of variables in durability model to corrosion initiation probability was evaluated on the basis of AFOSM. The results showed that AFOSM is a simple and efficient method to estimate the probability of corrosion initiation in harbor structures.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.254-262
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• 2001

Epoxy resin based upon the N,N'-diglycidylaniline which is widely used in optic, electronic and composite material. We modified this epoxy resin with poly(amic acid) (PAA) that is a precursor of polyimide. To improve the mechanical property we controlled PAA content and imidization ratio. PI-modified epoxy blends were prepared for the formation of IPN structure. The possible reaction in the epoxy resin/PAA blends were investigated by FT-IR and inherent viscosity techniques. Thermal properties are measured by TGA, DSC, and TMA. Mechanical properties are measured by UTM and impact test machine. Morphology is investigated by SEM. Thermal stability improved with increasing the content of PAA in blends. As the content of PAA increases in blend, the glass transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient decreases. Increasing impact strengths in J/m in the range of 920∼2412 were observed in blends. The PAA segment may act as a toughening agent in the epoxy networks, thus contributing the impact strength improvement of the blends.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.633-636
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• 2008

Concrete structures are occur many various deteriorations in the course of time and many efforts have progressed to improve on performance of concrete. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the durability of latex modified mortar in order to repair concrete structure which are happened deterioration. In this study, we tested plastic shrinkage, drying shirnkage, repeated freezing and thawing, permeability and resistance of chemical solution. Latex modified mortar and two kinds of sprayed polymer mortar used on durability test. As a result of test, latex modified repair mortar was exhibited durablilty improvement compared to the conventional sprayed polymer mortars. It is judged the fact that latex modified mortar have no problem in site application but additionally many research will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2015

Expansion joint is the essential element of the bridge in many cases. When the bridge faces chloride of preventing freezing on the surface of the bridge, the expansion joints is damaged significantly, thus this reduces service life and increases maintenance cost of the bridge. As a solution of this problem, new technology using high ductile materials for the joint without expansion joint was developed and in this research, crack control performance, preventing leaking after the cracking, and chloride resistance were experimentally evaluated. As a result of the experiment, with PCM and FRC materials, the connecting joint suffered poor crack dispersion and severe damage by the chloride penetration while with high-ductile material, the connecting joint dispersed the tensile deformation to microcracks stably up to 7.5mm. Furthermore, under the sever conditions, the leaking was prevented and penetration of chloride ions was prevented after the crack occurred.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2009

The effects of the monomer ratios on the typical properties of polymer modified mortars that contain styrene and butyl acrylate latexes was investigated. Basic data was also obtained that is necessary for the development of appropriate latexes for cement modifiers. Polymer modified mortars that contain styrene and butyl acrylate latexes polymerized with various monomer ratios were prepared for different polymer-cement ratios. They were then tested to obtain the particle size of the polymer latexes, air contents, water-cement ratios, flexural and compressive strengths, water absorption, and chloride-ion penetration. From the test results, the polymer modified mortars that have styrene and butyl acrylate latexes (with the mix proportions of synthesis having monomer ratios of between 40:60 to 60:40 for the appropriate mix proportions) could be recommended for practical applications. The basic properties of the polymer modified mortars were more affected by the polymer-cement ratio than by the monomer ratio, and were improved over unmodified mortar.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2004

Surfactant adsorption by two montmorillonite types with different interlayer cations of Ca and Na was characterized by examining the time dependence of surfactant behavior on the clay surfaces. Surfactants with different micelle concentration were conducted in our experiment to observe a nonequilibrium activity of cationic surfactant on the clay over reaction periods ranging from 0.1 min to 11 days. As compared with Ca-montmorillonite (SAz), a more active intrusion of surfactant molecules into the interlayers was found in Na-montmorillonite (SWy). During a short 'initiation' stage, the basal spacing of SWy montmorillonite increased rapidly with logarithmic time. For SAz montmorillonite, however, the abrupt basal spacing increase occurred at the later stage of the reaction. From the result, the difference in the adsorption behavior exhibited by the two montmorillonite types partly results from their intrinsic nature, that is, inorganic cations originally existing on the clay surfaces. Additionally, the micelle concentration of surfactants affects the development of organo-montmorillonite, especially, in the intercalant formation and stabilization under nonequilibrium.