• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2010

This paper addresses recent status and trends of carbon dioxide capture technologies using dry sorbents in the flue gas. The advantages of dry sorbent $CO_2$ capture technology are broader operating temperature range, less energy loss, less waste water, less corrosion problem, and natural properties of solid wastes. Recently, U.S.A. and Korea have been developing processes capturing $CO_2$ from real coal flue gas as well as sorbents improving sorption capacity to decrease total $CO_2$ capture cost. New class of dry sorbents have been developed such as chemisorbents with alkali metals of which material cost is low, amines physically adsorbed on silica supports, amines covalently tethered to the silica support, carbon-supported amines, polymer-supported amines, amine-containing solid organic resins and metal-organic framework. The breakthrough is needed in the materials on dry sorbents to decrease capture cost.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4627-4634
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide is one of the main causes of global warming. In order to develop a novel absorbent, the characteristics of amino acid salts solution as a solvent for $CO_2$ capture in continuous process were investigated. The cost of $CO_2$ capture is almost 70% of total cost of CCS (carbon dioxide capture and storage). In the carbon dioxide capture process, process maintenance costs consist of the absorbent including the absorption, regeneration, degradation, and etc. It is very important to study the characteristics of absorbent in continuous process. In this study, we have investigated the properties of potassium L-lysine (PL) for getting scale-up factors in continuous process. To obtain optimum condition for removal efficiency of $CO_2$ in continuous process by varying liquid-gas (L/G) ratio, concentration of $CO_2$ and absorbent (PL) were tested. The stable condition of absorber and regenerator (L/G) ratio is 3.5. In addition, PL system reveals the highest removal efficiency of $CO_2$ with 3.5 of L/G and 10.5 vol% $CO_2$ ($1.5Nm^3/h$).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2018

This study examines strategies and implementation plans for commercializing $CO_2$ capture and storage, which is an effective method to achieve the national goal of reducing greenhouse gas. In order to secure cost-efficient business model of $CO_2$ capture and storage, we propose four key strategies, including 1) urgent need to select a large-scale storage site and to estimate realistic storage capacity, 2) minimization of source-to-sink distance, 3) cost-effectiveness through technology innovation, and 4) policy implementation to secure public interest and to encourage private sector participation. Based on these strategies, the implementation plans must be designed for enabling $CO_2$ capture and storage to be commercialized until 2030. It is desirable to make those plans in which large-scale demonstration and subsequent commercial projects share a single storage site. In addition, the plans must be able to deliver step-wised targets and assessment processes to decide if the project will move to the next stage or not. The main target of stage 1 (2019 ~ 2021) is that the large-scale storage site will be selected and post-combustion capture technology will be upgraded and commercialized. The site selection, which is prerequisite to forward to the next stage, will be made through exploratory drilling and investigation for candidate sites. The commercial-scale applicability of the capture technology must be ensured at this stage. Stage 2 (2022 ~ 2025) aims design and construction of facility and infrastructure for successful large-scale demonstration (million tons of $CO_2$ per year), i.e., large-scale $CO_2$ capture, transportation, and storage. Based on the achievement of the demonstration project and the maturity of carbon market at the end of stage 2, it is necessary to decide whether to enter commercialization of $CO_2$ capture and storage. If the commercialization project is decided, it will be possible to capture and storage 4 million tons of $CO_2$ per year by the private sector in stage 3 (2026 ~ 2030). The existing facility, infrastructure, and capture plant will be upgraded and supplemented, which allows the commercialization project to be cost-effective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6439-6444
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• 2015

With increasing concern about global warming, CCS (Carbon dioxide capture and storage) has attracted much attention as a promising technology for reducing $CO_2$ emission. It is necessary to develop the cost-effective absorbents materials in order to rapid commercialize CCS technologies. In this work, he study for the promotion of absorption rate in $CO_2$ capture system using metal nanoparticle were investigated. Three kinds of metal nanoparticle, cobalt, zinc, and nickel, were prepared by wet and dry method and effect of preparation method on the absorption rate of $CO_2$ were compared. Among the tested using pH method, nickel nanoparticle prepared by wet method showed the most significant improvement of $CO_2$ absorption rate. In case that metal nanoparticle is applied to CCS process, it is expected to be more efficient in $CO_2$ capture process due to reduce the size of absorption tower.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.373-382
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• 2016

Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage/Sequestration (CCS) technology has attracted attention as an ideal method for most carbon dioxide reduction needs. When the collected carbon dioxide is transported to storage via pipelines, the direct transport is made if the storage is close, otherwise it can also be transported via an intermediate storage hub. Determining the number and the location of the intermediate storage hubs is an important problem. A decision-making algorithm using a mathematical model for solving the problem requires considerably more variables and constraints to describe the multi-objective decision, but the computational complexity of the problem increases and it also does not guarantee the optimality. This research proposes an algorithm to determine the location and the number of the intermediate storage hub and develop a simulator for the connection network of the carbon dioxide emission site. The simulator also provides the course of transportation of the carbon dioxide. As a case study, this model is applied to Korea.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2008

In this study, computer simulation works have been performed for the capture process of the $CO_2$ and $H_{2}S$ gases contained in the effluent stream using methanol aqueous solution. In order to increase the solubilities of the $CO_2$ and $H_{2}S$ in the methanol aqueous stream, the operating pressure of the absorber was raised to 30 bar and the feeding temperature of the solvent was lowered to $-20^{\circ}C$ by using refrigeration cycle. NRTL liquid activity coefficient model was used to estimate the liquid phase nonidealities for methanol and water. Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state was used for the vapor phase nonidealities. Henry's law option was also used to calculate the solubilities of the supercritical noncondensible gases into the methanol aqueous solvent stream.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2009

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has been regarded as one of the most possible and practical option to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and consequently to mitigate the climate change. Korean government also have started a 10-year R&D project on $CO_2$ storage in sea-bed geological structure including gas field and deep saline aquifer since 2005. Various relevant researches are carried out to cover the initial survey of suitable geological structure storage site, monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design of $CO_2$ transport and storage process and the risk assessment and management related to $CO_2$ leakage from engineered and geological processes. Leakage of $CO_2$ to the marine environment can change the chemistry of seawater including the pH and carbonate composition and also influence adversely on the diverse living organisms in ecosystems. Recently, IMO (International Maritime Organization) have developed the risk assessment and management framework for the $CO_2$ sequestration in sub-seabed geological structures (CS-SSGS) and considered the sequestration as a waste management option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This framework for CS-SSGS aims to provide generic guidance to the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, in order to characterize the risks to the marine environment from CS-SSGS on a site-specific basis and also to collect the necessary information to develop a management strategy to address uncertainties and any residual risks. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) plan for $CO_2$ storage work should include site selection and characterization, exposure assessment with probable leak scenario, risk assessment from direct and in-direct impact to the living organisms and risk management strategy. Domestic trial of the $CO_2$ capture and sequestration in to the marine geologic formation also should be accomplished through risk management with specified ERA approaches based on the IMO framework. The risk assessment procedure for $CO_2$ marine storage should contain the following components; 1) prediction of leakage probabilities with the reliable leakage scenarios from both engineered and geological part, 2) understanding on physio-chemical fate of $CO_2$ in marine environment especially for the candidate sites, 3) exposure assessment methods for various receptors in marine environments, 4) database production on the toxic effect of $CO_2$ to the ecologically and economically important species, and finally 5) development of surveillance procedures on the environmental changes with adequate monitoring techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

Activated carbon impregnated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) was evaluated as a functionalized adsorbent for $CO_2$ capture. The $CO_2$ adsorption characteristics of the adsorbents was undertaken using GC/TCD, BET surface area and FT-IR. A series of adsorbents were synthesized by impregnating 10, 30, 50 wt% of PEI on activated carbons and were investigated $CO_2$ adsorption capacity at high and low adsorption temperature. The $CO_2$ adsorption capacity at $20^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ was as follow: AC > PEI(10)-AC > PEI(30)-AC > PEI(50)-AC at $20^{\circ}C$ and PEI(10)-AC > PEI(30)-AC > PEI(50)-AC > AC at $100^{\circ}C$. Adsorption capacities of amine functionalized AC was lager than virgin AC at high temperature due to chemisorption by amino-group content. From the results, the PEI(10)-AC showed one of the most promising adsorbents for $CO_2$ capture from flue gas at high temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.465-474
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• 2022

In order to achieve carbon neutrality, it is necessary to commercialize and popularize carbon dioxide capture technology, so the purpose of this study is to put forward the design of public facilities suitable for public environment. In the design direction of public facilities for carbon capture and environmental purification, the application of carbon capture technology in air, the application of carbon capture and adsorption materials, and carbon reduction recycling are selected for development. In order to achieve carbon neutrality, this study develops a new concept of public facility design which is different from the existing public facilities in public space. From this point of view, it has great enlightenment significance. Public facilities adopting carbon-neutral technology are environmentally friendly public facilities that conform to the times, and can be installed in parks, roads and other spaces. With the rest of citizens and the role of communities, it is expected to contribute to popularization and activation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.431-438
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• 2012

The $CO_2$ capture technology using an aqueous amine solution is studied widely now. The entire process consists of an absorber to remove carbon dioxide selectively and a regenerator to regenerate absorbent and acquire pure carbon dioxide. Because there are the complicated design variables that affect performance of the process, it needs optimization and analysis through modeling to make a commercially reliable process. In this study, the decomposition method was proposed to consider convergence problem and sensitivity analysis was executed for the carbon dioxide capture process variables. Non-equilibrium model was used in the simulation to get more realistic results and we designed optimized process with more than 95% purity and 90% recovery.