• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2013

음악 표절 분석은 특정 수치로 정형화된 사례가 없다. 음악과 관련된 표절 시비는 모두 전문가의 감성에 의존할 것이 사실이다. 따라서 전문가 사이에 감정이 개입될 여지가 있기 때문에 표절 시비가 끊이지 않는다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지금까지 사람의 감성에만 의존하였던 음원의 표절 분석을 시스템적으로 분석하기 위해 필요한 음원 요소에 대해서 연구하고자 한다. 따라서 음악 표절 분석을 위해 필요한 음원 요소에 대해서 분석하고, 분석 시스템 구현에 필요한 MusicString 문법에 대해 기술한다. 또한 구현에 필요한 AST 구성과 유사도 알고리즘에 대해서 기술한다. 본 논문은 향후 음악표절 분석 시스템을 자동화하기 위한 초석을 마련할 수 있으며, 검수자의 감성에 의존하는 표절 관련 시비를 조금이나마 개선하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.43-52
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is researching musical elements to analyze plagiarism between two sources. We first search digital music elements to analyze music source and examine how to use these in plagiarism analysis using compiler techniques. In addition we are used open source Java API JFugue to process complex MIDI music data simply. Therefore we designed music plagiarism analysis system by using MusicString which is supported in JFugue and construct AST after investigate MusicString's syntax processing elements to manipulate music plagiarism analysis efficiently. So far music plagiarism analysis is evaluated emotionally and subjectively. But this paper suggests first step to build plagiarism analysis systemically. If this research is well utilized, this is very meaningful to standardize systemically which music is plagiarized or not.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel implementation method to detect musical plagiarism which can provide human experts evidences to decide plagiarism using cutting-edge information technologies and thereby can solve exhaustive disputes on cases of musical plagiarism when the cases are decided by human experts' emotional preferences.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.3016-3022
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel design and implementation method to detect musical plagiarism which can provide human experts evidences to decide plagiarism using cutting-edge information technologies and thereby can solve exhaustive disputes on cases of musical plagiarism when the cases are decided by human experts' emotional preferences. We first search digital music elements to analyze music source and examine how to use these in plagiarism analysis using IT techniques. Therefore we designed music plagiarism analysis system by using MusicString which is supported in JFugue and construct AST to manipulate music plagiarism analysis efficiently.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Similar melody searching is an operation that finds such melodies similar to a given query melody from a music database. In this paper, we address the development of a system that detects plagiarism based on the similar melody searching. We first Propose a novel similarity model that supports alignment as well as shifting. Also, we suggest a method for indexing the features extracted from each melody, and a method for processing plagiarism detection by using the index. By our plagiarism detection system composers can easily searches for such melodies that are similar to their ones from music databases. Through performance evaluation via a series of experiments, we show the effectiveness of our approach. The results reveal that our approach outperforms the sequential-scan-based one in speed up to around 31 times.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2004

유사 멜로디 검색은 질의 멜로디와 유사한 멜로디들을 음악 데이터베이스로부터 찾는 연산이다. 본 논문에서는 유사 멜로디 검색을 기반으로 하는 표절 감지 시스템 개발에 관하여 논의한다. 먼저, 정합 및 이동 변환을 지원하는 새로운 유사 모델을 제안한다. 또한, 각 멜로디의 특징들을 인덱싱 하는 방법과 인덱스를 기반으로 표절 감지를 처리하는 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 표절 감지 시스템을 이용하여 작곡가는 자신의 멜로디와 유사한 멜로디를 가지는 곡들을 음악 데이터베이스에서 효과적으로 검색할 수 있다. 실험을 통한 성능 평가를 통하여 제안된 기법의 우수성을 규명한다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 제안된 기법은 순차 검색을 기반으로 하는 방법과 비교하여 약 31배까지의 성능 개선 효과를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.291-300
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• 2020

Plagiarism concerns in the melody of popular music are on the rise. Despite these concerns, standards and methods for addressing these issues are lacking. This study is significant in the fact that it is the first case in the media which started as a controversy on plagiarism of popular music and even progressed to Supreme Court ruling. The first and second trial courts declared the existence of infringement of copyright by recognizing that the music in question was substantially alike as a result of comparing and reviewing the melody, rhythm, and harmony. However, the Supreme Court came to a different verdict on the infringement of musical work by reversing and remanding the case to the Seoul High Court. The Supreme Court indicated that even though the music presented in the first trial is a creative work entirely protected under the Copyright Act, expression without creativity is an area that is not protected under the law. Based on this case, this study seeks to compare and analyze the essential characteristics of melody in the judgment of infringement of copyrights in popular music, and factors related to the judgment of practical similarity and the judgment of idioms that are the criteria for judging infringement of musical work.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2014

This study deals with the precedents regarding music works among 'The suits to claim an infringement of copyright' and 'Suits to claim indemnification for damage' that have been filed in Korea up so far in order to establish clear criteria to judge plagiarism based on the ground of legal judgment and judge the similarity of two works that have been in controversy previously. The study has been performed through literature review and also precedents. According to the study result, 'criteria to judge music works on plagiarism' are largely classified into (1) creativity, (2) access, and (3) substantial similarity. It is almost the same to judge creativity and substantial similarity. With the components of music works, say, melody, harmony, and rhythm, comparative analysis is conducted. About creativity, the original composer's song is analyzed with another object to be compared whereas about substantial similarity, two songs in controversy get to be analyzed. Regarding the current criteria to judge creativity, it is needed to set the number of objects to be compared which have been regarded similar. And access has limitations in setting up objective criteria for it. Lastly, we should develop digitized criteria for substantial similarity based on the preliminary review system of the Committee on Performance Ethics in the past.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

In this paper, we present a music retrieval system that compares the geometric structure of a melody specified by a user with those in a music database. The system finds matches between a query melody and melodies in the database by analyzing both structural and contextual features. The retrieval method is based on the geometric hashing algorithm which consists of two steps; the preprocessing step and the recognition step. During the preprocessing step, we divide a melody into several fragments and analyze the pitch and duration of each note of the fragments to find a structural feature. To find a contextual feature, we find a main chord for each fragment. During the recognition step, we divide the query melody specified by a user into several fragments and search through all fragments in the database that are structurally and contextually similar to the melody. A vote is cast for each of the fragments and the music whose total votes are the maximum is the music that contains a matching melody against the query melody. Using our approach, we can find similar melodies in a music database quickly. We can also apply the method to detect plagiarism in music.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

Music copyright began in 1850 in France and, unlike other copyrighted works such as architecture or arts, which are based on visual conditions, copyrighted music is based the on trends of the times. The appropriate range of protection for musical works is not the entire music, but the part that is determined to be a creative expression deduced from the analysis of the musical structure. Concerning the issue of plagiarism in popular music, the determination of creativity plays an important role in whether a piece of music encroaches on the original copyrighted works or not. However, determining whether a work is an element of a previously copyrighted work should be achieved through a consensus formed by members of the relevant industry and academia rather than the court. The purpose of this study is to classify the creative and non-creative elements of popular music, in order to create a classification that can enable musical creators to provide a consensus on the elements of creative expression.