• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.1 s.58
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• pp.42-48
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• 1984

The developments of overwintering larvae of the peach fruit moth, Carposina niponensis Walsingham, were studied in Suweon. Among fully grown larvae leaving from apple fruit, the earliest diapause larva was observed late July, about $50\%-diapause$ in middle August and $100\%-diapause$ in early September. Induction of the diapause seemed to have relationships with the time of oviposition: the incidents of the diapause started with the larvae grown from the eggs which had been laid in late June or late July depending on the prevailing weather condition. The termination of the diapause seemed to be in early December, and almost all of the larvae incubated after January were pupated. For the breakage of the diapause, it required chilling period more than one month, and the most effective temperature seemed to be $5\~10^{\circ}C$, while the temperature lower than $0^{\circ}C$ seemed to be inhibitory, if not at all. The overwintered larvae started to pupate in middle May, and the developments of the over-wintered larvae were affected by the temperature as well as the moisture contents of soil in the spring. The dry condition of soil increased the mortality of the developing larvae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2007

Two fruit moths of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), and the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii (Matsumura), infest apples in Korea by internally feeding behavior. C. sasakii is a quarantine insect pest from some other countries importing Korean apples. G. molesta is not a quarantine insect pest, but can be incorrectly identified as C. sasakii especially when it is found inside apple fruits at its larval stages because it is not easy to identify the two species by morphological characters alone. This incomplete identification results in massive economical loss by fruits needlessly destroyed or turned away at border inspection stations of the importing nations. This difficulty can be overcome by molecular DNA markers. Several polymorphic regions of mitochondrial DNA of both species were sequenced and used for developing specific striction sites and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. Based on these sequences, three diagnostic PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites were detected and validated for their practical uses. Also, species-specific PCR primers were devised to develop diagnostic PCR method for identifying the internal feeders.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.106-119
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• 2014

The $76^{th}$ National Treasure is consisted of seven volumes of Nanjung Ilgi (War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin; each titled by the author based on the zodiac name of the year covered, i.e. Imjin Ilgi, Gyesa Ilgi, Gabo Ilgi, Byeongsin Ilgi, Jeongyu Ilgi, Sok Jeongyu Ilgi, Musul Ilgi), Seogancheob (Letters of Admiral Yi) and Imjin Jangcho (Drafts of Imjin War Reports of Admiral Yi). These are currently in the custody of Hyeonchungsa shrine, the state-managed memorial shrine of Admiral Yi, and has been added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in June 2013 in the appreciation of its historical and academic importance as a commander's hand-written battlefield accounts during Japanese invasions of Korea. Imjin Jangcho, among these nine volumes, is a record of battles, including observations on the enemy fleets, suggestions on naval matters, battle expenditure, and methods of battle preparation, transcribed by someone else according to Admiral Yi's instructions. It is Admiral Yi's honest detailobservations on the war situation during Japanese invasions of Korea from 1592 as a Naval Commander of Left Jeolla Province, till 1594 (Year 27 of King Seonjo's reign) as a Commander-in-Chief of the Naval Forces of the South. It is a draft of the war report to be submitted to the King in a single volume as a folio (each sheet folded once to produce one leaf) bound in a side-stitched binding with five holes and inner binding of twisted paper. This study explores the condition and the treatment performed on Imjin Jangcho which could have an implication for the conservation of cultural assets on paper of late Joseon Dynasty.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The concept of integrated pest management (IPM) first developed in the 1950s, and the concept of economic control via pest management was established in the 1960s. Research on IPM began in the United States and Europe, and IPM studies in Korea started with citrus insects and paddy field pests following the distribution of high-yield varieties of rice. Apple IPM in Korea began with research on pest control using chemical pesticides and pesticides resistant to insect pests, studies on the ecology of insect pests and their natural enemies, and the exploitation of sex pheromones on insect pests. Since the 1990s, IPM research and field projects have been carried out simultaneously for farming households. In the 2000s, the development of pest monitoring and forecasting models centered on mating disturbances, database programs for pests, and networks for sharing information. IPM technology has expanded via the development of unmanned forecasting systems and automation technologies in the 2010s.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.319-338
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• 2009

This study was intended to recognize whether speed desire frustration influences in driving stress. Stress desire frustration is the difference between prefer speed and normal speed. As a result, driver's the prefer speed is higher than the normal speed on 4 road condition(high-way, urban-way, residential-way, rural-way). Also, driver's speed desire frustration caused statistical effect in driving stress on 4 road condition. speed desire frustration effect Driving Stress Scale(DSS) 5 sub-scale factors(progress obstacle, traffic circumstance, accident & regulation, regulation obedience, time pressure). This is that driver who experience much speed desire frustration creates high driving stress. Speed desire frustration analyzed high driver and low driver's Driving Stress Scale(DSS) score and overspeed regulation and traffic accident experience difference. As analysis result, speed desire frustration high driver driving stress high appear. However, difference of overspeed regulation experience or traffic accident experience by speed desire frustration did not appear.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.239-264
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• 2008

The gap in academic achievement owing to entrance age in elementary school has been used as important basic data to formulate policies on school entrance system and other educational policies. Other countries have made further studies to prove the effect on academic achievement of age gap between students in the same grade. This study identified the clear difference in a component ratio in the participants and the successful candidates based on the by entrance age during the entrance examination of the "K" science education center for the gifted. Also, this study analyzed the difference in success in an examination depending on the season of birth between the participants and the successful candidates during the entrance examination. It also compared the birth ratio by season of each group including common students. Some preceding studies with common or backward students show the result that students who entered the school in full age have higher level of academic achievements than students in younger age. But the results of this study proved that gifted students who entered the school in full age did not have a high level of academic achievements. Like these studies, this study show the result that school entrance age works as an important factor of selection of gifted students. Students who entered the school in full age entered much more the "K" science education center for gifted students than students in young age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 1981

Using the milled, blast infected leaves (BIL) as an inoculum source on the screening for the resistance to blast of rice plant was a simple and useful technique. The temperature with high (25^\circ C\sim 35^\circ C) and low (15^\circ C\sim 28^\circ C) and the water stressed or not, was conditioned of to the inoculation with the BIL to the test varieties in seedling stage. In low temperature, most of the varieties were more infected with blast, however the Indica-Japonica hybrids were more infected in high temperature conditions. The water stressed was more infected with blast than the not stressed. The interaction of variety with water stress was not so much as that of variety with temperature. Resistant reaction to blast (BIL) was not affected by the temperature and water stress, but the moderately resistant or susceptible one was much affected by them. Inoculum of BIL was virulent to the newly bred Indica-Japonica hybrid cultivars such as Tongil, Nopung, etc, but not virulent to the Japonica cultivars such as Nongbaek, Jinheung, etc. The discrete, mixed or variable lesions were observed mainly in the moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars such as Kanto 51, Yashiromochi, Ishikari-shiroke, etc.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_2
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• pp.1529-1539
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• 2023

The data from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II), which observes the color of the sea to monitor marine environments, undergoes various correction processes in the ground station system, producing data from Raw to Level-2 (L2). Quality issues arising at each processing stage accumulate step by step, leading to an amplification of errors in the satellite data. To address this, improvements were made to the GOCI-II ground station system to measure potential optical quality and geolocation accuracy errors in the Level-1A/B (L1A/B) data. A newly established Radiometric and Geometric Performance Assessment Module (RGPAM) now measures five optical quality factors and four geolocation accuracy factors in near real-time. Testing with GOCI-II data has shown that RGPAM's functions, including data processing, display and download of measurement results, work well. The performance metrics obtained through RGPAM are expected to serve as foundational data for real-time radiometric correction model enhancements, assessment of L1 data quality consistency, and the development of reprocessing strategies to address identified issues related to the GOCI-II detector's sensitivity degradation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Due to the increasing consumer demands for the safety, shelf life, and quality of food, the application and development of active packaging in the food and packaging industry have been improved. According to the standards and specifications of the Republic of Korea for utensils, containers, and packages, the function of active packaging is to remove or alleviate factors that degrade food quality. Although extensive reviews regarding the development and commercialization of active packaging have been conducted, the legal regulations and safety assessments concerning active packaging have rarely been examined. This review provides information regarding the definition, structure, components, operational mechanisms, and applications for active packaging that actively removes oxygen, moisture, carbon dioxide, and ethylene. Furthermore, the legal regulations and research results related to the development of test methods for safety assessments of active packaging are investigated.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.30-37
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• 2014

In this paper, the compact model for FinFET gate resistance is developed. Based on the FinFET geometry and material, the value of the gate resistance is extracted by Y-parameter analysis using 3D device simulator, Sentaurus. By dividing the gate resistance into horizontal and vertical components, the proposed gate resistance model captures the non-linear characteristics. The proposed compact model reflects the realistic gate structure which has two different materials (Tungsten, TiN) stacked. Using the proposed model, the number of fins for the minimum gate resistance can be proposed based on the variation of gate geometrical parameters. The proposed gate resistance model is implemented in BSIM-CMG. A ring-oscillator is designed, and its delay performance is compared with and without gate resistance.