• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 1999

Four cultivar of astringent persimmon(Diospyros kaki L. Cheongdobansi, Sagkoksi, Gojongsi, and Hachiya) were evaluated for quality during 160 days storage in condition of air, 12%CO$_2$+3%CO$_2$, and 16%CO$_2$+ 3%CO$_2$at 0∼2$^{\circ}C$. In the fruits of Cheongdobansi, Sagkoksi, and Gojongsi cultivar, the soluble solids content did not change significantly during storage among treatment, but in the fruits of Hachiya cultivar it decreased during storage in the codition of high CO$_2$concentration. Fruits of Cheongdobansi and Sagkoksi, which were stored in higher CO$_2$concentration, had firmer hardness, less weight loss and decay, showed greater rentention of initial peel color, maintained best qulity than air-stored fruit, but had high tannin contents. And it was necessory to remove astringency for edible fruits.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

In order to improve gas separation properties of polymeric membranes which have been widely applied in the industry field, aluminosilicate hollow nanoparticles named as allophanes were synthesized by sol-gel method and formulated in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix to investigate the gas separation properties of PDMS membrane. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Surface area and pore size analyzer (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) were carried out to characterize the synthetic allophanes. Then the PDMS mixed matrix membranes were prepared by adding different volume fraction of allophanes. To examine the effect of allophanes addition in PDMS matrix using unmodified allophane and modified ones, the gas permeation experiments were performed using oxygen, nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide. As the volume fraction of modified allophane increased up to 4.05 Vol% the permeability of four test gases through PDMS mixed matrix membranes increased. Also, the selectivity of $O_2/N_2$ and $CO_2/CH_4$ increased with the contents of the modified allophane. Further improvement of gas separation properties of PDMS mixed matrix membranes containing higher volume percent of allophanes can be expected as long as well dispersion of allophanes in PDMS matrix can be achieved for better PDMS membranes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.775-787
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate for the natural methane emission inhibitor as a feed additive no adversely effect on rumen fermentation. Five different Control (Wheat barn (0.05 g), MRA(Methane Reduction Additive)-1 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.05 g)), MRA-2 (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), MRA-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), and MRA-4 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.02 g) + Tannic acid (0.02 g) + Wheat barn (0.01 g) mixed) contents were used to perform 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h incubation for in vitro fermentation. Ruminal pH values were ranged within normal ruminal microbial fermentation. Dry matter digestibility was not significantly different across the treatments during the whole fermentation time. Also, the result of microbial growth had no adversely effect on during the whole fermentation time. At 24 h, methane emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than all treatments except to MRA-1. Especially, MRA-4 carbon dioxide emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than control at 9, 24 and 48 h incubation. In addition MRA-4 propionate concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control at 24 h incubation. The result of RT-PCR Ciliate-associated methanogens were significantly lower (P<0.05) at MRA-1, MRA-3 and MRA-4 than control at 24 h incubation. Based on the present results, MRA-4 could be suggestible methane emission inhibitor as a natural feed additive.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.683-691
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure the yield and to evaluate the physiological activity of Cannabis sativa seed(Hemp seed) extracts extracted using a density fluctuation supercritical carbon dioxide for each temperature condition-30℃(HSSE30), 45℃(HSSE45), 60℃(HSSE60), and to enable dissolution of the poorly water-soluble extracts by liposome formulation and to enhance the skin permeability. As a result of the yield measurement, HSSE60 showed the highest yield, and in the antioxidant activities, HSSE45 had the highest total polyphenol content, and showed the highest DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activities at the highest concentration of the extracts. As a result of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, a clear zone appeared only in the Propionibateium acnes strain. It was confirmed that particle size was reduced and the absolute value of the zeta potential increased in the case of the formulation in which the extracts were in liposomes than in the formulation in which the extracts were dissolved in deionized water, and the skin permeability was improved. Based on these experimental results, we confirmed the possibility of using the hemp seed supercritical carbon dioxide extracts, a poorly water-soluble extract, can be applied as a functional natural material for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2023

In this study, microstructure and basic property analysis of DG (Desulfurization gypsum) and CCMs (Carbondioxide conversion capture materials) made by reacting CO₂ with DG were conducted to analyze applicability as a cement admixture. The main crystalline phases of DG were CaO and CaSO₄, and CCMs were CaSO₄, CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂ and CaSO₄·H₂O. As a result of particle size analysis, the difference in average particle sizes between the two materials was about 7 ㎛. No major heavy metals were detected in the CCMs, and as a result o f TGA, the CO₂ decomposition of CCMs was more than twice as high as that of DG. Therefore, it was judged that CCMs could be used as a cement admixture through optimization of manufacturing conditions. As a results of measuring the strength behavior of DG and CCMs mixture ratios, the long-term strength of CCMs-mixed mortar was higher, and this is due to the filler effect of CaCO₃ in CCMs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2022

녹비작물은 천연비료로서 화학비료 사용량을 감소시키고 이산화탄소를 흡수해 농업분야에서 온실가스 저감을 위해 사용하고 있다. 녹비작물을 이용하여 지속가능한 친환경 농업의 필요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 화본과 녹비작물은 두과 녹비작물에 비해 탄소 물질의 함량과 biomass가 상대적으로 높아 토양 내 유기물증진을 위한 재배에 적합하다. 이에 화본과 녹비작물 중 하나인 수단그라스의 발아 및 휴면특성 검정을 진행하여 발아 적정조건을 찾아 유기종자 생산기술 개발을 위한 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 수단그라스 4품종(GW104G, Cadan99B, TE-Evergreen, Sweet home)을 공시품종으로 사용하였다. 표준발아검사에 따라 각 품종별 종자를 100립씩 3반복 치상하여 10일간 발아검정 진행 후 발아율, 발아세, 평균발아일수, 발아속도를 조사하였다. 첫 번째 실험은 침종시간 및 치상온도별 실험으로 시간별(무처리/5/10/15/20/25hr)로 침종한 후, 생장상(10/20/30/40℃)에 보관하여 정상아 개수를 파악하였다. 두 번째 실험은 휴면타파 실험으로 1~5일 동안 종자를 예냉(무처리/5/10/15℃)과 고온(50℃) 처리한 후, 첫 번째 실험 결과에 따라 발아 최적 조건(침종 20hr, 치상온도 20℃)에서 발아시킨 후 정상아 개수를 파악하였다. 수단그라스 4품종의 치상온도별 발아율은 20℃에서 평균 92±6.9%로 가장 높았으며, TE-evergreen의 경우 치상온도 10℃에서 10시간, 20℃에서 20시간, 30와 40℃에서 15시간 침종한 값이 유의적으로 높은 발아율을 보였다. 수단그라스 4품종의 평균발아일수(MGT)는 침종 20시간과 치상온도 30℃일 때 평균 1.21±1.14일로 가장 빨랐으며 발아속도(GR)는 침종 20시간과 치상온도 20℃의 조건일 때 89.9±5.92로 가장 빨랐다. 수단그라스 4품종의 휴면타파 온도별 발아율은 10℃에서 평균 92±9.3%로 가장 높았다. TE-evergreen의 경우 휴면타파 온도 5, 10, 15℃에서 4~5일 동안 처리한 값이 무처리와 50℃처리에 비해 유의적으로 높은 발아율을 보였다. 수단그라스 발아검사 결과, 20시간 침종 후 20~40℃에서 2~3일간 발아시킬 경우 90%이상의 발아율을 보이므로 파종을 위한 종자 전처리를 할 경우 이와 같은 조건에서 진행하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2024

In light of the development of modern high-tech industries, where human sustainability is becoming increasingly important, anorthosite needs to be reevaluated not only for its potential as a new source of aluminum, but also as a primary resource with a wide range of industrial applications. In particular, a relatively simple chemical composition with a high CaO content and Al₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio, along with its relatively low impurity levels and chemically stable nature offers significant advantages in industrial processes. Thus, anorthosite is considered as an important industrial resource in the age of energy transition. In this review, we examine the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of anorthosite that determines their stability and reactivity. Based on their characteristics, we propose the potential use of utilizing the anorthosite as an alternative to the Bayer process which has the limitations. We also explore its application as the eco-friendly geo-synthetic materials, and as the new materials for carbon dioxide storage and utilization. As the demand for aluminum applications accelerates, anorthosite is gaining their importance in the geological industry and clean energy field. Therefore, advanced and extensive research on anorthosite complex occurring in the Hadong and Sancheong regions of Korea is critical to obtain opportunities to enhance economic advantages through efficient utilization of national resources and to lead to sustainable development.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2015

Recently, carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques have been globally studied. This study was conducted to use waste cement powder as an efficient raw material of mineral carbonation for $CO_2$ sequestration. Direct aqueous carbonation experiment was conducted with injecting pure $CO_2$ gas (99.9%) to a reactor containing $200m{\ell}$ reacting solution and the pulverized cement paste (W:C = 6:4) having particle size less than 0.15 mm. The effects of two additives (NaCl, $MgCl_2$) in carbonation were analyzed. The characteristics of carbonate minerals and carbonation process according to the type of additives and pH change were carefully evaluated. pH of reacting solution was gradually decreased with injecting $CO_2$ gas. $Ca^{2+}$ ion concentration in $MgCl_2$ containing solution was continuously decreased. In none $MgCl_2$ solution, however, $Ca^{2+}$ ion concentration was increased again as pH decreased. This is probably due to the dissolution of newly formed carbonate mineral in low pH solution. XRD analysis indicates that calcite is dominant carbonate mineral in none $MgCl_2$ solution whereas aragonite is dominant in $MgCl_2$ containing solution. Unstable vaterite formed in early stage of experiment was transformed to well crystallized calcite with decreasing pH in the absence of $MgCl_2$ additives. In the presence of $MgCl_2$ additives, the content of aragonite was increased with decreasing pH whereas the content of calite was decreased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.637-647
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• 1999

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the major contributing causes of early graft failure in lung transplantation. It has been suggested that triiodothyronine (T3) may ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury to various organs in vivo and in vitro. Predicting its beneficial effect for ischemic lung injury, we set out to demonstrate it by administering T3 into the in situ canine ischemia-reperfusion model. Material and Method: Sixteen adult mongrel dogs were randomly allocated into group A and B. T3 $(3.6\mug/kg)$ was administered before the initiation of single lung ischemia in group B, whereas the same amount of saline was administered in group A. Ischemia was induced in the left lung by clamping the left hilum for 100 minutes. After reperfusion, various hemodynamic parameters and blood gases were analyzed for 4 hours while intermittently clamping the right hilum in order to allow observation of the injured left lung function. Result: Arterial oxygen partial pressure $(PaO_2)$ decreased 30 minutes after reperfusion and recovered gradually thereafter in both groups. In group B the decrease of $PaO_2$ was less marked than in group A. The recovery of $PaO_2$ was faster in group B than in group A. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant from 30 minutes after reperfusion $(125\pm34$ mmHg and $252\pm44$ mmHg, p<0.05) until the end of the experiment $(178\pm42$mmHg and $330\pm37$ mmHg, p<0.05). The differences in the arterial carbon dioxide pressure, airway pressure and lung compliance showed no statistical significance. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level, measured from the tissue obtained 240 minutes after reperfusion, was lower in group B $(0.40\pm0.04\mu$M) than in group A $(0.53\pm0.05\mu$M, p<0.05). The ATP level of group B $(0.69\pm0.07\mu$M/g) was significantly higher than that of group A $(0.48\pm0.07\mu$M/g, p<0.05). The microscopic exami nation revealed varying degrees of injury such as perivascular neutrophil infiltration, capillary hemorrhage and interstitial congestion. There were no differences in the microscopic findings between the two groups. CONCLUSION T3 has beneficial effects on the ischemic canine lung injury including preservation of oxygenation capacity, less production of lipid peroxidation products and a higher level of tissue ATP. These results suggest that T3 is effective in pulmonary allograft preservation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.413-421
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• 1999

Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury is known to contribute to the major causes of the early graft failure in lung transplantation. Triiodothyronine (T3) has been suggested to ameliorate ischemia reperfusion injury from both in vivo and in vitro experiments of various organs. Prospecting its beneficial effect for pulmonary allograft preservation, we made a new solution by adding T3 into the extracellular type dextran solution. Material and Method: Twelve adult mongrel dogs underwent left lung allotransplantation. Six donor dogs were flushed with the new solution(Group 1, n=6), and the remaining six were flushed with Euro-Collins solution to serve as controls(Group 2, n=6). Allografts were stored in each preservation solution for 20 hours at 4$^{\circ}C$. Left single lung transplantations were performed. The right pulmonary artery and the right main bronchus were clamped at 15 minutes after the reperfusion and maintained throughout the experiment to evaluate the transplanted left lung function. Result: Arterial carbon dioxide tension was better in group 1 than in group 2 throughout the experiment period and the difference was statistically significant at 2 hours after reperfusion(28.0${\pm}$3.0 mmHg and 53.1${\pm}$17.4 mmHg, p<0.05). The differences of arterial oxygen partial pressure, peak airway pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance showed no statistical significance. The malondialdehyde(MDA) level, measured from tissue obtained at 120 minutes after reperfusion showed no statistically significant difference. The tissue wet/dry ratio of group 1(649${\pm}$27 %) was significantly lower than that of group 2(686${\pm}$71 %, p<0.05). The microscopic examination revealed varying degrees of injury represented mainly by findings such as perivascular neutrophil infiltration, capillary hemorrhage and interstitial congestion. These findings were less severe in group 1 than those in group 2. Conclusion: The new solution demonstrated superior allograft preservation after 20 hour ischemia compared to Euro-Collins solution in canine single left lung transplantation model, these results suggest that T3 might be a promising agent for pulmonary allograft preservation.