• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 1992

When the transposon is used as a selectable marker. the cotransduction frequency depends on the selection order of the markers. In this study. we adopted a mathematical approach to explain this phenomenon. At first, the formation of transducing particles were considered in five different configurations. Then the probability functions indicating the possibilities for a marker to be fixed were mathematically formulated on the basis of probability density concept. After actual values and useful assumptions were integrated into the Formula. resulting frequencies from theoretical calculations were compared with actual data. Such analysis let us conclude that the asymmetry in the frequency arose from the lack of homology required for homologous recombination due to the transposon insertion and from the suppression of recombination around the region where the transposon is inserted.

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.63
• /
• pp.83-108
• /
• 2004

Gaegyeong(開經), the capital of the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), acted as the hub for producing various potteries for the royal family, governmental offices, temples, and markets in the Gyeonggi and Hwanghae Provineces where consumptions were highly concentra

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2001

Giant cell tumor is usually found around the knee joint, especially in the distal femur or proximal tibia. Despite being classified as benign, it has unusual biological behavior of local aggressiveness and tend to have severely destructive lesion and develop rare pulmonary metastasis. Therefore, when the patient is presented to the physician with an expansile lytic lesion of challenging clinicopathologic entity extending to subchondral bone, the physician faces up to difficulties in treatment. We report a case of 25 years old patient having recurrent giant cell tumor in the right distal femur which developed metastasis to lung. The primary bone lesion was treated with local curettage and fillings with methylmethacrylate, but when he returned to the hospital two years later, the recurrence had developed with lung metastasis.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 시맨틱 데이터 정합성 검사와 RDF 트리플 생성 기능을 가진 URI 서버 내 DB 스키마의 자동 생성 방안을 기술한다. URI 서버는 시맨틱 웹 기술 기반 프레임워크 구성에 필요한 핵심 엔진으로서 인스턴스 생성 관리기, 검색 엔진, 추론 엔진 등과의 상호 작용을 통해 시맨틱 데이터를 서비스한다. 도메인이 바뀌거나 서비스가 변경되는 경우 DB 스키마를 전문가에 의해 수작업으로 생성함으로써 서비스 환경 변화에 즉각 대응하지 못하는 문제점을 가진 기존 URI 서버를, 적재되는 온톨로지에 따라 DB 스키마를 동적으로 자동 생성하는 방식으로 변경함으로써 다양한 응용 분야와 도메인에의 높은 이식성(Portability)을 보장할 수 있도록 한다. 기반정보 온톨로지, 응용 온톨로지, 개인화 온톨로지 등 3개 온톨로지 스키마와 11만 건 이상의 Citeseer Open Access Metadata로부터 추출된 인스턴스를 대상으로 한 실험을 통해 URI 서버 내 DB 스키마 자동 생성 가능성을 실증하였다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.26
• /
• pp.57-78
• /
• 2012

This article deals with the change of disney feature-length drawn animation since using digital technology. The spread of digital technology in the territory of traditional animation brought a massive transformation. Analogue production system for disney drawn animation was gradually replaced by digital production system and in the process, the overall quality of disney drawn animation was improved, although drawn animation industry had declined considerably due to the success of 3D computer animation. Currently, disney drawn animations not only just adopt digital technology but also use it for expressing the distinctive sensibility of the drawn animation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2000.10b
• /
• pp.1337-1340
• /
• 2000

정보화 사회에서의 컴퓨터의 가치는 교육분야서 더욱 높아지고 있으며, 기존의 수업보다 시간적 공간적 제약을 덜 받게 되는 원격교육은 무한한 발전 가능성을 가지고 있다. 하지만 기존 웹 상에서의 원격교육에서는 필수의 강의가 끝나면 수업의 평가 후 학생에게 수업의 결과를 알려주는 형식이었고, 또한 학습자에게는 일률적으로 평가가 적용 학생의 수준에 맞는 수업을 할 수가 없었으며 교수의 입장에서도 학생들의 평가 결과가 수업의 질을 높이거나 내용을 변경시킬 근거가 될 수 는 없었다. 따라서, CAI(Computer Aided Instruction) 시스템에서 수준별 학습을 위한 단계별 예비 테스트와 학습 후 테스트의 평가 내용을 다양한 방법으로 가시적으로 제시함으로써 교수 방법을 지원할 수 있는 평가 컴포넌트를 작성하고자 한다. 이는 평가의 방법이 체계적으로 되고 또한 학습의 패러다임을 바꾸거나 과목을 변경할 경우 또한 그 결과에 따라 교수 방법의 변화나 수업내용의 변경을 하려할 때 용의하게 사용할 수 있다. 또한 유사한 다른 패러다임의 원격교육 시스템에서도 이미 개발된 구성요소를 사용함으로써, 사용의 용이성과 이식성, 재사용성을 높일 수 있게 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 1999

Background: High-dose chemotherapy is increasingly employed in many refractory malignant diseases. This therapy has been reported to increase response rate and survival benefits but it is also associated with higher treatment-related morbidity and mortality. We evaluated clinical characteristics and course of the pulmonary toxicity following high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Methods: Ninety-seven patients who had received high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation were evaluated. Five patients who developed lung lesions which were not related to infection nor primary malignant disease underwent transbronchial lung biopsy. The patients' clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Five patients(5.1%) developed idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. The high dose chemotherapy regimens employed were cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and cisplatin in 3 cases, one case of BCNU, etoposide, Ara-C, and cyclophosphamide combination, and a regimen consisting of BCNU, etoposide, Ara-C, and melphalan. The total dose of BCNU used was 300-400 mg/$m^2$ and that of cyclophosphsmide was 6,000 mg/$m^2$. All of 5 patients received radiation therapy before this treatment. After an average duration of 14 weeks (4-26 weeks) of high-dose chemotherapy, patients developed cough, dyspnea and fever. The chest X-rays showed bilateral diffuse infiltration in 3 cases and the focal infiltration in the other 2 cases. All the patients received corticosteroid therapy as a treatment for the lung lesions. Two of them progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome and died. Three patients recovered without residual lung lesion but one of them died of dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: High-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation especially which containing BCNU regimen may develop idiopathic pneumonia syndrome related to pulmonary toxicity and corticosteroid therapy may be bel1eficial in some cases.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.280-291
• /
• 2019

A. antiquum, first observed in Jeju Samdo Island in 1949, was designated as the Natural Monument No. 18 in December 1962 in recognition of its academic value. In Korea, it grows in nature only in Samdo in Jeju Island. Although its natural habitat was greatly damaged and almost destroyed due to firewood, stealing, etc. After the emancipation, it has been maintained by the transplantation and restoration. The site observed by this study has been managed as a restricted area since 2011. Since it has been about 20 years since the restoration of the native site in the 2000s, it is necessary to check the official management history records, such as the origin of transplantation and restoration to monitor the changes in the growth status and to control the habitat. As the results of this study, we have secured the records of cultural property management history, such as the identification of native species and the transplantation and restoration records. We also examined the change of the growth and development of A. antiquum 20 years after the restoration. There are no official records of the individuals transplanted to the restored natural habitat of A. antiquum in the 1970s and 1980s, and there was a controversy about the nativeness of those individuals that were restored and transplanted in 1974 since they were Japanese individuals. The studies of identifying native as the results of this study, we have secured the records of cultural property management history, such as the identification of native species and the transplantation and restoration records. We also examined the change of the growth and development of A. antiquum 20 years after the restoration. There are two sites in natural habitat in Samdo Island. A total of 65 individuals grow in three layers on three stone walls in a site while 29 individuals grow in two columns in the other site. A. antiquum grows in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Neolitsea sericea, and we did not find any other individuals of naturally growing A. antiquum outside the investigated site. This study checked the distribution of A. antiquum seedlings observed initially after the restoration. There were more than 300 seedling individuals, and we selected three densely populated sites for monitoring. There were 23 A. antiquum seedlings with 4 - 17 leaves per individual and the leaf length of 0.5 - 20 cm in monitoring site 1. There were 88 individuals with 5 - 6 leaves per individual and the leaf length of 1.3 - 10.4 cm in monitoring site 2 while there were 22 individuals with 5 - 9 leaves per individual and the leaf length of 4.5 - 12.1 cm in monitoring site 3. Although the natural habitat of A. antiquum was designated as a restricted public area in 2011, there is a high possibility that the habitat can be damaged because some activities, such as fishing and scuba diving are allowed. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the law strictly, to provide sufficient education for the preservation of natural treasures, and to present accurate information about cultural assets.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 1999

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of a technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m MAG3) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed on transplanted kidney. Materials and Methods: Thirty renal transplant patients were included in this study. Planar scan was performed for 30 minutes using 555 MBq Tc-99m MAG3. A post-voiding SPECT scan was acquired on the third, seventh, fourteenth and twenty eighth day after transplantation. Results: SPECT scan showed interpretable image quality in 26 of 30 patients (86.7%) and 84 in 120 scans (70%). Fourteen of 26 patients with interpretable SPECT image showed decreased or increased radioactivity, but only 5 had abnormal findings on the planar scan. Focal SPECT defects were seen in allografts with normal function (n=3), acute tubular necrosis (n=3), and acute rejection (n=2). The defects are thought to reflect focally underperfused renal parenchyme or, in normal allografts, an artifact from uneven radioactivity distribution. Four of 10 patients with renal arterial variation showed focally decreased radioactivity and SPECT helped guide funker studies that confirmed the exact cause. Five of 10 patients with acute tubular necrosis or acute rejection showed focally decreased radioactivity, but its relation to the patients' clinical course was not clear. Focally increased radioactivity was observed in 5 allografts with normal function and 1 with double ureter in which local clearance delay was observed. Conclusion: Tc-99m MAG3 SPECT renal scan can detect additional focal abnormalities compared to planar scan. Further study is necessary to elucidate the exact clinical significance of the SPECT findings.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) for the prevention of postoperative uterus and ovary adhesion formation in the Korean black goats. Twenty adult female Korean black goats randomly were divided into five groups with four animals in each group. After the routine laparotomy, catheter for injection was inserted into the abdomen. Before abdominal closure, saline, 1% SCMC, 2% SCMC or 0.4% HA solution (50ml/10kg of body weight/head) were injected in the abdominal cavity in each group. Three weeks after surgery, second laparotomy was performed and the adhesions were scored on a scale of 0 to 10 according to their vascularity and adhesion size in uterus and ovary. This trial was repeated the four times with the interval of three weeks. In the first and second trial, the group treated with 2% SCMC significantly reduced the adhesion formation than other treatment groups (P<0.05). In the third trial, the adhesion formation was significantly reduced in 2% SCMC and 1% SCMC (P<0.05). In the fourth trial, 2% SCMC reduced the adhesion formation. However, there was no significant difference among other groups. This study showed that the 2% SCMC administered at the end of the surgery reduced the adhesion formation in the Korean black goats.