• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.92-100
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• 2015

Unlike most other planning processes, brownfield planning generally requires a high level of technical and legal expertise due to potential site contamination. To successfully engage in inclusionary decision making, an adaptive collaboration strategy for brownfield planning is therefore critical. This study examines how a communicative planning approach can be used to overcome the challenge of enabling experts from different fields to work alongside lay people from the local community to achieve a properly balanced collaboration in brownfield planning. After identifying appropriate indicators for collaboration through a literature review of established communicative planning theory, these indicators are applied to the brownfield planning process, highlighting critical points of collaboration such as site prioritization, assessment, remediation, and redevelopment throughout. The results suggest the critical need for an adaptive model focusing on three aspects: 1. Facilitation of a balanced dialogue between the experts with social, cultural, and design-based knowledge and the ones with scientific and engineering-based knowledge, 2. Preparation of an appropriate tool for risk communication with the lay people, 3. Development of decision support system for the integration of expert-oriented technical data and public opinion-oriented subjective data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.11c
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• pp.379-398
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• 1999

본 연구는 창의적 문제해결과정에 대한 개념을 신제품 개발 프로젝트에 적용하여 문제해결 관점에서의 신제품개발 성과 모델을 제시하고 있다. 연구개발 프로젝트 팀과 관련한 연구논문들이 그 동안 많이 있었으며, 각각의 이론들은 상호 이질적이고 다른 관점을 취해 연구자와 실무자들에게 다소의 혼란을 야기하여 왔다. 대표적으로 살펴보면 합리적 계획, 의사소통 망, 훈련된 문제해결의 세 개의 차원으로 나누어진다. 이러한 이유로 국내외 학자들은 통합모델을 제시하려고 노력하여 왔다. 그러나 그러한 접근은 신제품 개발의 본질적 성격을 반영하는 새로운 깊이 있는 차원으로서의 모델 통합이 아니라 단순히 영향 요인들의 나열 또는 종합하는 특징을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 신제품 개발 R&D 팀이 본질적으로 문제해결 집단이라는 전제하에 창의적 문제해결을 위한 구성원들의 문제해결 몰입과 해결안의 질적 수준의 향상을 높이기 위하여 R&D 팀의 인지적 다양성과 R&D팀의 위상과 관련하여 R&D 환경 성숙도라는 새로운 변수를 추가하였다. 여기서 제시하는 창의적 문제해결과정으로서의 R&D팀 성과와 관련된 연구모델은 본질적인 것을 다루면서 단순화 된 모델로서 그 동안 여러 관점에서 다루어져 온 개념들을 통합할 뿐만 아니라, 새로운 차원에서 R&D 성과를 높이는데 개념으로 많은 도움을 줄 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

This study was prompted by the recognition that the tenn "Community design" has recently been used in diverse practical fields without prior discussion about its underpinnings, a potentially problematic state of affairs. Based on these problems, this study studied the special quality about the concept of community design. Community design can be discussed from two perspectives. The first views community design as a design that concerns the community, an inhabited area populated with people who have common interests, at least in part because of geographic proximity to each other. The second sees community design as a movement that started in the 1960s and places a great importance on democratic decision making, communication, and collaboration. This study will focus on the latter. This branch of community design encompasses an advocacy planning approach, in which design professionals represent deprived communities in their resistance against comprehensive redevelopment. This was associated to the wider social protest movements of the mid and late 1960s. In the 1970s, this branch of community design was developed alongside community design centers, which provided local-level technical assistance to the communities on a number of issues, such as design and planning. The discussion about community design started in earnest from the early 1980s. A review of the literature m community design reveals several characteristics. First, community design deals with the relationship between the physical environment and several aspects of a region, including the social and cultural. Second, it involves community participation, which many scholars believe is the core of community design. Specifically, community design has been characterized by increased participation and democratic debate and decision making. The Third is about communication methods. Since the 1960s, diverse methods had been developed to promote communication effectively. Finally, community design must consider the relationship between designers, who typically value aesthetics and efficiency of form, and the needs of the community with which they are working. Indeed, some scholars believe that this relationship is generally contentious, although the designer can also be thought of as the facilitator of the community's needs. As community design practice becomes more prevalent, a review of the foundation of institution and policy and the role of experts is also needed. The community design movement bas been theorized ex post facto through diverse discussion that has sought to ascribe meaning and direction to its practice. In other words, the relationship between this theory and practice is cyclical. Therefore, this study can contribute to the virtuous circle.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.354-361
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to provide design information about children facilities, in which children's demands as main users are subject to be missed because of the shortage of children's communication ability in making design decisions. For this purpose various studies on childhood environment-behavior characteristics supporting children's demands are examined. The main part of this paper is divided into two categories, personal characteristics and social characteristics, and each category has several sub-categories. In personal characteristics, issues related to environmental perception and cognition are examined focused on development and change in childhood. Subjects about social characteristics include privacy, personal space, territoriality and density. Each part deals with definition and function of each items, and issues related to environmental design of children's facilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 1976

정신과 영역의 환자를 위해 간호원의 역활을 필요로 한 이래 여러 가지 간호의 개념으로 간호원의 역할이 변화되어오고 있다. 정신과 환자의 안전만이 가장 큰 치료의 중심일 때는 병동열쇠의 위엄에 곁따라 보호관리에만 치중해 왔으며 정신의학에서 약물요법, 전기요법의 치료과정이 생기면서 간호원의 역할 변화 및 지식의 요구를 필요로 하게 되었으며, 환경과 개인의 밀접한 관계를 중시해오면서 치료적 환경속으로 환자의 인간적 치료가 강조되었을 때 의사소통과 대인관계의 인적 환경으로써 또한 간호원의 역활이 중요시 되어왔다. 이런 관점에서 치료적 환경에 대한 정확한 이해는 간호행위과정의 불완전을 제거하며 보다 활발한 정신과 환자간호에 기여하는 일 일 것이다. DR. Bartom은 병실 환경이 비생산적이고 비 치료적일때 성격의 변화는 물론 행동적 특성의 변화까지 가져올 수 있다고 말했다. 즉 무감동적이고, 무조건적 순종이 있으며 솔선하여 행하는 행위가 줄고 장래 계획에 대한 자극이 줄어들고 될대로 되어 가는 상태 그 자체에 머물러 있어 인간의 특징적 의미와 가치를 상실하게 된다는 것이다. 정신과 병실은 잠정적 체류지로 보아야 하겠고 이 체류지에서의 영향이 환자에게 보다 유익하게 끼칠려면 간호원이 지속적으로 치료적 분위기를 유지해야 할 것이다. 치료적 입장으로서의 간호의 활동 초점은 대인관계에서 환자의 의식수준과 자아관련 수준에서의 취급이 무의식 수준에서의 탐구조사보다 바람직하다. 치료적 가치로써 치료적 환경의 이론적 근거를 DR. Sullivan 은 인간의 상호관련 문제에 두고 있다. 즉 상호작용이 존재하는 환경은 어떠한 곳이든 성격에 영향이 있고 이 성격은 대인관계의 복잡성으로부터 결코 떨어질 수 없다는 얘기다. 자아구성 또한 환경의 영향을 받는데 Cumming은 병동환경과 자아구성 재동기간에 밀접성을 시사한바 있다. Visher와 O'sullivan은 정신과적 치료중에서 일상생활에서 경험되어지는 의사소통과 대인관계속에서 학습되어지는 여러 가지가 있기 때문에 매일의 활동획이 치료적 방향으로 계획되어 져야 한다고 말했다. Maxwell Jones 또한 치료적 환경의 유용한 가동은 전 직원의 기여에 있으며 이는 정신건강을 최적으로 올려 줄 것이다. 라고 말했다. 이러한 상황에서 간호원은 의미 없이 환자의 감정 욕구를 깨닫지 못하고 감정지지를 주지 못하며 정서적 긴장을 예방하지 못한 체 환자와의 관계를 유지한다면 현대간호의 개념에서 이탈되어지고 발달되어지지 못한 미숙아 현상이 유지 될 것이다. 보다 바람직한 치료적 환경 유지는 간호로써 환자에게 기여해 주는 일이다. 간호의 역활과 더불어 전문적 태도는 따뜻하고 포용성 있게 그리고 융통성 있게 대함은 물론 간호인 자신의 "자기이용"을 깊이 그리고 치료적으로 이용할 것을 깨달아야 할 것이다. 즉 정신과 병실에서의 간호원 존재 자제가 환자에게 미치는 영향도 고려해야 한다는 것이다. 덧붙여 환자를 위한 일주일 병동 행사표를 Model로 제시하였고 그 안에서의 간호원의 역활을 약술하였다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.135-149
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to determine importance of coaching knowledge and university curriculum from the perspectives of physical activity lectures. This study focused on importance of knowledge on physical activity education, experiences of teaching methods classes and training programs, comparative importance of coaching knowledge and university education, perceived difficulties in coaching and solutions, and coaching related knowledge needed to learn in their university training. Data were collected from 112 physical activity lectures working in commercial, community, and school settings. Results from qualitative and quantitative data revealed that they perceived knowledge of sport pedagogy very important when coaching their classes or members. While they took fewer coaching methods classes in their universities, their experiences from the classes were helpful in coaching. The differences between perceived importance and the level of education were greater in the areas including consultation of members, management of membership, and communication with members. They tried to solve difficulties by themselves or wanted to discuss with colleagues and employers. If possible they also wanted to seek educational consulting. In order to acquire adequate coaching knowledge the lectures need to received systematic training regarding sports skills teaching methods, theories and practices of various sports, and planning of sports skills coaching while they were in university programs.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 2015

To complete various types of finish works with higher quality in much less time, TACT, which was mostly used for high-rise buildings, has been adapted to meet the needs for systematic schedule management in construction sites. However, the effectiveness of adapting TACT has not been shown as expected due to the different perspectives on productivity from both general contractor and subcontractors based on unforeseen conditions according to the types of site. Furthermore, not enough theoretical backgrounds, empirical data, and systematic approaches to solve the fundamental problems caused by each participants' different views on productivity has produced obstacles for establishing effective solutions. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the possible main reasons for having different point of views regarding productivity among various participants of residential building sites using TACT based on literature review, site survey, and interviews. Also, case study was conducted to propose obtainable productivity (OP) regression equation and productivity achievement ratio (PAR) with reduction factors (RFs) and actual productivity (AP) data from an actual construction site. The proposed outcome may assist general contractors converting output management with PPC to productivity management with actual data using PAR. On the other hand, subcontractors would be able to estimate theory-based maximum productivity of construction sites with TACT by using OP. The PAR will enhance the communication between general and sub-contractors for their decision making process. Finally, the main RFs derived from PAR could be used as essential keys for productivity management to increase the economical and operational effectiveness of the construction project.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.510-519
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate how interactions and affective factors are influencing on-line English Grammar courses of higher education. This study addressed the following questions: (1) How are the interactions going in on-line English Grammar courses? (2) Are affective factors influencing effective learning in on-line English Grammar courses? The questionnaire was conducted on 170 college students who have taken on-line English course of K University. The data analysis of 300 college students' responses on their courses showed that e-learning has both positive and negative effects compared to face to face classroom instructions. Analysis showed that the percentage of students who have got negative opinions on e-learning was 17%, while that of students who have got positive opinions was 49.3%. The percentage of those in the middle was 33.3%. However, results demonstrated that immediate feedback and affective factors could be facilitated through Q&A bulletin and feedback program for completing on-line learning. Negative effects of on-line learning can be solved by a planned and well-supported on-line approach that includes a theory-based instructional model rather than the new method replaced by 'blended learning' that combines face-to-face classroom instruction with on-line learning.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2010

As robots are proved to be effective in enhancing students' creativity and problem-solving abilities and satisfying various needs in special education for the gifted, many students participate in private education and after-school robot classes. However, it is difficult for students in the lower social economy class to use robots for their learning because of the high expense of robots. On this point, as a part of u-Learnng project, this research attempts to provide students in the lower social economy class with the opportunities to use robots for one year. At the end of the year, we will compare the experimental group and the control group in order to examine learning effects of using robots. Until now we have found many cases that show positive effects of the use of robots in students' learning.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.12-23
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• 2023

The goal of international development projects is to assist sustainable development in recipient countries through foreign aid from donor countries. However, despite the need for both countries to negotiate and work together from the initial stages to maintain sustainability after the project, clear guidelines or standards have not been established. Additionally, despite the need for donor countries, which are relatively advanced, to understand the situation of recipient countries, many projects are donor-centric and fail to prioritize the value of sustainability. Therefore, this study extracted economic, social, and environmental risks that threaten sustainability through literature review and proposed a sustainability framework based on these criteria. To validate framework, actual international development cases conducted by advanced donor countries such as Australia, the United States, and Japan, in collaboration with South Korea, were analyzed by applying content analysis with the reports, which covers the overall contents from the planning stage to the operation stage. Analysis of sustainability perspectives focused on economy, society and the environment, advanced donor countries emphasized (1) the importance of pre-assessment, (2) the need for coordination with the local population and communities despite the existence of donor-specific values, and (3) addressing economic considerations such as pre-operational and maintenance costs, social communication with the local population, and environmental considerations starting from the initial stages of construction regarding the treatment of pollutants as values to be improved. Compared to other advanced donor countries, the Republic of Korea should also focus on consultation with local residents to achieve social integration, and improve sustainability by deployment the managers in local sites for better negotiation.The proposed framework in this study will serve as a tool to enhance communication among the countries and the locals, with the expectation of increasing project efficiency and sustainability.