• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.261-263
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• 2013

방충재(Fender)는 함정의 안전한 접안, 계류 및 선체를 보호하기 위하여 설치된 중요한 안벽시설 중 하나이다. 기존의 고무 방충재는 초기변형 28~30% 정도에서 가장 높은 반력이 발생하여 함정에 지속적인 힘을 가해주기 때문에 선체에 찌그러짐(dent)이 발생하게 되고, 검정색이 착색되기도 하여 선체에 심대한 훼손이 발생하게 된다. 이런 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 초기 반력이 적어 선체의 손상을 일으키지 않고 착색이 되어 선체가 더러워지는 현상을 막는 폼필드 펜더(Foam Filled Fender)를 직접 제작하여 그 결과를 제시하기로 한다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.356-363
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• 1994

By Gaussian optics, a zoom eyepiece is analyzed, which has the diameter of exit pupil 0.5 em, eyerelief 1 em, and angular magnification $M_a=7~15$. The initial design is based on this analysis. Telescope objective which was previously designed has focal length($(f_u')$ 21.0 em, and its clear aperture is 6.2 em. Zoom telescope has half field angle $\beta=1.5^{\circ}$ at the entrance pupil and at exit pupil it is $\beta'=1.5^{\circ}\times(7~15)=10.5^{\circ}~22.5^{\circ}$. Zoom eyepiece consists of three groups, of which each one satisfies the Seidel 3,d order aplanatization. Final design is obtained by optimization for the finite ray aberration, and the zoom eyepiece is assessed on the basis of the resolution of eyes.f eyes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.344-346
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• 2012

대산항 씨텍 제3번 돌핀부두에 최초 설계의 접안능력기준을 약간 상회하는 5만 DWT급 VLGC 선박이 접안작업을 할 경우, 돌핀의 용량에 따른 접안작업 동안의 안전성 여부를 대산항만의 입출항 제한 자연 환경조건을 적용하여 선박 계류측면에서의 안전성을 판단하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 대상선박의 부두에서의 최악의 외력조건과 계류장력과의 관계를 OCIMF에서 연구 발표한 결과를 바탕으로 계류안전성 계산공식을 적용하여 계류안전성을 평가하도록 한다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.358-365
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• 2021

Crabbing motion is a pure sway motion with only sway velocity. The ship's crabbing motion is essential for an ideal berthing/unberthing process. The unberthing situation proceeds in sequential order such as crabbing motion section, pivoting section, and outer port section. For the berthing situation, the sequence has a reverse order: the inner port section, pivoting section, and crabbing motion section. In this paper, the berthing/unberthing data of the reference ship, Pukyong National University research ship "NARA", was analyzed to develop a sway velocity reference model. Several constraints were defined to derive the crabbing motion section during berthing/unberthing. The sway velocity reference model for the auto-berthing/unberthing was developed using the estimated sway velocity. A reproduction simulation of the ship was performed to compare the designed reference model and the reference ship data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.228-229
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• 2018

To deal with the increasing volume of the vessel's cargo in the container flow and the enlargement trend of the vessels, Pusan port is making efforts from various perspectives such as the creation of global infrastructure and the promotion and development of new wharves. If Pusan port can provide and prepare the eligible infrastructures for future berthing of larger vessels. It will be able to operate with vessels larger than 20,000TEU, and it will also be able to grow into one of the main port of the Mega max era.. However, when large vessels dock, many berths, equipment, working time and labors are required. As a result, the problem of delaying time of other consecutive vessels will inevitably arise. In response to this, we analyze the impact and effect of the birthing of a large vessel on other congestion vessels at a container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2014

VLOC와 ULOC를 포함한 케이프급 광탄선과 LNG 운반선 등 수백차례 이상 축적된 거대형 선박조종의 현장겸험을 정리하여 유사한 선박의 조종이나 학술적인 연구에 도움을 주고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1036-1043
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• 2022

This paper discusses about the development of a visual sensor that can be installed in an automatic mooring device to detect the berthing condition of a vessel. Despite controlling the ship's speed and confirming its location to prevent accidents while berthing a vessel, ship collision occurs at the pier every year, causing great economic and environmental damage. Therefore, it is important to develop a visual system that can quickly obtain the information on the speed and location of the vessel to ensure safety of the berthing vessel. In this study, a visual sensor was developed to observe a ship through an image while berthing, and to properly check the ship's status according to the surrounding environment. To obtain the adequacy of the visual sensor to be developed, the sensor characteristics were analyzed in terms of information provided from the existing sensors, that is, detection range, real-timeness, accuracy, and precision. Based on these analysis data, we developed a 3D visual module that can acquire information on objects in real time by conducting conceptual designs of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) type 3D visual system, driving mechanism, and position and force controller for motion tilting system. Finally, performance evaluation of the control system and scan speed test were executed, and the effectiveness of the developed system was confirmed through experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.151-157
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• 1999

선석계획 및 크레인 일정계획은 컨테이너 터미널에서 입항하는 선박들의 빈번한 변동상황에 능동적으로 대처하고 유연하면서도 신속한 의사결정이 가능하도록 여러 명의 전문가가 장기적인 계획을 바탕으로 지속적으로 수정 보완해 나가는 방법으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 선사 및 컨테이너 터미널에서 수시로 변경되는 다양한 요구조건을 수용하는 최적의 선석 및 크레인 일정계획 수립을 위하여 제약만족기법과 휴리스틱 교정(Heuristic Repair)기법을 이용하였다. 선석계획 및 크레인 일정 계획문제는 기본적으로 제약조건 만족문제로 정형화할 수 있지만 선박의 접안위치를 결정하는 문제는 목적함수를 가지는 최적화문제이다. 따라서 이 문제는 제약조건 만족문제와 최적화문제가 혼합된 문제(CSOP, Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization Problem)로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 각 선박의 최적 전압위치를 찾고 최우선 순위 선박의 최적 접안위치로부터 주어진 모든 제약조건을 만족하는 해를 찾는 탐색기법을 활용했고 휴리스틱 교정기법을 사용해서 제약만족기법에서 찾은 해를 교정했다. 우선순위가 가장 높은 선박부터 탐색을 하기 위해 Variable Ordering 기법을 사용했고 그 선박의 최적 접안위치부터 탐색을 해 나가는 Value Ordering 기법을 사용하였다. 실제 부산 신선대 컨테이너 터미널의 선석계획자료를 사용해서 실험을 하였다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2021

The IMO has adopted emission standards that strictly restrict the use of bunker C oil for vessels. Accordingly, research and bunkering pilot projects for LNG fueled ships are being actively carried out, which is expected to substantially reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we have adopted the turret moored Floating LNG Bunkering Terminal (FLBT) designed to receive the LNG from LNGCs and to transfer LNG to LNG bunkering shuttles in ship to ship moored condition. Numerical simulations have been performed with a 1-year return period of wind, wave, and current. Damping values of numerical model were adjusted from the results of model tests to obtain accurate simulation results. The results confirm safe berthing operation during the 1-year return period of environmental condition. Safety depends on the direction of environment, with increasingly stable operation facilitated by the application of heading-control function of FLBT to avoid beam-sea conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.2 s.29
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• pp.147-153
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• 2007

In this paper, the authors calculated maneuvering motions of a large container vessel approaching to the newly built container piers to get alongside to her berth in Busan harbour. The motion calculations were done by using fixed coordinate system and the object of the calculations is to check the maneuvering motions are safe or not for berthing the large vessel to her berth. The result of calculations manifested that a large container vessel can get alongside to the piers without any difficulty under normal weather conditions by using 2 Z. Peller tug boats of 4500 H.P. each and also these demonstrated it is difficult to conduct and get her alongside to the piers under rough weather conditions of wind force 16.9m/sec or more. Under rough weather conditions of 6 by Beaufort scale the average wind velocity is about 13.5m and if we add 25% increase of the normal velocity to it, the wind will becomes a gust of 16.9m/sec. So it is advisable to avoid conducting a large container vessel to the pier under the rough weather conditions of 6 or more by Beaufort scale. Also, it is better to use 3 Z. peller tug boats of 4500 H.P. each under the above mentioned rough weather in a case of unavoidable circumstances.