• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

To preserve genetic materials, cryopreservation of the semen from live animals is the main technique to establish cryo-banking system which could be used for artificial insemination and embryo transfer. However, the population of Korean black goat (KBG) becomes to dwindle in number and is now faced genetic erosion by crossbreeding with non-native breeds in small KBG farms. In this study, simple freezing method was used to preserve frozen semen from KBG using spermatozoa of cauda epididymis (CE) and electro-stimulated semen (ES). The negative effects of seminal plasma on fresh sperm was confirmed using precipitation test of Triladyl egg yolk diluent and sperm viability after thawing was compared between CE and ES spermatozoa. When seminal plasma of fresh ES semen was washed with semen washing media (SWM), the rates of live sperm shown no significant difference between CE and ES spermatozoa before freezing. However, the survival rate of frozen/thawed CE sperm was higher than ES ($74.6{\pm}10.6%$ vs $53.8{\pm}5.2%$) with significant difference (p < 0.05). The results of longevity test on frozen/thawed sperm from CE showed healthier sperm than ES. Therefore, spermatozoa from CE could be used for cryo-banking system in KBG lines. The more studies are needed to increase survival rate of ES semen.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.186-198
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• 2021

As the increased certainty of osseointegration, new parameters are now being used to assess implant success. Accordingly, patients' and clinicians' high demands and expectation for esthetics have expanded and implant-supported restorations show better esthetic outcomes. The pre-implant treatment planning process, the implant surgical steps and the post-surgery prosthetic process can affect all esthetic outcomes. Prevention of esthetic implant failures can be achieved by appropriate treatment at each stage, considering the 3 factors of alveolar bone, soft tissue, and implants. It is necessary to achieve the esthetic implant prostheses followings: minimal invasive surgery, bone augmentation, ideal 3-dimensional implant position, peri-implant soft tissue management, and provisional restorations to optimize peri-implant soft tissue architecture.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2001

In those patients who underwent radiation therapy with 10 MV X-ray for bone marrow transfer, compared the effect of high dose irradiation on peripheral blood were investigated in randomly selecting 18 patients. thus, changes in the levels of peripheral blood (WBC, Seg. neutrophil, Lymphocyte, RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit ratio, GOT, GPT) were observed for 25 days after irradiation with the peripheral blood levels before irradiation in these patients and in 32 controls. Among changes in peripheral blood, the level of WBC was $8.63\%$ after radiation therapy with as much decrease as $0.22{\times}103{\pm}0.19{\times}103/mm^3$ compared with $2.51{\times}103{\pm}1.29{\times}103/mm^3$ before radiation therapy, and was only $6.35\%$ of $7.17{\times}103/mm^3{\pm}1.46{\times}103/mm^3$ in the controls, showing statistical significance (P<0.01, r2=0.9151). In the morphologic test of WBC, the level of Seg. neutrophil was decreased as much as to $20.53\%$ with $14.17{\pm}21.60\%$ compared with $69.00{\pm}25.60\%$ before irradiation, and decreased down to $24.39\%$ compared with $58.09{\pm}7.62\%$ in the controls (P<0.05, r2=0.6316). The number of lymphocyte increased as much as 3.94 folds at $79.91{\pm}27.30\%$ compared with $20.29{\pm}21.15\%$ before irradiation and was 2.39 times higher than $33.46{\pm}6.79\%$ in the controls (P<0.05, r2=0.7337). Although the change in the number of RBC was little with $3.18{\times}106{\pm}0.41{\times}106/mm^3$ before irradiation and $4.66{\times}106{\pm}0.43{\times}106/mm^3$ in the controls, no statistical significance was present (P>0.05). In addition, The number of hemoglobin was low compared with before irradiation and with the controls, but none showed statistical significance (P>0.05). Similarly, although the hematocrit ratio was low compared with before irradiation and with the controls, no statistical significance was present (P>0.05). In the values of the histologic examinations GOT and GPT, there is statistical significance between those from with before irradiation and with the controls (P<0.05). Thus, among peripheral blood, the number of WBC decreased drastically for a certain period after total body irradiation with high dose radiation, and the levels of Seg. neutriphil and lymphocyte decreased significantly after irradiation in the lymphocyte morphologic test. The results of the present study suggest that the possibility of developing the first to determine initially those patients who might develop radiation acute impairment using the usual peripheral blood test of patients to be exposed to high dose irradiation.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

Purpose: We studied to decide the operative indication of the metastatic tumor in pelvis according to the oncologic results, the Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group (ECOG) performance status and complication. Materials and methods: From May 1994 to May 2003, 9 patients who were performed on palliative treatment and 10 paitents on operative treatment due to metastatic tumor of pelvic bone were investigated. On palliative/operative group, the mean age of patients was 57.6/48.0 years old and the ratio of male to female was 5:4/7:3. Primary origins were 3 cases from kidney, 3 from cervix and 2 of lung, 2 of myeloma, 2 of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and 1 from breast, bladder, testis, prostate, stomach, liver and retroperitoneal leimyosarcoma respectively. The palliative treatment was performed in 5 cases with radiotherapy, 1 with chemotherapy, 2 with combined chemo-radiotherapy and 1 with percutaneous cementation. The operative methods were 1 case of bone cement insertion after curettage, 2 of Girdlestone with internal hemipelvectomy and 7 of reconstruction after wide excision. Reconstructions were done.: 1 case of bone cementation, 5 of autograft prosthesis composite with irradiation or pastuerization and 1 of saddle prosthesis. We have observed the oncologic results, the ECOG performance status and complication. Results: The oncologic results of palliative/operative groups are NED 0/1, AWD 2/6, DOC 1/2 and DOD 6/1. The ECOG performance status was changed from 1.5 into 4.3 in palliative group and from 2.6 into 2.2 in operative group. The complications were 3 cases of the prosthesis failure and 2 of infection. Conclusion: The indication of operation of metastatic pelvic tumor is decided in consideration of the patient's condition, the grade of malignancy in primary tumor and the life expectancy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.749-754
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• 2004

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (Off-Pump CABG) has been proven to have less morbidity and to facilitate early recovery. High-risk surgical patients may have benefitted by avoiding the adverse effects of the cardiopulmonary bypass. We compared the effectiveness of Off-Pump CABG with that of coronary artery bypass using cardiopulmonary bypass (On-Pump CABG) in high-risk patients. Material and Method: 682 patients (424 Off-Pump CABG and 258 On-Pump CABG) underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2001 and June 2003. Patients who were considered high risk were selected High risk is defined as the presence of one or more of nine adverse prognostic factors. Data were collected from 492 patients in Off-Pump CABG and 100 in On-Pump CABG for risk factors, extent of coronary disease, and in-hospital outcomes. Result： Off-Pump CABG group and On-Pump CABG group did not show differences in their preoperative risk factors. We used more arterial grafts in Off-Pump CABG group (p < 0.05). Postoperative results showed that operative mortality (0.5% in Off-Pump CABG versus 2.0% in On-Pump CABG), renal failure (2.6% in Off-Pump CABG versus 7.0% in On-Pump CABG), and perioperative myocardial infarction (1.5% in Off-Pump CABG versus 1.0% in On-Pump CABG) did not differ significantly. However, Off-Pump CABG had shorter mean operation time (p<0.05), lower mean CK-MB level (p <0.05), lower rate of usage of inotropics (p < 0.05), shorter mean ventilation time (p <0.05), lower perioperative stroke (0% versus 2.0%), and shorter length of stay (p < 0.05) than On-Pump CABG. On-Pump CABG had more distal grafts (p<0.05) than Off-Pump CABG. Although Off-Pump CABG and On-Pump CABG did not show statistical differences in mortality and morbidity was more frequent in CABG. Conclusion: Off-Pump CABG reduces morbidity and favors hospital outcomes. Therefore, Off-Pump CABG is safe, reasonable and may be a preferable operative strategy for high-risk patients.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the results of ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone to hamstring. Materials and Methods : Thirty-two ACL reconstructions with autogenous BPTB and eighteen reconstructions with hamstring were compared in terms of functional outcome, stability and tunnel expansion. Results : The functional score of BPTB group was higher than hamstring group in OAK(Orthopadishe Arbeitsguppe Knie) and IKDC(International Knee Documentation Committee) system. In BPTB group, OAK scores were 71.6$({\pm}10.0)$ preoperatively and 88.5$({\pm}7.9)$ finally. In hamstring group, OAK scores were 73.9$({\pm}11.5)$ and 82.5$({\pm}12.9)$ respectively. There was no difference in stability checked by either $KT-1000^{TM}$ or stress view. Anterior tibial translation measured by $KT-1000^{TM}$ were 2.4$({\pm}1.8)$mm in BPTB and 2.3$({\pm}2.4)$mm in hamstring group. Anterior tibial translation in stress view were 2.8$({\pm}3.4)$mm in BPTB and 2.8$({\pm}2.5)$mm in hamstring group. There was no difference in tibial tunnel expansion but femoral tunnel was more enlarged in hamstring group than BPTB (P=0.03). Conclusion : As there was no difference in stability between two groups, it seems prudent to select either graft defend on such factors as anterior knee pain, skeletal maturity and cosmetic concern. Tunnel expansion seems not to affect stability, but further study is needed to confirm that decrease of which might improve stability.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 1998

The sprig of Jinryungtang Gagambang has been used for curing as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for their clinical use. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Jinryungtang Gagambang extract against cancer, and to study some mechanisms responsible for its effect. The cytotoxic and antitumor effects were evaluated on human cell liens (A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Sarcoma 180) after exposure to Jinryungtang Gagambang extract using in ILS, colony forming efficency and SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for cytotoxic and antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows. 1. As a result of exposure to Jinryungtang Gagambang extract, the proliferation of A549, hep3B, Caki-1, good correlations were shown from the results of SRB assay and those of clogenetic assay. 2. The oral administration of Jinryungtang Gagambang extract showed significant effects of increase of MST(mean survival time) and ILS(increased life span) depending on the increasing concentration. 3. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Jinryungtang Gagambang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice(TBM). Jinryungtang Gagambang also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell-implanted tumors by frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Jinryungtang Gagambang extract into TBM. 4. Jinryungtang Gagambang extract also increased NK cell activities. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Jinryungtang Gagambang extract has prominent antiutmor effect.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2014

Purpose: To analyze the clinical features and treatment outcome of Langerhans' cell histocytosis. Materials and Methods: From August 1996 to June 2013, 28 patients who histologically proven with LCH were analyzed of medical records, radiography, pathologic character retrospectively. Results: A total of 28 cases of LCH including 22 child has been reported. Onset age was 0.6 to 51 years old, occurred in the average age was 14.8 years. Follow-up period was 6 months to 134 months average was 44.6 months. The M:F ratio was 2.5:1. The initial symptoms was pain in 18 cases, 5 cases of pathologic fracture, 3 case of palpable mass, 1 case of discovered by accident in radiography, 1 case of torticollis. In radiological examination osteolysis was seen all cases, 7 cases showed a periosteal reaction, 1 case showed soft tissue extension. Clinical type of all cases were eosinophilic granuloma. 25 cases were classified as unifocal disease and 3 cases were multifocal single systemic diseases. In all cases, incisional biopsy was performed. After histologic confirmed, 14 cases was treated with curettage or surgical excision of the lesion and the other 14 cases were followed up without treatment. There is no death during follow up period. 11 cases has no radiological improvement after 3-6 months observation, intralesional steroid injection was performed. Conclusion: Patients with LCH who has rapid systemic onset is very rare, so if you meet the young children who suspected LCH, you shoulder avoid the examination which cause excessive radiation exposure to the young patient. In order to confirm the diagnosis of disease, biopsy is needed. Close observation after confirmed by histological method will bring the satisfactory results. But the patients who had pathologic fracture or wide bone destruction already may need curettage and bone grafting to lesion or internal fixation. The lesion which has no radiological improvement after 3-6 months observation or appear with pain interferes daily life may need local steroid injection as a good treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.848-853
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• 2001

Background: Sternal infection or dehiscence after cardiac surgery through median sternotomy is rare. If suitable treatment is not performed for the complication, however, the mortality is high. For 12 patients with sternal dehiscence or infection, we performed wide excision of the infected and necrotic tissue and covered with muscle flap(s) to obliterate the mediastinal dead space. Material and method: Sternal infection or dehiscence occurred in 13 of patients who underwent cardiac surgery One patient, who died of cerebral infarction before the sternal complication was treated, was excluded in this study. The sternal wound complication occurred in 6 of patients with valve replacement and 6 of patients with coronary bypass surgery, respectively. Since 1991, 9 patients underwent definite surgical debridement and muscle transposition as soon as fever was controlled with closed irrigation and drainage. The necrotic tissue and bone was widely excised and the sternal dead space was eradicated with the single flap or the combined flaps of right pectoralis flap(turnover flap), left pectoralis flap(turnover flap or rotation-advancement flap), and right rectus muscle flap. Result : There was no mortality in 12 patients with coverage of muscle flap(s) for sternal infection or dehiscence The mean interval between the diagnosis of sternal complication and the myoplasty was 6.6$\pm$3.9 days. In 4 patients, one pectoralis muscle flap was used, and in 8 patients both pectoralis muscle flaps were used. For each 1 patient and 2 patients in each group, right rectus muscle flap was added. For the last 3 patients, a single pectoralis flap was used to eradicate the mediastinal dead space and the longer placement of the mediastinal drain catheter was needed. One patient, who had suffered from necrosis of left pectoralis flap(rotation-advancement flap) with subsequent chest wall abscess after coverage of both pectoralis flaps, was managed with reoperation using right rectum flap. Conclusion : Sternal dehiscence or infection after cardiac operation can be readily managed with wide excision of necrotic infected tissue(including bone) and muscle flap coverage after short-term irrigation of sternal wound. The sternal(mediastinal) dead space may be completely eradicated with right pectoralis major muscle flap alone.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.894-903
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• 2003

Protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury is crucial for successful transplantation of the lung. It has been known that nitric oxide has many favorable effects on the donor lungs but at the same time, has some potential side effects of cytotoxicity. In this regards, we investigated whether the administration of nitroglycerin could decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat lung reperfusion model for the confirmation of the effect of nitroglycerin, a donor of nitric oxide, on lung transplantation. Material and Method: 35 Sprague-Dawley species male white rats were used for this experiment. For nitroglycerin group (n=18), nitroglycerin was administered intravenously followed by mixed in flushing solution for preservation. As a control group (n=17), we used the same amount of normal saline. To evaluate the effect of nitroglycerin on the lung, heart-lung block was obtained, weighed and stored in University of Wisconsin Solution at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. In each group of the isolated lungs, reperfusion was carried out with Krebs-Hensleit-diluted human blood for 60 minutes. As parameters of the state of the isolated lung, peak inspiratory and pulmonary arterial pressures were continuously recorded. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tension of reperfusing blood were measured before and after 30, 60 minutes of reperfusion. After sixty minutes of reperfusion, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured also for the evaluation of the degree of alveolar flooding. Lung myeloperoxidase activity was determined to verify the accumulation of neutrophils. Results: Although statistically significant differences were not noted in peak inspiratory and pulmonary arterial pressure between control and nitroglycerin group, latter group showed lowering tendency of pulmonary arterial pressure during the entire reperfusion period. Oxygen tension was higher (p<0.05) in nitroglycerin group compared with that of the control group, in contrast, there were no differences in carbon dioxide tension, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and myeloperoxidase activity between the groups. In the examination of ultrastructural changes, nitroglycerin denoted the protective effect on the pulmonary architecture compared with that of control group. Conclusion: Collectively, on the bases of these experimental results, prior treatment of donor lung with nitroglycerin could result in better preservation of the lung. Consequently, these nitroglycerin preserved lungs are thought to be more suitable for successful transplantation of the lung.