• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

In structural design provision, maximum punching shear stress of slabs is prescribed as combined stress of direct shear occurred by balanced gravity load and eccentric shear occurred by unbalanced moment. This means that the effect of unbalanced moment is considered to decide the punching shear stress. However, from the resistance capacity standpoint, the effect of unbalanced moment strength is not considered for deciding punching shear strength. For this problem, a model to show unbalanced moment-punching shear interrelation was proposed. In the model, the relation between load effect and resistance capacity in unbalanced moment-punching shear was two-dimensionally expressed. Using the interrelation model, a method how unbalanced moment strength should be considered to decide the punching shear strength was proposed. Additionally, a effective width enlargement factor for deciding the unbalanced moment strength of flat plates with shear reinforcements was proposed. The interrelation model proposed in this paper is very effective for the design because not only punching shear and unbalanced moment strengths but also failure modes of flat plates can be accurately predicted.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2008

In structural design provision, maximum punching shear stress of slabs is prescribed as combined stress in direct shear occurred by gravity load and eccentric shear occurred by unbalanced moment. This means that the effect of unbalanced moment is considered to decide the punching shear stress. However, from the resistance capacity standpoint, the effect of unbalanced moment strength is not considered for deciding punching shear strength. In this paper, a model considering interrelation between unbalanced moment and punching shear was proposed. In the model, the relation between load effect and resistance capacity in unbalanced moment and punching shear was two-dimensionally expressed. Using the interrelation model, a method how unbalanced moment strength should be considered to decide the punching shear strength was proposed. Additionally, effective width enlargement factors for deciding the unbalanced moment strength of flat plates with shear reinforcements were proposed. The interrelation model proposed in this paper is very effective for the prediction of the behavior of slab-column connection because not only punching shear and unbalanced moment strengths but also failure modes of flat plates can be accurately predicted.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2010

An alternative design method for interior flat plate-column connections subjected to punching shear and unbalanced moment was developed. Since the slab-column connections are severely damaged by flexural cracking before punching shear failure, punching shear was assumed to be resisted mainly by the compression zone of the slab critical section. Considering the interaction with the flexural moment of the slab, the punching shear strength of the compression zone was evaluated based on the material failure criteria of concrete subjected to multiple stresses. The punching shear strength was also used to evaluate the unbalanced moment capacity of the slab-column connections. For verification, the proposed strength model was applied to existing test specimens subjected to direct punching shear or combined punching shear and unbalanced moment. The results showed that the proposed method predicted the strengths of the test specimens better than current design methods in ACI 318 and Eurocode 2.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.555-559
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• 2009

난류응력은 순간속도성분을 시간평균성분과 편차성분의 합으로 보고 Navier-Stokes 방정식으로부터 Reynolds 방정식을 유도할 때 나타나게 된다. Reynolds 방정식으로부터 수심 적분된 천수방정식을 유도하는 과정에서 시간 평균된 유속성분을 수심 적분된 유속성분과 편차성분의 합으로 본다면, 분산응력 (dispersion stress)이라고 하는 추가적인 새로운 항이 잔류하게 된다. 점성응력, 난류응력, 그리고 분산응력을 통칭하여 유효응력 (effective stress)이라고 한다. 일반적으로 수심에 비해 수로 폭이 넓은 개수로에서는 유효응력이 흐름특성의 수치 근사해에 큰 영향을 미치지 못한다고 가정하여 2차원 수심적분 모형에서 유효응력을 생략하기도 한다. 또한 유효응력을 적용하더라도, 점성응력이 난류응력에 비해 무시할 만큼 작다고 가정하여 난류응력만을 적용하며, 분산응력은 무시된다. 하지만 만곡부에서는 원심력과 편수위로 인한 횡방향 압력의 불균형이 발생하기 때문에, 만곡부의 이차류가 발생되며, 유속의 연직방향 분포도 일정하지 않게 된다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 만곡부의 이차류 특성을 수심적분 2차원 모형에 반영하기 위해 분산응력을 고려한 모형의 개발 및 검증이다. 불규칙한 모의영역을 원활히 나타낼 수 있도록 곡선좌표계를 사용하는 여타 모형들과 달리 유한유소법을 이용하여 수치해를 구하며, 따라서 x, y 좌표축을 사용하는 데카르트 좌표계를 사용하여 지배방정식을 나타낸다. 분산응력의 유 무에 따른 수치결과를 Rozovskii의 $180^{\circ}$ 만곡수로 실내실험 자료와 비교하여 개발 모형을 검증한다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

To get vibration responses, a camshaft is modelled as an unbalanced multiple rotor bearing system. Because of complex geometry and complicated load conditions, the finite element method is used. After the finite element equation of the system is constructed, Newmark's method is used to get the vibration responses. Whirl vibration responses of a V-8 engine camshaft are estimated and compared with measured responses. After the fluctuating stresses are obtained, fatigue analysis is performed based upon the modified Goodman's equation. Stress concentration effects are considered. In the whirl vibration of camshafts, the bending effect is dominant, and the bending deformation is dependent upon the span length between the adjacent bearing journals. For high speeds, the fluctuations of excitation forces are large, and it is known that nonlinear time varying bearing coefficients should be used for analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.278-288
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• 1998

An efficient and useful method to improve the local stress field in a displacement-formulated finite element solution has been proposed using the theory of conjugate approximations for a stress field and the Loubignac's iterative method for a displacement field. Validity of the proposed method has been tested through three test examples, to improve the stress field and displacement field in the whole domain and the local regions. As a result of analysis on the test examples, it is found that the stress field in the local regions are approximated to those in the whole domain within a few iterations which have satisfied the original finite element equilibrium equation. In addition, it is found that the local stress field are by far better approximated to the exact stress field than the displacement-based stress field with the reduction of the finite-element mesh-size.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.585-593
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• 2010

On the basis of the strain-based shear strength model developed in the previous study, a strength model was developed to predict the direct punching shear capacity and unbalanced moment-carrying capacity of interior and exterior slab-column connections. Since the connections are severely damaged by flexural cracking, punching shear was assumed to be resisted mainly by the compression zone of the slab critical section. Considering the interaction with the compressive normal stress developed by the flexural moment, the shear strength of the compression zone was derived on the basis of the material failure criteria of concrete subjected to multiple stresses. As a result, shear capacity of the critical section was defined according to the degree of flexural damage. Since the exterior slab-column connections have unsymmertical critical sections, the unbalanced moment-carrying capacity was defined according to the direction of unbalanced moment. The proposed strength model was applied to existing test specimens. The results showed that the proposed method predicted the strengths of the test specimens better than current design methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

Flat plate slab has been widely used in high rise building for its remarkable advantages. However, Flat plate structures under lateral load are susceptible to punching shear of the slab-column connection. Exterior slab-column connections has an unsymmetrical critical section for eccentric shear of which perimeter is less than that of interior connection, and hence, around the connection, unbalanced moment and eccentric shear are developed by both gravity load and lateral loads. Therefore, exterior connections is susceptible to punching shear failure. For that reason, this study compare ACI 318-05 to CEB-FIP MC 90 that is based on experiment results and existing data of flat plate exterior connections. This study shows that compared to CEB-FIP MC 90 is more exact about eccentric shear stress, unbalanced moment and Both of all are not suitable in large column aspect ratio. Considering gravity shear ratio, These are suitable but design condition only consider gravity shear ratio. So these should be considered differences from change of design condition

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.470-481
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• 2003

Exterior plate-column connection has an unsymmetrical critical section for eccentric shear of which perimeter is less than that of interior connection, and hence, around the connection, unbalanced moment and eccentric shear are developed by both gravity load and lateral loads. Therefore, exterior connection is susceptible to punching shear failure. Current design provision cannot accurately explain strength of existing experiments, partly due to the complexity in the behavior of exterior plate-column connection, or partly due to the theoretical deficiency of the strength analysis model adopted. In the present study, nonlinear finite element analyses were performed for exterior connections belonging to continuous flat plate. For each direction of lateral load, the behavior and strength of exterior plate-column connection were quite different. Based on the numerical result, strength prediction model for exterior connection was proposed for each direction of lateral load. Compared with existing experiments, the proposed method was verified.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.12-20
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• 2023

This study presents basic data on how to secure stability by analyzing the change in tensile force of steel rod and the inclination characteristics of PSC BOX in the "Temporary fixation system using internal prestressing tendon", which is mainly applied to construction of superstructures by FCM. To date, it has been difficult to confirm the changes in tension force of the steel rod and the inclination of the PSC BOX because the steel rod was installed vertically inside the pier and the PSC BOX. Therefore, measurement of the change in length of the steel rod and the displacement of PSC BOX were performed using a micro-measured FBG sensor. Comparisons of the calculated tensile force and the residual tensile force of the steel rod revealed that the safety factor decreased in all bridges. The cause was mainly identified to be the loss of tensile force in fixation~1segment, and countermeasures are suggested. The analysis of the inclination characteristics showed that the inclination increased with the segment progresses even in bridges with sufficient safety factor, and the difference before and after the segment was confirmed. In addition, the increase in inclination was related to the loss of tension force in the steel rod, and the stress on the opposite sides of the inclination was further reduced. It is believed that upward tensile force is generated in the steel rod on the opposite side of the inclined side due to the unbalanced moment, causing the difference in stress of the steel rod between the two sides.