• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.488-496
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• 2004

This paper describes a music information retrieval system which uses humming as the key for retrieval Humming is an easy way for the user to input a melody. However, there are several problems with humming that degrade the retrieval of information. One problem is a human factor. Sometimes people do not sing accurately, especially if they are inexperienced or unaccompanied. Another problem arises from signal processing. Therefore, a music information retrieval method should be sufficiently robust to surmount various humming errors and signal processing problems. A retrieval system has to extract pitch from the user's humming. However pitch extraction is not perfect. It often captures half or double pitches. even if the extraction algorithms take the continuity of the pitch into account. Considering these problems. we propose a system that takes multiple pitch candidates into account. In addition to the frequencies of the pitch candidates. the confidence measures obtained from their powers are taken into consideration as well. We also propose the use of an algorithm with three dimensions that is an extension of the conventional DP algorithm, so that multiple pitch candidates can be treated. Moreover in the proposed algorithm. DP paths are changed dynamically to take deltaPitches and IOIratios of input and reference notes into account in order to treat notes being split or unified. We carried out an evaluation experiment to compare the proposed system with a conventional system. From the experiment. the proposed method gave better retrieval performance than the conventional system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2002.03b
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• pp.127-141
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• 2002

GIS환경에서 도시모형(urban model)의 적용을 목적으로 사회·경제적 데이터(socio-economic data)를 활용하는 과정은 도시현상이 갖는 복잡성과 변동성으로 인해 하나의 특정시간에서의 상황을 그대로 저장한 형태인 스냅샷 모형(snapshot model)만으로는 효율적인 공간분석의 실행이 불가능하다. 또한 도시모형을 적용하는 과정에서 GIS의 대상이 되는 공간, 속성, 시간의 정의는 분석목적에 따라 다르게 정의되어질 수 있으며 이에 따라 상이한 결과가 도출될 수 있다. 본 연구는 30년 간의 부산시 인구분포의 동적 변화과정 관측을 위해 시간개념을 결합한 Temporal GIS를 구축하고 이를 활용하여 인구밀도모형 및 접근성모형을 적용하는 과정을 통해 보다 효율적이고 다양한 결과를 제시할 수 있는 GIS 활용방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 흔히 공간현상의 계량화와 통계적 기법의 적용을 위한 데이터 처리과정은 많은 오차와 오류를 유발할 수 있다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서는 우선적으로 분석목적에 맞는 데이터의 정의(Data Definition), 적용하고자 하는 모형(Model)의 유용성 검증, 적절한 분석단위의 설정, 결과해석의 객관적 접근 등이 요구된다. 이와 더불어 변동성 파악을 위한 시계열 자료의 효율적 처리를 위한 방법론이 마련되어져야 한다. 즉, GIS환경에서의 도시모형의 적용에 따른 효율성과 효과성의 극대화를 위해서는 분석목적에 맞는 데이터모델의 설정과 공간DB의 구축방법이 이루어져야 하며 분석가능한 데이터의 유형에 대한 충분한 고려와 적용과정에서 분석결과에 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요소들을 미리 검증하여 결정하는 순환적 의사결정과정이 필요하다., 표준패턴을 음표와 비음표의 두개의 그룹으로 나누어 인식함으로써 DP 매칭의 처리 속도를 개선시켰고, 국소적인 변형이 있는 패턴과 특징의 수가 다른 패턴의 경우에도 좋은 인식률을 얻었다.r interferon alfa concentrated solution can be established according to the monograph of EP suggesting the revision of Minimum requirements for biological productss of e-procurement, e-placement, e-payment are also investigated.. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. enteritidis에 대한 키토산의 최소저해농도는 각각 0.1461 mg/mL, 0.2419 mg/mL, 0.0980 mg/mL 및 0.0490 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 2%(v/v) 초산 자체의 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과, B. cereus, L. mosocytogenes, E. eoli에 대해서는 control과 비교시 유의적인 항균효과는 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 S. enteritidis의 경우는 배양시간 4시간까지는 항균활성을 나타내었지만, 8시간 이후부터는 S. enteritidis의 성장이 control 보다 높아져 배양시간 20시간에서는 control 보다 약 2배 이상 균주의 성장을 촉진시켰다.차에 따른 개별화 학습을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 능동적인 참여를 유도하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.향은 패션마케팅의 정의와 적용범위를 축소시킬 수 있는 위험을 내재한 것으로 보여진다. 그런가 하면, 많이 다루어진 주제라

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2023

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) is a task that detects and recognizes musical note events from a given audio recording. In this paper, we focus on reducing the latency of real-time AMT systems on piano music. Although neural AMT models have been adapted for real-time piano transcription, they suffer from high latency, which hinders their usefulness in interactive scenarios. To tackle this issue, we explore several techniques for reducing the intrinsic latency of a neural network for piano transcription, including reducing window and hop sizes of Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), modifying convolutional layer's kernel size, and shifting the label in the time-axis to train the model to predict onset earlier. Our experiments demonstrate that combining these approaches can lower latency while maintaining high transcription accuracy. Specifically, our modified model achieved note F1 scores of 92.67 % and 90.51 % with latencies of 96 ms and 64 ms, respectively, compared to the baseline model's note F1 score of 93.43 % with a latency of 160 ms. This methodology has potential for training AMT models for various interactive scenarios, including providing real-time feedback for piano education.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

This study focuses on analyzing rhythms revealed in music songs of Korean third-generation idol girl groups. The development of genre and development of rhythm continues and the rhythm of Third World music is strong worldwide. The development of genres and rhythms continues and the rhythms of the Third World music are winning big popularity world wide. In the past, Third World rhythms were used only in countries where rhythm originated and neighboring countries, and the rhythms between countries were combined to occur in various conersence composite forms. In the past, the Third World rhythms were used only in rhythm-oriented countries and neighboring countries, and the rhythms between countries were combined in various and composite forms The changes in the global music market and the structure of the Korean pop music market show the same pattern in the local pop music genre. This study analyzes the phenomenon in which the Dembow rhythm and the tresillo rhythm, one of the rhythms of the Third World music, are concentrated in third-generation idol music, and notes that a certain number of combinations appear in rhythms and melodies. Moreover, this study identifies and compares the origin, the structure and the application cases of the Dembow rhythm and the tresillo rhythm by analyzing 12 songs of Korean third-generation idol girl groups. A game, as a sort of media like a movie, may be subjected to an ambivalent evaluation in accordance with the quality of each content. In this regard, it is necessary to have an active discussion about which game has desirable contents. Emotion which is an influential factor on interaction among players in game design needs to be approached from a social perspective. Also, based on social emotions associated with players, a significant relationship between emotional vocabularies and game emotions should be understood in comparison with social emotions within the game. based on social emotions regarding players As a result, social emotions within the game exhibited differences from the meaning of the terms. It is supposed that this result was caused by the ethical standards and differences in the real world. Accordingly, for qualitative enhancement of games, it is required to utilize the contents of this study, since emotions within the game are based on social emotions regarding players.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2011

This study deals with Timing Synchronization of motion picture and music in film music's physical point of view. Timing Synchronization appears by using Click Track, which calculates time of picture and location of bar. We also can find Hit, the emphasis point of music, by computation Frame Per Beat and estimate the location of note per time. Hit can be placed at upbeat, but, because of music's characteristic, it is more convenient to composer when it's placed at downbeat. Therefore, this study suggests three methods to sync the music and picture. First of all, sync through time conversion, second of all, sync through tempo conversion, and lastly, there is way to sync through offset. These each methods have their pros and cons, so choice should be made based on the music's natural flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2001

This paper describes an analysis of the music as a time series and the fuzzy logic-based modeling of it. All music is made up of a finite number of musical notations known as the musical symbols, such as clefs, staff, tine signature, notes, rests, etc. . The musical score uses musical symbols to present various characteristics, such as rhythm, melody, chord, etc,. for interpreting the music. In this paper, it is possible to transform the beat and pitch in the musical into time series from the viewpoint of recognizing beat and pitch of sounding tone at each time. On the basis of the identified features of the musical score, a musical score is represented as a time series and then is constructed to fuzzy logic-based model for predicting them. Examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.413-415
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• 2021

Piano is one of the most beloved instruments in the world and is used a lot for children to learn music because it is simple to play. As a result, various products for children, such as toy pianos, were released. However, there is a lack of piano skills for music education, such as how to play the piano or read the score. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a game-style educational piano using Arduino. It is expected to capture fun and education at a low price by scoring points by displaying the score on the LCD screen and pressing the keyboard according to the timing of playing the note.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.288-295
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• 2004

Detection and localization of a slow and quiet target in shallow water environments is a challenging problem for which it is well known that snapshot is deficient because of a fast and strong interferer. This paper presents waveguide interference filtering technique that mitigate strong interferer problems in adaptive matched field processing. MCM (multiple constraint method) based on NDC (null direction constraint) has been proposed for new spatial interferer filter. MCM-NDC using replica force a interferer component to be filtered through CSDM (cross-spectral density matrix). This filtering have an effect on sidelobe reduction and restoring of signal gain of a quiet target. This technique was applied to a simulation on Pekeris waveguide and vertical array data from MAPLE03 (matched acoustic properties and localization experiment) in the East Sea and was shown to improve SBNR (signal-to-background-and-noise ratio) over the standard MVDR (minimum-variance distortionless response) and NSP (null space projection) technique.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.3
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• pp.547-558
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• 2003

From the viewpoint of that music melody has the similar features to time-series data, music melody is transformed to a time-series data with normalization and corrections and the similarity between melodies is defined as the Euclidean distance between the transformed time-series data. Then, based the similarity between melodies of a music object, melodies are clustered and the representative of each cluster is extracted as one of theme melodies for the music. To construct the theme melody index, a theme melody is represented as a point of the multidimensional metric space of M-tree. For retrieval of user's query melody, the query melody is also transformed into a time-series data by the same way of indexing phase. To retrieve the similar melodies to the query melody given by user from the theme melody index the range query search algorithm is used. By the implementation of the prototype system using the proposed theme melody index we show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.186-193
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• 2015

In many respects, the current music education contents are learned, based on results and also, education of rhythm, which is an important component of music, is mostly implemented using scores that are based on existing results. In this study, two rhythm education contents were extracted using the number of cases in mathematics, which is a principle of the process of creating a rhythm. First, 16 rhythm education contents were extracted by calculating the number of cases to include a note and a rest in a beat except triplet Rhythm. Second, two-beat 225 rhythm education contents were extracted by calculating the number of cases to connect this one-beat contents. Rhythm education was applied to music majors in their early twenties using these two rhythm education contents and the effect was proven by the rhythmic ability test. As stated above, this study suggests advanced education contents using existing principles, which appear by going back to the basics of rhythm.