• Title/Summary/Keyword: 이산화탄소 포화도

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Processing of Polyurhane Microcellular Foam for Thermal Insulation (단열재용 폴리우레탄 미세포 포움의 가공)

  • 윤재륜
    • The Korean Journal of Rheology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.190-199
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    • 1997
  • 단열용도의 폴리우레탄 미세포 포움의 가공에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 미세포 구조 를 얻기 위해서는 핵생성율을 증진시키고 균일한 분포의 기포를 생성시켜야 한다. 이를 위 해 이산화탄소 기체를 풀리올과 이소시아네이트에 각각 과포화시키고 충돌혼합하여 초음파 가진을 적용하였다. 이산화탄소 기체가 수지 내부에서 기포 내부로 확산함에 따라 기포의 성장이 조절된다고 가정하고 금형이 충전되는 동안에 금형 내부에서의 기포성장기구를 이해 하기 위하여 수치적인 방법으로 이론적 연구를 수행하였다. 경화 시간과 확산 경계를 고려 하여 최종적인 기포의 크기를 계산하였으며 반응속도론을 고려하여 중합반응동안의 폴리우 레탄의 점도의 변화를 예측하고 경화 시간을 결정하였다. 실험적으로 결정된 기체 분자수를 기준으로 하여 이론적으로 확산경계를 예측하였다. 화학적 발포제인 물과 함께 물리적 발포 제인 이산화탄소를 각각 1,2,3기압의 포화압력으로 변화시키면서 폴리올과 이소시아네이트에 포화시켜 폴리우레탄 포움을 제작하고 제작된 포움의 밀도, 열전도도, 및 기포의 수와 지름 을 측정하였다. 측정된 결과로부터 이산화탄소의 포화압력과 초음파 가진이 포움의 기포핵 생성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다.

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Experimental Study on the Characteristics of CO2 Capture with Spray Towers Using Ammonia Solution (암모니아수 흡수제를 사용하는 분무탑의 이산화탄소 포집 기본특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lim, Youngbok;Choi, Munkyoung;Lee, Jinwon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.165-172
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    • 2014
  • Experiments were conducted to identify basic characteristics of $CO_2$ capture using a spray tower with a single nozzle. Results were evaluated in terms of $CO_2$ saturation which is the main determining factor of regeneration energy, and capture efficiency under various operating conditions. Changes in the capture efficiency under various conditions are well expressed as a monotone increasing function of the relative solvent $(NH_3):CO_2$ flow rate. Although changes in $CO_2$ saturation are also well described as a function of the $NH_3/CO_2$ flow rate ratio, these are expressed as a monotone decreasing function, in contrast with the increasing function of $CO_2$ efficiency. In recent research on the relationship between $CO_2$ saturation and capture efficiency, $CO_2$ saturation was found to decrease when capture efficiency increased. In conclusion, the results show that the amount of solvent used for achieving high capture efficiencies is excessive, as is the amount of regeneration energy needed.

Reservoir Modeling for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery (이산화탄소 지중저장과 원유 회수증진 공정을 위한 저류층 모델링)

  • Kim, Seung-Hyok;Lee, Jong-Min;Yoon, En-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2012
  • Manifold researches for carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been developed and large scale-carbon capture system can be performed recently. Hence, the technologies for $CO_2$ sequestration or storage become necessary to handle the captured $CO_2$. Among them, enhanced oil recovery using $CO_2$ can be a solution since it guarantees both oil recovery and $CO_2$ sequestration. In this study, the miscible flow of oil and $CO_2$ in porous media is modeled to analyze the effect of enhanced oil recovery and $CO_2$ sequestration. Based on Darcy-Muskat law, the equation is modified to consider miscibility of oil and $CO_2$ and the change of viscosity. Finite volume method is used for numerical modeling. As results, the pressure and oil saturation changes with time can be predicted when oil, water, and $CO_2$ are injected, respectively, and $CO_2$ injection is more efficient than water injection for oil recovery.

Measurement of Gain Coefficient and Saturation Power of CW Waveguide CO_2$$ Laser (연속발진 도파형 이산화탄소 레이저의 이득계수 및 포화출력 측정)

  • 이승걸;김현태;박대윤
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.162-168
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    • 1990
  • Two ZnSe loss plates were installed in the resonator of waveguide CO2 laser which consisted of Pyrex capillary tube in order to change the internal loss. By rotating the loss plates, the output variations with the internalloss was measured on various discharge conditions. The variations could be explained by the Rigrod theory. and the saturation power and the unsaturated gain coefficient were determined by fitting of the experimental results. It was found that the saturation power increased while the unsaturated gain coefficient reduced as the discharge current or the gas flow rate increased.reased.

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Cooling and Antisolvent Crystallization of Potassium Bicarbonate in the Presence of Sterically Hindered Alkanolamines (입체 장애 알카놀아민 혼합 수용액에서 중탄산칼륨 결정의 냉각 반용매 결정화)

  • Jo, Chang Sin;Jung, Taesung;Yoon, Hyoung Chul;Kim, Jong-Nam;Rhee, Young Woo
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2014
  • $CO_2$ absorption processes have a good potential for large scale capture of $CO_2$ but a large amount of absorbing solution has to be regenerated, undesirably increasing the consumption of energy such as sensible heat and latent heat of vaporization. In this study, a cooling crystallization process which would separate the $CO_2$-rich potassium bicarbonate crystals from $CO_2$-lean water was developed to reduce the energy penalty. Sterically hindered alkanolamine additives were used to enhance the $CO_2$ removal efficiency and their antisolvent effect on the crystallization was found in a continuous cooling crystallizer. The production yields of crystals were increased in the sequence of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) < 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) < 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (AHPD), which are related to the number of hydroxyl groups in the additive molecules. Using $^{13}carbon$ nuclear magnetic resonance, the additives favored the formation of bicarbonate ions by steric hindrance effect and increased the supersaturation of $KHCO_3$. It is shown that the additives increase the mean size of crystals and crystal growth rate by increasing supersaturation. The additives are promising for enhancing the $CO_2$ removal efficiency and reducing the regeneration energy cost of $CO_2$ absorbing solution by promoting $KHCO_3$ crystallization.

Development of Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Method for CO2 Sequestration and Its Application to Sleipner Project (이산화탄소 지중저장을 위한 수리-역학 연동 해석 기술 개발 및 적용 - 슬라이프너 프로젝트)

  • Kwon, Sangki;Lee, Hyeji
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.146-160
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    • 2017
  • $CO_2$ sequestration for alleviating global warming is a hot issue in the world. In this study, TOUGH2 and FLAC3D were combined for analyzing the hyro-mechanical coupling behaviors expected in $CO_2$ sequestration and applied it to Sleipner project carried out in Norway. In the analysis, the influence of pore pressure on in situ stress was considered and the influence of caprock permeability on hydro-mechanical behaviors was analyzed. In the condition of constant injection rate, pressure and saturation at the injection well, liquid and gas saturation in rock, major and minor stress variations with time and distance from the injection well, and horizontal and vertical displacements after injection could be investigated. The major principal stress was quickly increased in the early stage and then slowly decreased to a stable value, which was higher than the initial value. In contrast, the minor principal stress returned to initial value after some increase in the early stage. Surface upheaval was steadily increased and it was up to 15mm in 2 years after injection. When the caprock's permeability was changed from $3e-15m^2{\sim}3e-18m^2$, it was found that the injection well pressure and surface upheaval were inversely propotional to the permeability.

Experimental Study on Characteristics of Evaporation Heat Transfer of CO2 in a Smooth Tube (평활관에서 이산화탄소의 증발열전달 특성에 관한 실험연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Jae;Choi, Jun-Young;Lee, Jae-Heon;Kwon, Young-Chul
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.181-186
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    • 2007
  • In order to investigate the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop during evaporation of $CO_2$, basic experiment on the evaporation heat transfer characteristics in a horizontal smooth tube was performed. The experimental apparatus consisted of a test section, a DC power supply, a heater, a chiller, a mass flow meter, a pump and a measurement system. Experiment was conducted for various mass fluxes ($200{\sim}1200\;kg/m^2s$), heat fluxes ($10{\sim}80\;kW/m^2$) and saturation temperatures ($-5{\sim}5^{\circ}C$). With the increase of quality, the evaporation heat transfer coefficient decreased. With the increase of heat flux, the evaporation heat transfer coefficient increased. Significantly change of the heat transfer coefficient was observed at any heat flux and mass flux. With the increase of saturation temperature, the heat transfer coefficient increased. Pressure drop increased with the increase of mass flux and the decrease of saturation temperature.

Monitoring and detecting $CO_2$ injected into water-saturated sandstone with joint seismic and resistivity measurements (탄성파 및 비저항 동시측정에 의한 수포화 암석시료에 주입된 $CO_2$ 모니터링 및 탐지)

  • Kim, Jong-Wook;Matsuoka, Toshifumi;Xue, Ziqiu
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 2011
  • As part of basic studies of monitoring carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) storage using electrical and seismic surveys, laboratory experiments have been conducted to measure resistivity and P-wave velocity changes due to the injection of $CO_2$ into water-saturated sandstone. The rock sample used is a cylinder of Berea sandstone. $CO_2$ was injected under supercritical conditions (10 MPa, $40^{\circ}C$). The experimental results show that resistivity increases monotonously throughout the injection period, while P-wave velocity and amplitude decrease drastically due to the supercritical $CO_2$ injection. A reconstructed P-wave velocity tomogram clearly images $CO_2$ migration in the sandstone sample. Both resistivity and seismic velocity are useful for monitoring $CO_2$ behaviour. P-wave velocity, however, is less sensitive than resistivity when the $CO_2$ saturation is greater than ~20%. The result indicates that the saturation estimation from resistivity can effectively complement the difficulty of $CO_2$ saturation estimations from seismic velocity variations. By combining resistivity and seismic velocity we were able to estimate $CO_2$ saturation distribution and the injected $CO_2$ behaviour in our sample.

Characteristic of Injection According to CO2 Phases Using Surfactants (계면활성제를 활용한 이산화탄소 상태에 따른 주입특성 평가)

  • Seokgu Gang;Jongwon Jung
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2023
  • The engineering industry heavily relies on fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum to generate energy through combustion. However, this process emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to global warming. To mitigate this issue, researchers have explored various methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, one of which is carbon dioxide underground storage technology. This innovative technology involves capturing carbon dioxide from industrial plants and injecting it into the saturated ground layer beneath the earth's surface, storing it securely underground. Despite its potential benefits, carbon dioxide underground storage efficiency needs improvement to optimize storage in a limited space. To address this challenge, our research team has focused on improving storage efficiency by utilizing surfactants. Furthermore, we evaluated how different carbon dioxide states, including gaseous, liquid, and supercritical, impact storage efficiency based on their respective pressures and temperatures within the underground reservoir. Our findings indicate that using surfactants and optimizing the injection rate can effectively enhance storage efficiency across all carbon dioxide states. This research will pave the way for more efficient carbon dioxide underground storage, contributing to mitigating the environmental impact of fossil fuels on the planet.

Experimental Study on Estimation of $CO_2$ Saturation by the Electrical Resistivity Monitoring during $CO_2$ Injection for Rock Samples ($CO_2$ 지중저장에 의한 전기비저항 모니터링 및 포화도 예측을 위한 실험 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Wook;Song, Young-Soo
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.388-396
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    • 2010
  • As a part of basic studies on monitoring and saturation estimation of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) storage using resistivity survey, laboratory experiment has been conducted to measure the change of the electrical resistivity through repeated experiments of supercritical $CO_2$ and brine water injection into homogeneous and heterogeneous sandstones. The $CO_2$ saturation is estimated by using resistivity index based on the resistivity measurements. The experimental results of two types of sandstones show that the effect of pore structure in the rock and the effect of contained clay minerals in the rock can be affected to calculate the $CO_2$ saturation. The result can be useful to evaluate the $CO_2$ saturation based on resistivity survey at the site where $CO_2 sequestrates.