• TTA Journal
• /
• s.70
• /
• pp.55-57
• /
• 2000

정보통신표준화운영규정 제8조(의결), 제9조(투표단위), 제10조(의결방법), 제29조(표준화 과제의 채택 등)에 의거한 제19차 정보통신표준총회(2000. 7. 13)가 개최되어 총 309건의 정보통신단체표준(TTAS)이 제정되고 1건이 개정되었으며, 6건의 표준화 과제가 선정되고 8건이 폐지되었다. 이번에 제/개정된 310건의 단체표준은 통신망분야 1건, 통신망운용관리분야 12건, 정보화분야 2건, 정보보호분야 2건, 전파통신분야 1건, 차세대이동통신분야 292건으로 새로이 제정된 단체표준 및 개정된 단체표준 중 일부표준을 선정하여 표준내용을 요약$\cdot$소개한다.

• TTA Journal
• /
• s.69
• /
• pp.60-61
• /
• 2000

정보통신표준화운영규정 제8조(의결), 제9조(투표단위), 제10조(의결방법), 제29조(표준화 과제의 채택 등)에 의거한 제18차 정보통신표준총회(서면의결/2000.3.15$\~$25)가 개최되어 총 143건의 정보통신단체표준(TTAS)이 제정되고 총 237건의 표준화 과제가 선정되었다. 이번에 제정된 143건의 단체표준은 IMT-2000분야 130건, 서비스 및 단말분야 2건, 데이터분야 8건, 정보보호분야 3건으로 새로이 제정된 단체표준 중 일부표준을 선정하여 표준내용을 요약$\cdot$소개한다.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
• /
• no.33
• /
• pp.153-184
• /
• 2016

This study investigates the funeral rituals practiced by the Joseon Dynasty as recorded about Lee Mun Geon (1494~1567, a.k.a Mukjae), who mourned by the grave of his deceased mother, Ms. Shin (1463~1535), a woman whose family's origin was Goryeon. The study focuse on the rituals performed by Lee after his mother's death, his participation in the funeral, and his mourning specifically as an individual who has lost his parent. Reviewing Lee's mourning life beside the grave, the contents of diary belonging to a nobleman in the middle of Joseon Dynasty were studied aimsing to find out the meaning of rituals, the overall recognition accorded to death, and the filial duties that were carried out by the noblemen of the time. Although noblemen in the middle of Joseon Dynasty ceaselessly attempted to change the observance of funeral rituals through legislation, it was difficult to change the mindset of the people, who fllowed the deep-rooted traditions of long history. It must be acknowledged that the Joseon Dynasty had a different cultural background than that of China. There was a fundamental problem when they tried to adapt The Family Rituals of Zhu Xi, followed by the Chinese, to the Joseon society. Although The Family Rituals of Zhu Xi emphasized ancestral rites focusing on enshrining mortuary tablets and the importance of establishing the family shrine hundred times, noblemen in the mid-Joseon Dynasty period cared for their parents in the grave by mourning for them than by following such practice. The solemn memorial service held in front of the grave, and the annual ritual service on the death anniversary were far more important to the noblemen in the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Amid such contradictions, the noblemen accepted and performed the mourning rituals beside the grave of their parent. Human beings across the ages have always dwelt upon thoughts of the afterlife. Most people believe that they attain a state after the death of their physicalbody. If humans did not have such thoughts, they would not be bothered if death occurs on being hit by a car on the street. Thus, human beings often think of the ritual services related to death, although in different forms. Therefore, mourning by the grave of their parent held great significance among the noblemen of the Joseon Dynasty as a sign of their filial piety.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.50
• /
• pp.179-209
• /
• 2013

This study takes as its text "Yangarok", the record written by Mukjae Lee Mun Geon (1494-1567) about his grandson rearing and examines the conflicts between the grandfather and the grandson. The reason it is focused on the conflicts between the grandfather and the grandson particularly among many aspects of Yangarok is that the paper notices the dual feelings of love and hatred lying in the mind of Mukjae, the subject of the narrative. Because the record of grandson rearing plainly reflects the dual elements of the grandfather, love and hatred, expectation and disappointment, and hope and resignation, it shows the acute conflicts between the two persons well. At the time of the grandson's birth, Mukjae went through a gloomy period both in family and socially. He had to taste tremendous frustration in the status as an exile pushed back from the center of the political world, and his only son was handicapped, so he could not expect his caring after that. Spending each day in such frustration, he faced the birth of his grandson just like a miracle. However, the excitedness and expectation he had in the beginning of the child raising were turned into disappointment and complaining as time went by. His change lets us think about the distance between love and hatred existing in human relations. This study analyzes Yangarok but is focused on the conflicts between the grandfather and the grandson for further discussion, so it attempts to understand Yangarok from a different perspective. First of all, Chapter 2 of this article notices the fact that cause results in effect and examines the ultimate factors raising grandfather-grandson conflicts. Next, Chapter 3 considers the concrete aspects of grandfather-grandson conflicts. Based on the above examination on the causes and aspects of the conflicts, Chapter 4 focuses on the value that Yangarok has as the material for introspection and lays the ground to think about the messages that this record implies for contemporaries.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.246-253
• /
• 1989

새로운 문제해충을 찾아내려면 작물별로 전국적인 survey가 이루어져야 한다. 인력과 경비면 그리고 수행상의 어려움이 있으므로 경작자나 그 지역의 농촌지도소를 통하여 문의.의뢰된 해충들을 살펴보면 그 해의 대체적인 해충발생상황을 알아볼 수 있다고 생각된다. 농업기술연구소 곤충과에는 1988년 40건의 민원과 의뢰사항이 접수.처리되었다(표 1). 그중 해충동정 및 방제법에 대한 것이 31건, 현지발생행동조사 의뢰 3건, 해충관계자료에 대한 문의가 3건 등이었다. 접수된 민원중에서 일부를 제외하고 각 해충의 발생상황을 작물별로 기술하여 기록을 남김으로서 금후 연구를 의한 기초 자료로 제공코자한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2012.06a
• /
• pp.236-236
• /
• 2012

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2017

Bacteria are among the most common causes of severe diseases in both plants and animals. Salmonella spp. has deleterious effects and is the cause of various transmittable diseases. Because of strains resistivity, side effects and high prices of synthetic antibiotics, it has become essential to explore safe and economical natural sources of antibiotics. In this study, growth inhibitory effects of natural antibiotics present in crude extracts of Galla rhois, Thujae semen, Paeonia japonica, and Armeniacae semen were investigated both in vivo and iv vitro. Ethanol extracts of the above-mentioned plants were prepared and tested against seven serovars of Salmonella and Escherichia coli by disc diffusion method. In addition, the antibacterial effects of the plant extracts were determined in vivo using ducks as model animals. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed using blood and fecal samples of control, infected, and treated groups of the ducks to determine the gene expression levels of the bacteria. Our results confirmed that the Galla rhois ethanol extract had the highest antibacterial activity among the plant extracts when they were used individually. However, the Galla rhois, Thujae semen, and P. japonica ethanol extracts showed stronger antibacterial effects against all the bacterial species used when the extracts were combined at a ratio of 3:3:2, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2023.04a
• /
• pp.32-32
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 16세기 과거에서 낙방한 시권(試紙)인 낙폭지(落幅紙)가 어떻게 재활용되었는지에 대해 고 찰하는 것이 목적이다. 과거 시험 답안지는 시권, 시지(試紙), 명지(名紙), 과지(科紙)라 하였으며 두껍고 품질 좋은 종이가 사용되었다. 국가의 특별한 경사가 있거나 왕이 친림한 과거 시험의 경우 응시자에게 국가에서 시지를 제공하였으나, 그 외 3년마다 치르는 정기시험인 식년시(式年試)는 개인이 별도로 마련하였다. 전국 각 도와 한성부에서 치러졌던 초시(初試)를 비롯한 복시(覆試), 별시(別試), 증광시(增廣試), 춘당대시(春塘臺試) 등 과거 응시자의 수는 조선 후기로 갈수록 증가하였다. 이 때문에 시지 마련은 응시자 개인뿐 아니라 국가의 부담으로 작용하게 되었다. 조선시대 과거에 합격한 시지는 응시자에게 돌려주었으나 불합격한 시지의 경우는 돌려주지 않고 국가에서 재활용하였다. 낙폭지는 북방 군사들의 추위를 막는 방한용 의복인 지의(紙衣)로 사용되었으며, 화전(火箭), 가슴을 가리는 갑옷인 엄심갑(掩心甲), 비를 막는 장막용이나 우의(雨衣)로 사용되었다. 낙폭지는 건물 내부 도배 재료로 초배(初褙)에 이용되었으며, 그림이나 책의 배접용으로 활용되었다. 16세기 『묵재일기』에는 이문건이 32년간 성주 지방에서 유배 생활을 하며 인근 지역 관인(官人)과 지인들을 통해 주기적으로 낙폭지를 입수했던 기록을 살필 수 있다. 지방의 종이 제작 정도, 종이 수급 현황, 낙폭지 재활용에 대한 구체적인 양상을 통해 일상 속 종이 재활용 상황을 파악하는 단서를 제공하였다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of whole body positron emission tomography (PET) using $^{18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose$ ($^{18}F-FDG$) for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 1,762 men and 259 women who voluntarily underwent $^{18}F-FDG$ PET for cancer screening as a part of a routine health examination. Final diagnosis was decided by other diagnostic studies, pathological results or clinical follow-up for 1 year. Results: Of 2,021 subjects, 40 (2.0%) were finally proved to have cancer. Abnormal focal $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake suggesting malignancy was found in 102 subjects (5.0%). Among them, 21 subjects (1.0%) were proved to have cancer. Other tests in the routine health examination could not find 9 of 21 cancers (42.9%) detected by PET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PET for cancer screening were 52.5%, 95.9%, 20.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. Pathologies of cancers missed on PET were adenocarcinoma (n = 9; 3 colon cancers, 3 prostate cancers, 2 stomach cancers, and 1 rectal cancer), differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n = 6), bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (n = 2), urinary bladder cancer (n = 1), and melanoma (n = 1). More than half of cancers which were not detected by PET were smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Conclusion: $^{18}F-FDG$ PET might be useful for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects due to its high specificity and negative predictive value and playa supplementary role to the conventional health check-up, but it could not replace due to limited sensitivity for urological cancers, small-sized tumors and some hypometaboic cancers.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2 s.20
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2007

Neo-Confucianism(性理學) which provided an ideological base to found Chosun Dynasty which substituted for Koryu Dynasty, presented In-Cheong(仁政) as ideal statecraft. In-Cheong(仁政) is realizing spirit of In(仁) which means a forever creating power(生生之心), for that reason it was a natural result that the ruling class of Chosun Dynasty had interest in medical science. Therefore they remarked 'In-Cheong(仁政) has achieved' when medical books were published, also remarked Hwal-In-Seo(活人署） as an institute of realizing Wang-Cheong(王政) while Hwal-In-Seo(活人署) was placed in very low civil service grade, although the ruling class classified medical science as a Chap-Hak(雜學) which means not essential but necessary knowledge, and ranked it much lower than Confucianism. While had improved medical service system of Korea Dynasty, Chosun Dynasty had special interest in local medicine: expanding provincal medical centers, educating a medical student(醫生) in a medical school who was core human power in local medicine, etc. Nevertheless the local medicine was still depressed. The reasons are ; not providing enough medical center, not much fund to run each center and mobilizing a medical student(醫生) for miscellaneous labor. Depressed local medicine had changed when 士族 came to have an interest in medical science. 士族 had read a lots of medical books from the early Chosun Dynasty. 16th century they even wrote some books on medicine by themselves based on their experience as a provincial governor.　On the other hand Yi-Mun-Geon(李文楗) who wrote Muk-Jae Diary belongs to the latter. He did not use the art of acupucture. He was a civil official in Seoul, so he could get a lots of books and enough medical stuffs. After a while. he was exiled in Seong-Ju(星州) and took part in local medicine there. The local medicine was depressed in Seong-Ju(星州) at that time. Yi-Mun-Geon(李文楗) was a kind of medical consultant as well as a local doctor. Such medical doings by Sa-Jok(士族) may be a moment that provide power to local Sa-Jok(士族). Sa-Jok(士族) themselves were enthusiastic in treating their sick slaves because the slaves were financial foundation of Sa-Jok(士族). After 17th century, however, the relative importance which Sa-Jok(士族) in the country had held in 16th century had decreased gradually while professional doctors bad increased.