• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 2008

It is important to know pedestrian volume to carry out pedestrian safety analysis and pedestrian friendly design. However, it is too difficult to come across research work related to pedestrian volume analysis in the field of transport, due to lack of interests on pedestrian movement. Most transport research has been focused on vehicles and highways rather than pedestrian. On the other hand, in the field of urban studies, there comes an effective tool to estimate pedestrian volumes using Space Syntax theory. This theory twins out to be effective and economic because it only requires network information, which is easy to acquire from maps and field survey. However, this method is different in the way representing networks from the way that is common in the field of transport. To make up for this point, this paper develops a novel measure for estimating pedestrian volume using Dial's algorithm, and applies the model in the two test networks; Insadong and Soongryemoon networks. The application results reveals that developed measure is an effective tool to explain pedestrian volume; a correlation coefficient between the measure and pedestrian volume is 0.713 in Insadong and 0.492 in Soongryemoon, and the goodness of fit($R^2$) of regression models are 0.893 in Insadong and 0.671 in Soongryemoon. This estimation method is significantly less complicated to estimate the effect of a pedestrian network change than Space Syntax theory, which requires special softwares not readily available.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

This study analyzes the visual access opportunities of neighborhood park users using the Space Syntax theory. In order to achieve this goal, 27 neighborhood parks were selected and 27 axial maps drawn according to the spatial configuration of the sites. Based on the axial map data, this study has calculated some specific space syntax indices, including Connectivity, Integration, and Intelligibility using the Axwoman ver 3.0 based on the Arcview 3.2 application. The value of the representative indices were used to examine visual access opportunities presented by the parks. This study was conducted in two aspects: one focusing on the entire space and another focusing on only the main entrance of the parks. The former used integration and intelligibility values and the latter used connectivity and integration values to evaluate the visual access opportunities of the sites. As a result, this study found that some parks, including Joongang, Balsan, and Sangdang, have high visual access opportunities in terms of the spatial configuration surrounding the park, which shows an integration value higher than 2, and also having intelligibility values higher than 0.7. This is the result of the grid land use pattern surrounding the parks and the straight roads that are closely linked to the main entrances of the parks. It is expected that this methodology and results will be used for locating neighborhood parks during the urban planning stage as providing reasonable evidence.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.307-315
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• 2009

The purpose of map generalization is a method of map making to transmit the concise cartographic representation and geographic meaning. New generalization algorithm has been developed to be applied in the digital environments by the development of computer cartography. This study aims to look into possibilities of the multiscale mapping by generalization in application with the coordinate transformation and LoD(level of detail) in the web cartography. A method of the coordinate transformation is to improve a transmission of spatial data. Lod is a method which is making web map with selection spatial data by zoom level of users. Layers for test constructed contour line, stream network, the name of a place, a summit of mountain, and administrative office. The generalization was applied to zoom levels by scale for the linear and polygonal features using XML-Based scalable vector graphics(SVG). Resultantly, storage capacity of data was minimized 41% from 9.76mb to 4.08mb in SVG. Generalization of LoD was applied to map elements by stages of the zoom level. In the first stages of zoom level, the main name of places and administrative office, higher order of stream channels, main summit of mountain was represented, and become increase numbers of map elements in the higher levels. Results of this study can help to improve esthetic map and data minimization in web cartography, and also need to make an efforts to research an algorithm on the map generalization over the web.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2014

The description of vegetation cover and floral composition was undertaken in terms of phytosociological study in Dodamsambong(scenic site no. 44) and Danyangseokmoon(no. 45). In this study a total of 17 $relev{\acute{e}}s$ containing 144 taxa were collected and analyzed. Eight plant communities are differentiated, grouped into 4 physiognomic types: forest type(Buxus microphylla var. koreana-Thuja orientalis community, Tilia mandshurica-Quercus variabilis community, and Cynanchum wilfordii-Pinus densiflora community), mantle type(Cardamine leucantha-Neillia uekii community), secondary meadow type(Galium kinuta-Spodiopogon sibiricus community, Diarthron linifolium-Zoysia japonica community), and crevice type(Patrinia rupestris-Selaginella stauntoniana community, Hypodematium glandulosopilosum community). The vegetation of Dodamsambong and Danyangseokmoon is characterized by local flora, such as calciphilous plants, geological distribution-limit species, and endemic species. The soil depth, slope, and human impact have been identified as the most important differentiating ecological factors. Buxus microphylla var. koreana-Thuja orientalis community, Tilia mandshurica-Quercus variabilis community, and Patrinia rupestris-Selaginella stauntoniana community were evaluated highly by National Vegetation Naturalness. In order to restore the value of specific landscape for scenic site, we should improve the problems of protected area such as wrong management on habitat, forest fragmentation by facilities and decline in vegetation by lack of growing the next succession.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2002

The distributions of suspended particulate matter (SPM), chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) and particulate biogenic silica (PBSi) along the salinity gradient were investigated in the Seomjin River estuary from March 1999 to April 2001. Sampling sites were set based on the surface salinity during each cruise rather than geographic locations. Concentrations of SPM were less than 20 mg/L, suggesting relatively low input of terrestrial SPM despite large freshwater discharge through Seomiin River, Chlorophyll a peaks occurred at 5$\~$ 15 psu salinity zone (10$\~$20 km from Nan Cho Island) in November 1999, at 15$\~$25 psu (10$\~$20 km) salinity zone in April 2000 and at 1$\~$15 psu salinity zone (15$\~$20 km) in October 2000 (ca. 8$\~$58%\mu$g/L). Concentrations of POC, PON and PBSi were also high at the same zone. Relatively low ratios of POC to chlorophyll a in mid-salinity zone where POM peak occurred suggests high contribution of living phytoplankton to the total POC. On the other hand, relatively high ratios of POC to chlorophyll $\alpha$ in very low salinity zone and the mouth of estuary indicated relatively high portions of detrital POC. Consequently, the low concentrations of SPM in this estuary and the high concentrations of chlorophyll $\alpha$ and the low ratios of POC to chlorophyll $\alpha$ in the mid-salinity zone suggest that production of living phytoplankton is primary factor in controlling distribution of POM along the salinity gradients in the Seomjin River estuary.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.201-213
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• 2018

In recent years, the number of traffic accidents caused by car accidents has been decreasing steadily due to traffic accident prevention activities in Korea. However, the number of accidents in Seoul is higher than that of other regions. Various studies have been conducted to prevent traffic accidents, which are human disasters. In particular, previous studies have performed the spatial analysis of traffic accidents by counting the number of traffic accidents by administrative districts or by estimating the density through kernel density method in order to identify the traffic accident cluster areas. However, since traffic accidents take place along the road, it would be more meaningful to investigate them concentrated on the road network. In this study, traffic accidents were assigned to the nearest road network in two ways and analyzed by hotspot analysis using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. One of them was investigated with a fixed road link of 10m unit, and the other by computing the average traffic accidents per unit length per road section. As a result by the first method, it was possible to identify the specific road sections where traffic accidents are concentrated. On the other hand, the results by the second method showed that the traffic accident concentrated areas are extensible depending on the characteristic of the road links. The methods proposed here provide different approaches for visualizing the traffic accidents and thus, make it possible to identify those sections clearly that need improvement as for the traffic environment.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-179
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• 2009

This papers aims to focus on the city marketing as the green growth policy strategies using a case study of Gangneung City, Republic of Korea. In the case study it was verified the fields of urban growth including ecology, culture, alternative and recycled energy, green transportation system. The implications of the study were as follows: First, the city government had regenerated the coastal pine forest through removing unlicensed buildings which were squatted down in decades. Secondly, the city government has recognized the value of culture that possessed various types of cultural asserts. Thirdly, it is possible to use and produce the ocean energy with the tidal power plant, wind power plant and green deep water because Gangneung City has the ocean-oriented image and is located the coastal region. Lastly, the city government has been utilizing the LED traffic light using solar heat and is going to apply the green car like an electric car. This paper indicates the importance of the alternatives of the green growth-oriented policy through city marketing using the concept of culture and ecology. The city government will strive after an advanced triple bottom line with the ecological sustainability, cultural diversity and economic effectiveness in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.305-310
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• 2004

The building below standard scales to be built only by constructive report to authorities. Construction law 8 illustrates that supervision should be deployed in all the construction sites at the building which is found to have more than 3 floors and also to have more than $200m^2$ of total squares in especially outside area of city plan zone. Such a small construction is have a important and the most basic meaning. Many problems were found to occur in all the constructive places which were out of the limit of this law. The construction sites were found to be controlled by public official's visiting without supervisors and designers of architecture. Technique of construction in architecture was found to be not different from that of 1980. The security of employees in construction on sites has a serious problem. Because of choosing all the materials of the building without a reasonable point. All the building were found to have a law material about inside and outside aspects. The purpose of this study are to examine existing law about a small project and than to analyze the situation of constructive control through questionnaires and interviews with all the supervisors. Based on the data base of engineers who had a great experience in construction sites, The purpose of this study is also to suggest and advise the method of controlling all the items in architecture through on and off line.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.549-563
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to identify the urban structure in Korea. Though there is research regarding urbanization, there is little regarding the urban structure of the Korean economy. In this paper, two issues will be discussed: the measurements of inter-city and intra-city structure in Korean Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), which is newly defined. First, the city size rank rule, widely known as Zipf’s Law, will illustrate Korean the inter-city structure. The city size rank rule gives an idea whether Korean MSAs are balanced or not. In general, Korea has a heavy concentration in the Seoul MSA in terms of population. It could be either that the Seoul MSA is too big or that the Busan MSA is too small or both. If this is the primacy problem, a decentralization policy is necessary. On the other hand, if it is a second city problem, development policies for the Busan MSA and Daegu MSA are more important. Next, the Korean intra-city structure will be discussed. The evolutions of the MSAs explain intra-city structure by analyzing population density function and the housing price function. Some large MSAs such as Seoul and Busan have experienced urban sprawl, while other MSAs have experienced urban concentration. The population density gradient by the distance from the ARC GIS shows the growth rate of a city. According to the Spatial Mismatch Index between population and employment, the Ulsan MSA, Gwangju MSA, and Suwon-Hwaseong-Osan MSA are more mismatched, while the Daejeon MSA and Incheon MSA are less mismatched. Therefore, these analyses of Korean urban structure are meaningful in developing regional policy.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.2
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• pp.59-79
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• 1998

전라남도와 경상남도는 강 하나를 사이에 둔 아주 가까운 이웃이며, 주민생활권이나 지역경제권이 상로연계성을 갖고 있다. 뿐만아니라 사회, 경제 문화와 보유자원의 여러 측면에서도 상로 본완적 성격을 갖고 있는 지역이다. 따라서 대승적 차원에서 볼 때 국토의 균형박전을 도모하고 진정한 동서화합을 위해 상로연계성을 갖고 있는 광양만, 진주권 광역새발을 공동으로 추진하여 동시화합의 대전기를 마련하는 계기로 삼아야 할 것이다. 이러한 차원에서 동서지역의 광역개발 필요성을 요약하면, 첫째, 최근 일정지역의 행정구역을 넘어서 인구와 물자 및 자원의 이용이 활발하게 이러나고 있어 통합적 계획 및 집행이 요구된고 있다. 따라서 광양만 진주권개발은 2개도에 걸쳐 광역개발권역을 설정한 우리나라 최초의 시범적인 계획으로써 세계적인 관심을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 국가경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 신산업지대의 조성과 연계교통망의 구축이 요망된다. 셋째 국토균형발전을 위해 수도권에 대응한 지방거점 도시권의 육성이 팽배하며, 넷째, 중북투자를 피하고 상호보완적인 기능을 극대화하여 진정한 동서화합에 대한 시대적 여청이 증대되고 있는 시절이다. 따라서 광양만 진주권 광역개발의 기본구상은 우선 경제적 물리적통합으로 실절적인 동서이익을 보색하는 차원에서 추진되어야 한다. 그리고 광양함을 국제물류의 중심지로 확충하고 주변지역에 대규모 물류 유통 및 국제기능을 유치하여 국제적 교류거점으로서의 기반 조성을 강화 하여야 한다. 또한 국제관광벨트 및 신산업지대의 형성과 함께 세계화 고속화에 걸맞는 교통기반시설을 정비하는 한편 자연친화적인 개발전략을 이룩함으로써 지구촌 경제하에시 지역균형개발과 지역의 국제경쟁역 확보차원에서 실현되어야 한다. 나아가 과양만권과 진주권의 경제 사회적인 통합을 달성함으로써 국민적 염원인 동서화합의 장으로 승화 발전 시킬 수 있도록 공간구조 및 기능의 분담배분이 요구된다. 기능은 동시지역을 연결하는 통합적인 기능 분담으로 과양만은 생산 및 물류지원기능의 강화와 전주 사천권은 첨단산업 연구 및 지원기능의 강화차원에서 배분이 요구된다. 이러한 광역개발계획이 세계적으로 추진될 때에 진정한 동서화합은 가능할 것이다. 따라서 진정한 도서화합을 유도하기 위해서는 광역개발을 실펀하기 위한 제도적인 협력체계의 구축이 요구된다. 동서지역의 광영개발을 위한 협력체계의 구축 방안은 첫째, 양 지역간에 협약제도르 도입함으로써 광역개발의 집행력을 강화하여야 한다. 즉, 개별 개발사업별로는 협약이 체결됨으로써 자치단체간의 역활분담이 분명하고 여차별 예산의 확보는 물론 사업시행이 구체화 될 수 있기 때문이다. 둘째는 양 자치단체간의 광역행정을 진담하는 기구의 절차가 필요한다. 광역개발 계획 추진 뿐만아니라 실질적으로 양권역이 공존공영을 위해 필요한 사업들을 추진 할 수 있도록 협의회 기능을 보완한 새로운 전담기구의 설치가 필요하다. 셋째. 광양만 진주권 광역개발 계획은 동서지역의 화합이라는 상징적인 의미를 지니고 있다. 따라서 중앙정부는 동서지역간의 진정한 화합을 유도하기 위해 제주도개발 특별법과 같은 �G동서지역개발 특별법�H을 제정하여 종합적이고 체계적인 개발을 유도 하여야 한다. 지역발전을 이룩할 수 있도록 자속적인 노력이 필요하다.