• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유전다양성

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Genetic Diversity of Culturable Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Halophytes Naturally Growing in Muan Salt Marsh (무안 염습지에 자생하는 염생식물(halophyte)의 뿌리로부터 분리된 내생진균(endophytic fungi)의 유전학적 다양성)

  • You, Young-Hyun;Yoon, Hyeok-Jun;Seo, Yeong-Gyo;Kim, Mi-Ae;Kang, Myung-Suk;Kim, Chang-Mu;Ha, Sang-Chul;Cho, Ga-Youn;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.7
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    • pp.970-980
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    • 2012
  • Native halophytes, such as Suaeda maritima, Limonium tetragonum, S. japonica, Zoysia sinica, and Phragmites australis were collected from the Muan salt marsh. Ninety endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of the collected halophytes. Molecular insights inferred by internal transcribed spacer containing ITS1, 5.8s, and the ITS2 region showed that all the fungal strains belong to ten orders, i.e., Capnodiales (4.44%), Cystofilobasidiales (1.11%), Dothideales (3.33%), Eurotiales (53.33%), Glomerellales (3.33%), Hypocreales (8.89%), Mucorales (1.11%), Pleosporales (15.56%), Sordariales (1.11%), and Trichosphaeriales (1.11%). The rest (6.67%) of all fungal isolates were not identified. Ninety fungal strains were confirmed at the genus level, containing Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cephalosporium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Cryptococcus, Didymella, Dothideomycete, Emericellopsis, Epicoccum, Eupenicillium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Gongronella, Macrophoma, Microsphaeropsis, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Paraconiothyrium, Penicillium, Phaeomyces, Phoma, Pleosporales, Purpureocillium, and Talaromyces. Of all the endophytic fungi identified from the various halophytes, Aspergillus and Penicillium of Eurotiales had the highest abundance.

Population Genetic Structure of Japanese Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in Korean waters Based on Mitochondrial 12S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences (미토콘드리아 12S 리보종 RNA 유전자배열에 의한 한국해역 멸치 개체군의 유전자 구조)

  • Kim Jin Yeong;Cho Eun Seob;Kim Woo Jin
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.6 s.67
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    • pp.938-950
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    • 2004
  • We used portions of mitochondrial 125 ribosomal RNA gene sequences (339 bp) to investigate the phylogenetic and population genetic characteristics of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, in Korean waters. A total of 35 mtDNA haplotypes were obtained from the samples collected in 3 locations (the southern area of the Yellow Sea, the western coast of Jejudo, and the eastern area of the South Sea) in Korean waters. One haplotype, AN8T103, obtained from the southern area of the Yellow Sea, was formed according to an independent phylogenetic individual in the PAUP analysis, which was separated from the others by a $0.2-4.1\%$ sequence divergence. This distinct haplotype appeared to be one that was carried by immigrants from another study area, but further study is necessary. Genetic divergence, except for AN8T103, was moderate to substantial $(0.2-3.8\%)$ and nucleotide diversity within populations was 0.015 for Yellow Sea, 0.013 for Jejudo, and 0.D15 for South Sea, respectively. The female gene flow was substantial or high (Nm=25.5-36.4), and the genetic distances between regions were not statistically significant $(P>0.01)$. These results indicated that the Japanese anchovy populations occurring in Korean waters were consisted of individuals randomly dispersed over geographic areas.

The Characteristics of $V_H$ Gene Family Expression in Early B Cells (어린 B세포가 갖는 $V_H$유전자 발현의 특성)

  • JEONG Hyun Do;HUH Min-Do
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.114-122
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    • 1995
  • Defining the mechanisms of B cell diversification which establish the immune repertoire is fundamental to understand how the immune response is regulated. In this report, B cell differentiation and diversification focused on the regulation of immunoglobulin $V_H$ gene expression during ontogeny were analyzed by in situ hybridization technique. Fetal liver B cells in .different gestational days from 16d to 20d showed the predominant expression of $V_H7183$ and $V_HQ52$ without transition of repertoire during the observed gestation days. The two subsets of fetal liver B cells separated according to different differentiation stages based on the presence of tell surface immunoglobulin also did not indicate apparent difference in expressed $V_H$ gene family profiles. B cells in fetal spleen as an another hematopoietic lymphoid tissue in fetus also expressed similar $V_H$ gene repertoire to that in fetal liver B cells. This distinct pattern of $V_H$ gene expression in fetal B cells from that of adult B cells were not changed even after four weeks contact with adult bone marrow microenvironment supplied by the established adult bone marrow stromal cell layers. Thus, the restricted $V_H$ gene repertoire of B cells in fetus which is distinct from that in adult appears to be associated more with the genetic potential of fetal B cell progenitors and less with environmental influences or differentiation stages or compartmentalization.

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Taxonomy of a Soil Bacteria YNB54 Strain Which Shows Specific Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Phytophthora spp. (식물역병균 Phytophthora spp.에 특이 길항균인 YNB54 균주의 분류)

  • Kim Sam-Sun;Kwon Soon-Wo;Lee Seon-Young;Kim Soo-Jin;Koo Bon-Sung;Weon Hang-Yeon;Kim Byung-Yong;Yeo Yun-Soo;Lim Yoong-Ho;Yoon Sang-Hong
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2006
  • YNB54 strain which shows inhibitory activities specific to the plant pathogenic Phytophthora sp. on potato dextrose agar medium was screened among lots of strains isolated from Korean soils. To identify taxonomy of the Phytophthora specific antagonistic bacteria YNB54, 165 rDNA sequence, MIDI fatty acid composition, DNA-DNA hybridization, GC content, and commercial multitest systems such as API 20E and Biolog GN were performed. Results of commercial kits including lots of biochemical and physiological reactions showed that this strain was closely related to taxa including Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter cancerogenus species than other genera(Citerobacter Klebsiella, Leclercia). Also, analysis of its MIDI, G+C contents, and DNA-DNA hybridization suggests that this strain was more similiar to the Genus Enterobacter than other genera (Citerobacter Klebsiella, Leclercia). This strain was potentially identified as Enterobacter sp. by these results. But our 16S ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) analysis confirmed that it was more closely related to the cluster of Citerobacter freundii ATCC 29935 than any other Enterobacter species. In the absence of defined phylogenetic critia for delineating genera, the results observed with Citrobacter and Enterobacter species suggest that further studies are needed to clarify their relationships. This investigation demonstrates that YNB54 strain is genetically diverse and potentially more taxonomically complex than hitherto realized. Further study is necessary to confirm their taxonomic positions.

Development of Roundup Ready Bentgrass for the Control of Poa annua (새포아풀 방제를 위한 Roundup Ready Bentgrass의 개발)

  • Christians, Nick E.;Lee, Jeong-Ho
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.77-82
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    • 2006
  • Annual bluegrass(Poa annua L.) is a problem weed that is very difficult to control on golf courses. There are some reasons that make Poa annua such a difficult weed to be controled. One of these reasons is this plant's ability to reproduce its seed even under stressful conditions. Another reason is its adaptation to low mowing heights. Above all things, the greatest competitive advantage of Poa annua is its genetic diversity. Generally, Poa annua is a bunch type and annual type cool-season grass, but some types act as weak perennials and have stolons. There has been much research on controlling annual bluegrass in golf course turf with chemical and cultural techniques. This research has been conducted for more than 85 years. There has been some progress in controlling some types of Poa annua, but these methods have not been successful on every biotype. Among all of the techniques, Roundup ready creeping bentgrass has the most promise of controlling the diverse types of Poa annua. Roundup ready bentgrass is capable of tolerating the effects of Roundup(glyphosate) while it kills other plants including Poa annua. By using this new technology, we can make Poa annua free greens, tees, and fairways.

The Production, Distribution, and Utilization of Rice in Japan (일본의 쌀 생산, 유통 및 이용 현용)

  • Inouchi, Naoyoshi
    • Food preservation and processing industry
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2002
  • 일본은 기후적으로도 쌀의 생산에 적합하며 쌀은 일본의 주곡이다. 1893년 국립농업연구소가 설치된 이래로 쌀은 품질과 단보당 생산량이 꾸준히 개선되어와 116의 노동시간으로 생산량은 2.5배의 증가를 가져왔다. 이러한 진전은 재배방법의 개선, 비료, 농약, 재배기술, 기계화, 관개배수, 농지개량 등의 요인들로 볼 수 있다. 현재 일본에서 생산되고 있는 주요 쌀 품종으로는 코시히카리($35.5\%$), 히토메보레($9.7\%$), 히노히카리($9.0\%$), 아키다코마치($8.5\%$), 키라라($4.8\%$) 등 10여 품종이며 최근에는 형질전환 품종의 연구와 함께 생물공학적 연구 ,생리, 품질, 곤충과 잡초, 토양, 식품가공 등 기본적인 연구에 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 새로운 형태의 쌀 품종으로는 냉동조리쌀밥, 초밥, 레토르트룡 쌀 등 가공용으로 적합하도록 하기 위하여 아밀로오즈의 함량을 $5-15\%$로 낮춘 쌀이나 카레, 필라프, 튀김 쌀 등의 용도에 적합하도록 아밀로오스의 함량을 $30\%$이상으로 높인 쌀뿐만 아니라 곡립의 크기와 길이 등을 변형시킨 쌀, 유색미, 향미, 단백질 함량 조절 쌀, 거대 배아미, lipoxygenase 활성을 없앤 쌀, 단맛나는 쌀 등이 연구, 생산되고 있다. 일본에서의 쌀이용은 먼저 가공용 쌀을 들 수 있다. 밥, 청주, 스낵, 쌀가루, 미소발효 등 다양하게 이용이 되고 있으며 parboiled rice와 이의 색과 향을 개선한 converted rice, 현미를 이용한 가공쌀, 쌀빵, 현미가루, 세척미, 쌀국수, 쌀스낵, 당과, 죽, 쌀은 채소아 함께하는 타키코미고한, 초밥, 냉동쌀밥, 무균포장밥, 건조밥, 즉석밥 등 매우 다양하다.는 일, 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종, 기계화를 비롯한 경작기술의 발달, 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구, 특정기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용, 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.하는데 도움이 되리라 생각된다.=0.002)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 결론 : 본 기관에서 시행되어진 근침윤성 방광암에 대한 방광보존치료법은 기존의 근치적 방광절제술에 비하여 대등한 치료성적을 내는 동시에 $63\%$에서 장기보존이 가능하였다. 따라서 본 치료법이 방광암의 치료에 적극적으로 적용되어야 할 것으로 생각하며 향후 여러 기관이 참여하는 활발한 연구를 통해 한국인에게 가장 적절한 치료법을 개발해야 될 것으로 생각한다. B2+3, C1, C2+3군에서 수술달독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 골반종양제어율은 각각 $79\%$$75\%$ (p=0.88), $100\%$$100\%,\;44\%$$68\%$ (p=0.01)이었다. 전체 환자를 대상으로 다요인 분석을 시행한 결과 생존율과 무병생존율에 병기만이 유의하였고 두 치료 군에서도 역시 병기가 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 전체환자에서 골반종양제어율에 유의한 예후인자로 다요인분석을 시행한 결과 병기와 수술방법이 유의하였다. 수술단독군에서는 병기만이 유의하였고 방사선치료 추가군에서는 수술방법만이 유의하여 복부회음절제술군의 골반종양재발률이 높았다. 결론 : 본 후향적 연구에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료를 시행하여 수술단독군에 비해 병기 C2+3군에서 골반종양제어율이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 병기 B2이상의 모든 환자에서 골반종양제어율 뿐만 아니라 생존율의 향상을 가져오기

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High-Value Materials from Microalgae (미세조류 유래 고부가 유용물질)

  • 오희목;최애란;민태익
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2003
  • Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms and abundant in every ecosystem in the biosphere. They are common in aqueous environments including marine, brackish and fresh waters and in some habitats that lack eukaryotic life such as some hot springs and highly alkaline lakes. Microalgal biotechnology that is focused on the microalgae-based production of a variety of useful materials such as pharmaceutical comfounds, health foods, natural pigments, and biofuels is considered as an important discipline with the development of biotechnology. In addition, the mass cultivation of microalgae can also contribute to improving the environmental quality by reducing the concentration of $CO_2$ which is one of major gases lead to global warming. Consequently, it seems that the microalgae can be used as an efficient, renewable, environmentally friendly source of high-value biomaterials such as chemicals, pigments, energy, etc. and the microalgal biotechnology will most likely represent a larger portion of modern biotechnology.

Classification of Artemisia spp. Collections Based on Morphological Characters and RAPD Analysis (쑥 수집종의 형태적 형질과 RAPD분석에 의한 분류)

  • Park, Sang-Kyu;Chung, Bong-Hwan;Kim, Hong-Sig;Cho, Yong-Gu
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.278-286
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to classify 80 Artemisia spp. collections based on morphological characters and RAPD analysis to get the basic information of Artemisia spp. collections as medicinal plants. The eighty Artemisia spp. collections were classified into 5 groups with the maximum distance 0.82 between clusters based on the complete linkage cluster analysis with morphological traits. Out of 80 operon primer, 10 primers showing polymorphic bands were selected for RAPD analysis. Among the 98 bands amplified with the primers, 68 (69%) bands showed polymorphism. The number of amplified bands ranged from 8 to 10 with an average number of 9.8 bands. Artemisia spp. collections classified into 6 groups with the similarity value of 0.63 in dendrogram derived from the cluster analysis based on RAPDs. Group consisted of 29 collections. Group, which is the largest one, contained 40 collections. Most of the A. asiatica and A. feddei LEV et VNT. were classified into Group and. The rest of the collections (31%) were classified into Group $III{\sim}V$.

Gene Structure and Function of fkhE, a Forkhead Gene in a Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans (Aspergillus nidulans forkhead 유전자 fkhE의 구조와 기능 분석)

  • Park, Mi-Hye;Kim, Hyoun-Young;Kim, Jong-Hwa;Han, Kap-Hoon
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.160-166
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    • 2010
  • A homothallic filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans has been used as the a model organism for studying growth and development for eukaryotic system. Various studies about specific transcription factors have been performed for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of growth, asexual and sexual developmental processes. Among them, the fkhE gene (AN2025.3) is located in chromosome VII and contains an ORF encoding 718 amino acid polypeptide intervening with two short introns. The cDNA sequencing revealed that at least four types of alternative splicing events were occurred when the fkhE gene was transcribed. The putative FkhE polypeptide contains a conserved forkhead domain and a bipartite nuclear localization signal at it's N-terminus and C-terminus, respectively. Deletion of fkhE resulted in impaired conidiophore formation in a solid medium. However, the sexual developmental process or cleistothecia formation was normal. Furthermore, fkhE deletion mutant produced conidiophores and conidia under the submerged culture, indicating that the fkhE gene is involved in asexual developmental process similar to the fkhF gene.

High Prevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL)-Producing Acinetobacter spp. Isolates Disseminated in a Korean Hospital (국내 대학병원에서 분리된 Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL) 생성 Acinetobacter spp. 분리주의 높은 출현율과 유전형 특징)

  • Yum, Jong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.444-452
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    • 2019
  • Carbapenem resistance, mediated by the major acquired metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes, has been increasingly reported, particularly for clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Of the 191 nonduplicate clinical isolates of the carbapenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter spp. evaluated, 125 isolates (65.4%) were positive for the modified imipenem or meropenem-Hodge test, and 49 isolates (25.7%) were positive for the imipenem-EDTA+SMA double disk synergy test (DDS). PCR and sequencing of the blaVIM-2-allele and blaIMP-1-allele showed that 29 A. baumannii isolates and 1 A. calcoaceticus isolate had blaVIM-2, whereas 16 A. baumannii isolates and 2 A. calcoaceticus isolates had blaIMP-6; 1 isolate of the A. genomospecies 3 had blaVIM-2 and blaAIM-1. All the above MBL genes belong to class 1 integron. The size of class 1 integron encompassing blaVIM-2 or blaIMP-6 ranges from 2.8 kb to 3.2 kb in clinical isolates of A. baumannii, and 3.2 kb to 3.5 kb in clinical isolates of A. genomospecies 3. blaVIM-2 was most often located first or second in the class 1 integron, and these integrons often included aacA4. Due to dispersion of the MBL-producing Acinetobacter spp. as well as integron, which may encompass various resistance genes, there is an expectation for the increase of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including resistance of carbapenems such as imipenem or meropenem. Hence, the development of new antimicrobial agents for treating severe Acinetobacter spp. infections is needed.