• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to derive the served distance of the senior-friendly park considering physical changes, which were estimated through a comparison experiment at an actual target site. The time to walk 500m was examined because 500m is considered the served distance of a neighborhood park and as a standard set by the city. The mean walking time of the control group (younger than 65 years) was 536 seconds, while that of the treatment group (older than 65 years) was 889 seconds, which was approximately 1.7 times longer than the control group. The results of this study also showed that the walking time of females was longer than that of males when they were older than 65 years old. The walking velocities of the control group and the treatment groups were also calculated using the mean walking time. The weight estimated by a proportional formula was 0.6. When it was applied to 500m, which is the served distance of a neighborhood park, the served distance of the senior-friendly park was estimated as 300m. Lastly, the green service excluded area was quantified by applying the 300m, the served distance of a senior-friendly park, to the Jung-gu, Daegu, which had the highest elderly population in the Daegu Metropolitan City. The results of this calculation showed that the area served by a city park was $2,425,747m^2$ and the area excluded from the city park service was $4,627,700m^2$ for senior citizens. The results also showed that, in terms of the distributive equity, the administrative districts received unequal am ounts of urban green area services.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.125-140
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• 2009

Development strategies of Saemangeum New Port are as follows : First, get port terminal areas to be larger. Second, establish the strategy of investment attraction in consideration of the cargo to be handled in Saemangeum New Port. Third, attract regional cargo from such Chinese provinces as Gangso and Sandongseong so as to differentiate it from the existing ports. Finally, construct such connecting programmes as the strategy of the Hub-and-Spoke calling at ports that can make a mutual win-win competition rather than an opposing competition to attract the cargo from the existing port.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the spatial accessibilities to urban greens considering the catchment areas of urban parks to improve those areas with lower spatial accessibility in the neighborhood units. Nam-gu in Daegu was selected as the study area. In the results of the analysis of 16 existing parks, Daemyung6-dong and Daemyung5-dong had high ratios of green service area to administrative district, with values of 94.4% and 92.3%, respectively. Low ratios of green service area(vulnerable area of green service) were recorded in Icheondong(1.6%) and Daemyung10-dong(24.1%). However, the ratio of Icheondong may increase by 88.6%, when the 12 unexecuted urban parks are established. The ratio of Daemyung10-dong can also increase up to 40.1% by establishing green spaces in public institutions such as government offices and schools. This study suggests possibilities to improve the spatial accessibilities to urban parks and indicates the policies required for enhancing the even distribution of green spaces.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.39-54
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• 2009

As of July, 2009, Chungnam Province get DI (Direct Investment) of 2,502 corporations as the amount of 31 billion US dollars only for 3 years. Especially, Chungnam provincial governor make a excessive performance of 2.5 times comparing to the target number, 1,000 of inviting capital, that is public promise in the election. Now, the amount of inviting foreign capital is 1.2 billion dollars, at the end of this year it might be 1.4 billion dollars just in case of making a success on going negotiations. This outstanding performance comes from governor's leadership and aggressive strategies of well-trained subordinates. Chungnam Province has nation-wide multiple targets focused on interdisciplinary industries including strategic industries of display, auto-parts, steel, and oil-chemistry. Also, it has organic network system based on the very descriptive and accurate informations managing the task force team consisted of 35 competent members. In conclusion, the core competence of inviting foreign capital in a regional government is governor's strong leadership, activated organization consisted of specially well trained subordinates, and predominant differentiated strategies in details.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2003

To achieve good dentin bonding, we must obtain proper wet dentin surface. The purpose of this study was to compare dentin surface according to different wetness degree by AFM image as studying how to obtaining proper wet dentin surface. Intact recently extracted primary teeth were used in the study. The extracted teeth were stored in distilled water at $4^{\circ}C$ until prepared. The teeth were used to prepare 1mm thick dentin disks with exposed surfaces parallel to the occlusal surfaces. The surface of the dentin were polished with polishing disk. The sample were ultrasonically cleaned with distilled water. The sample of each group were treated by different ways. We compared dentin surface of each group by AFM image. From the experiment, the following results were obtained. 1. Acid etching in the dentin surface of primary teeth, resulted in the removal of the smear layer, which opened dentinal tubules, caused the demineralization of peritubular and intertubular dentin, and exposed a collagen-rich transition zone. 2. If the etched dentin was so dehydrated, the intertubular dentin surfaces deceased in height and the diameters of the dentinal tubules decreased slightly. 3. In the group dried with compressed air for 20 seconds at 2 cm, the dentin surfaces were too excessive dried and dehydrated. 4. In the group dried with compressed air for 3 seconds at 2 cm, dry cotton, wet cotton, microbrush and absorbent tissue paper, the dentin surfaces were properly wet.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.23-45
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between institutional distance and FDI and focuses on China's outward FDI. The institutional distance between China and the host country is measured using the institutional quality published by the World Bank. This study collects panel data from 50 countries in which China invested from 2008 to 2019 and use the panel GLS methodology to examine the factors affecting outward FDI through three models. First, this study examines the impact of the absolute value of institutional distance on China's OFDI across all countries in which China invests. Second, this study divides countries with positive and negative institutional distance to China into two groups and examine the relationship between institutional distance and OFDI in each group. Finally, this study examines the non-linear relationship between institutional distance and OFDI from China. To test this, this study adds the squared term of institutional distance to the model. The results of the analysis are as follows Institutional distance is positively related to China's OFDI. The relationship between institutional distance and OFDI is inverted U-shaped in the group of host countries with relatively higher institutional quality than China, but positive in the group of low-quality host countries. In addition, China's OFDI is affected by a combination of institutional and economic factors. The results of this study have implications not only for FDI host countries but also for MNCs' choice of FDI destinations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

This study analyzes the visual access opportunities of neighborhood park users using the Space Syntax theory. In order to achieve this goal, 27 neighborhood parks were selected and 27 axial maps drawn according to the spatial configuration of the sites. Based on the axial map data, this study has calculated some specific space syntax indices, including Connectivity, Integration, and Intelligibility using the Axwoman ver 3.0 based on the Arcview 3.2 application. The value of the representative indices were used to examine visual access opportunities presented by the parks. This study was conducted in two aspects: one focusing on the entire space and another focusing on only the main entrance of the parks. The former used integration and intelligibility values and the latter used connectivity and integration values to evaluate the visual access opportunities of the sites. As a result, this study found that some parks, including Joongang, Balsan, and Sangdang, have high visual access opportunities in terms of the spatial configuration surrounding the park, which shows an integration value higher than 2, and also having intelligibility values higher than 0.7. This is the result of the grid land use pattern surrounding the parks and the straight roads that are closely linked to the main entrances of the parks. It is expected that this methodology and results will be used for locating neighborhood parks during the urban planning stage as providing reasonable evidence.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphometrics of primary second molar and permanent first molar. Samples were consisted of normal occlusion in the primary dentition(50 males and 50 females) and permanent dentition(43 males and 43 females). Their upper and lower plaster casts were used and their measuring points were decided, through 3-dimensional laser scanning(3D Scanner, DS4060, LDI, U.S.A.), fitting standard horizontal plane were made for measuring the intercuspal distance, volume of intercuspal area and section curve. The results were as follows; 1. Average distance from the fit plane to the cusp tips of mandibular primary second molar was smaller than any other tooth. (0.05-0.09 mm in male and 0.04-0.09 mm in female). 2. Intercuspal distances of mandibular primary second molar and permanent first molar were larger in male than in female. Especially, there was statistical significance in primary second molar(p<0.05). 3. Intercuspal distance between distobuccal and distolingual cusp was larger in maxillary primary second molar, except cross intercuspal distances. And distances between distal and distolingual cusp, in mandibular primary second molar, between mesiolingual and mesiobuccal cusp, in maxillary first molar, and between distolingual and mesiolingual cusp, in mandibular first molar were larger than any other intercuspal distance. 4. Volume of intercuspal area of primary second molar and permanent first molar was larger in mandible than in maxilla and that of permanent first molar was 1.40-1.75 times of primary second molar (p<0.05). Also it was larger in male than in female, but there was no statistical significance. 5. In most cases, section curves were wider and deeper in permanent dentition than in primary dentition. Except cross intercuspal distances, in maxilla, section curve between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusp was the deepest in both dentition. In mandible, section curve between distobuccal and distal cusp was the deepest in permanent dentition and between distolingual and distal cusp was the deepest in primary dentition.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to clarify the palatal arch length, width and volume in the primary and permanent dentition. Samples were consisted of normal occlusion in the primary dentition(50 males and 50 females) and permanent dentition(43 males and 43 females). Their upper plaster casts were used and through 3-dimensional laser scanning(3D Scanner, DS4060, LDI, U.S.A.), cloud data, polygonization, section curve, loft surface and fit and horizontal plane were made for measuring the palatal arch length, width and volume(Surfacer 10.0, Imageware, U.S.A.). Correlation coefficients were calculated separately for males and females in each group(SPSS 10.0). The results were as follows : 1. Average distance from the fit plane to the points(tooth-tooth-palate) was greater in the permanent dentition than those of primary dentition. 2. Palatal volume was greater more than 3 times in the permanent dentition, especially it was greater in male compared to female with significance(p<0.05). 3. Palatal width of male was greater in the primary and permanent dentition but palatal length, only in the permanent dentition than that of female(P<0.05). 4. Correlation coefficients were statistically most significant between the palatal volume and size of posterior palatal width and total palatal length(r=0.401, r=0.450, r=0.678, r=0.654).

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.71-94
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of psychic distance between home country and host country on overseas foreign direct investment(OFDI) of Spanish companies through panel analysis. The panel data was based on cultural, institutional, economic, and geographical distance data over the past decade between Spain and Spain's OFDI countries. According to the Random Effect Model(REM) analysis, cultural distance(CULD) had a negative effect on OFDI, while institutional distance(INSD) had a positive effect. Among economic distances, income size distance(GDP) had a positive effect on OFDI, but export size distance(EXPO) had a negative effect. Geographic distance(PKM) had a negative impact. Meanwhile, according to the results of quantile regression analysis to prove the psychic distance effect by OFDI size, the effects of CULD and INSD in the quartile (75%) to which Korea belongs were the same as the REM analysis results. In addition, GDP and EXPO had a positive effect, and PKM had a negative effect but EXPO had a positive effect. Therefore, FDI host countries need to establish differentiated strategies through quantile analysis while making continuous efforts to improve the system.