• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.8B
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• pp.1161-1167
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 칼라 영상에 대한 인간 시각 특성과 무채색으로부터 정보를 추출하여 칼라 정지 영상에 효과적으로 워터마크 신호를 삽입하는 방법을 제안하였다. 워터마크는 이진 워터마크를 사용하였으며, 일반적으로 인간 시각 체계 특성에서 무채색(achromatic) 신호보다 유채색(chromatic) 신호에 대한 변별력이 떨어지는 특성을 이용하여 입·출력 장치로 획득된 RGB 좌표계의 칼라 정지 영상을 무채색 성분과 유채색 성분으로 완벽히 분리되는 다른 좌표계로 변환하여 워터마크를 유채색 포화도 성분에 삽입한다. 워터마크를 검출하는 과정은 원영상을 사용하지 않고 유채색 포화도 성분의 변경 형태를 추정하여 삽입된 워터마크를 검출 가능하였다. 실험 결과 특히 비가시성 특성 부분에서는 기존 방법들과 비교할 때 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며 강인성 또한 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10c
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• pp.505-509
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• 2007

색 변환(Color Transfer) 기법은 컴퓨터 비전 및 영상 처리 분야에서 점점 더 많은 연구가 되고 있는 분야이다. 이는 참조 영상의 분위기를 원본 영상에 반영하는 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 채도가 낮은 색상에서 나타나는 잘못된 연산 결과를 해결하기 위해 채도 문턱치에 따라 유채색과 무채색으로 분류하여 인덱싱 하고, Lab색 모델에서 색상 채널인 a, b를 사용하여 그림 영상에서의 색 변환하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 영상의 화소들의 채도 문턱치를 이용하여 유채색과 무채색으로 분류하는 단계, 분류된 화소들의 색 특성을 이용한 cylindrical metric를 이용한 인덱싱 하는 단계, 각 인덱스 내의 위치적 표준편차와 화소수를 이용하여 인덱스들의 우열을 가리는 단계, 인덱스들의 우세한 순서로 Lab 색 모델에서 a 채널과 b 채널을 이용하여 색 변환하는 단계 등 4단계로 구성된다. 실험결과는 제안한 방법이 무채색과 유채색이 잘 분류되어 인덱싱 되었음을 보이고 원본 영상의 색이 참조영상의 색으로 잘 변환된 것을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed the novel digital watermarking for color still image using the characteristics of human visual system and the distribution of DCT coefficients. We insert watermark signal in the chromatic components of YCrCb color space according the characteristics of the human visual system that chromatic component are less sensitive than achromatic components. In order to extract the watermark signal, we use the relationship among the DCT coefficients of watermarked image without using original one. Simulation results show that the proposed watermarking method is better quality on invisibility than the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2008

We present new methods which transfer the color style of a source image into an arbitrary given reference image. Misidentification problem of color cause wrong indexing in low saturation. Therefore, the proposed method do indexing after Image separating chromatic and achromatic color from saturation. The proposed method is composed of the following four steps : In the first step, Image separate chromatic and achromatic color from saturation using threshold. In the second step, image of separation do indexing using cylindrical metric. In the third step, the number and positional dispersion of pixel decide the order of priority for each index color. And average and standard deviation of each index color be calculated. In the final step, color be transferred in Lab color space, and post processing to removal noise and pseudo-contour. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective on indexing and color transfer.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

The main objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of achromatic & chromatic color coordination of contemporary female fashion by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' of four collections (i. e. cities) - Paris, Milan, New York, London - from the periods of 2002 S/S to 2006/7 A/W. The data was collected by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' magazine and total 677 observations were made. Statistical analysis of frequency and also qualitative interpretation of achromatic & chromatic color coordination characteristics were completed. The main findings were; (1) The achromatic & chromatic color coordination was identified as one of most used color coordination in contmeporary women's fashion collections. (2) Black and white mainly used for achromatic color, and brown used the most often, then followed by blue, red, yellow, green and the others for chromatic color in achromatic & chromatic coordination of contmeporary women's fashion collections. (3) The characteristics of achromatic & chromatic color coordination of modern women's fashion collections from 2002 S/S to 2006/07 A/W showed various images according to chromatic colors and tone variation. The combination of achromaticand brown color variations produced an intelligent and sophisticated image. The soft or light chromatic color and chromatic color combination projected soft, feminine and subtle feeling, while the combination of vivid or strong chromatic color and achromatic color projected a clean and strong feeling through contrasting tones of clear and bright colors. The chromatic color of deep or dark tone and black combination demonstrated supernatural and gloomy image. (4)In all four collections, Paris showed most use of two color coordination and then followed by Milan, N.Y, and London. N.Y showed higher rate of using achromatic & chromatic color coordination, and then followed by Paris, London and Milan.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

This paper proposes a multi-level vector error diffusion method using 64 primary colors to improve color impulse artifact in bright region. Vector error diffusion method causes color impulse artifact in bright region because we only use the Euclidean distance measure in quantization process. In order to reduce this artifact, the proposed method divides input color into chromatic color and achromatic color according to chroma value. In the case of chromatic color, input color is classified into bright region, middle bright region, and dark region according to lightness value. N candidate primary color is organized using lightness difference between input vector and 60 chromatic primary color vector in the case of bright region. Then, primary color with minimum vector norm between input vector and N candidate primary color in addition to 4 achromatic primary colors is selected as output color. As a result of experiments, the proposed method showed visually pleasing halftone output.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.85-106
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the form and color of the letter layout among 31 expression methods of official posters during the library week from 1964, for 57 years, and to propose the direction of poster production in the future by revealing what citizens prefer most by conducting a survey based on the results. As a result of analyzing the poster expression form for achieving the purpose of the study, the most common character layout was 'the top position of the character' in 13 out of 31 (41.9%), and in color, 'chromatic color' in 30 out of 31 (96.8%), and the temperature of color with 'cold color', 'fading color' and 'shrink color' in 18 out of 31 (58.1%), respectively. The results of the survey showed that the most preferred was 'top position of characters' for letter layout, and 'chromatic color' and 'cold color', 'advance color' and 'expansion color' were the most preferred for the color classification. Therefore, the character layout of the weekly poster for the library needs to be produced using 'the center position of the letter', and the colors need to be made using 'chromatic color', 'warm color', 'advance color' and 'expansion color'.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-143
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing image according to gender, coloration of chromatic and achromatic color, and interval of checked pattern. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 16 color pictures, in which the gender(male, female), interval(0.5cm, 1.5cm, 3.5cm, 5.5cm), and coloration(WR: white+red, WY: white+yellow, WB: white+Blue, WP: white+purple) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of clothing image. Data were obtained from 192 male college students and 192 female college students living in Seoul, Gwangju, Daegu, Jinju, and Changwon on March 2010. For data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows.; Clothing image according to coloration of chromatic and achromatic color, and interval of checked pattern consisted of six dimensions of attractiveness, appeal, activity, freshness, modesty, and cuteness. Gender showed an independent effect on attractiveness, appeal, activity, freshness, and cuteness. Interval showed an independent effect on attractiveness. Coloration showed an independent effect on appeal, activity, freshness, modesty, and cuteness. Also, interaction effects of gender and coloration on freshness and cuteness were found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

This study aims to characterize the effect of different combinations of chromatic-achromatic colors and 1:2:3 area-ratio variation of stripe necktie, and gender on the image of male wearer. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli consist of 84 color pictures manipulated with every combination of 12 different colors and 7 different area-ratio. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of image formation included 26 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 2016 undergraduate students in Gyeongnam, Seoul, Busan, and Daegu areas. The results of this study were as follows. The analyses of images of male wearer in terms of combinations of chromatic-achromatic colors and I :2:3 area-ratio variation of oblique stripe necktie reveal that the concerned factors are of five characteristic dimensions of youth-activity, ability, attractiveness, appeal, and warmness. In addition, it has been found that individual images of male wearer are affected by observer's gender as well as combinations of chromatic-achromatic colors and 1:2:3 area-ratio variation of stripe neckties and that those images vary with every combination of each factor. The study results are highly expected to be used as useful sources in developing necktie designs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1007-1019
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of achromatic shirt and chromatic tie combination on image of menswear. This experiment was designed by shirt color(N9, N7, N4, N2), tie color(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 96 upper body photographs and 26 7-point bi-polar adjectives were used to evaluate the image. The subjects of this research were 480 male and 480 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 4 image factor: potency, activity, attractiveness, and visibility. Shirt color, tie color, tie tone influenced on the 4 image dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. Dull or dark tone tie had an effect on the formation of potency image. And white color shirt, vivid or light tone tie had an effect on the formation of activity image. White or black shirt had a positive effect on attractiveness, and black shirt or vivid tone tie was effective for visible image.