• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• v.8 no.24
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• pp.27-30
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• 1986

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2006

This paper aims at investigating the developments and challenges of Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP), a regional cooperation mechanism to protect marine environment in Northeast Asia. As one of 16 UNEP's Regional Seas Program, NOWPAP has evolved since its inception in 1994. Based on the belief that a cooperative institution may work more efficiently to address common regional concerns on marine environment, China, Japan, Russia and South Korea have developed NOWPAP under the UNEP's leadership. NOWPAP now has its own independent secretariat, and 4 regional activity centers while expanding its partnership with other institutions. However, NOWPAP must address several challenges that it now faces for better achievement of its goals. They include consideration of unique geopolitical situation in this region, participation of North Korea, incorporation of sustainable development concept in its activities, reconsideration of equal opportunity principle for more efficient cooperation, and securing sufficient financial resources.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.73-92
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• 2019

Disasters and crises are spreading across the globe, and there has been an increase in the number disasters in northeast Asia, such as earthquakes in Sichuan, China, and East Japan. This study aims to propose a plan to attract facilities from the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD). Although there are no prior domestic studies, the study focuses on the role of intangible benefits, values, and economic outcomes in attracting facilities. Based on an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Korea's host environment, using the UN's annual report and Korea's overseas emergency relief data, the study will analyze the status of relevant UN organizations and derive detailed strategies. In order to attract facilities from the UNHRD, it will be necessary to build and promote a cooperative system with domestic and foreign NGO experts in humanitarian assistance and joint proposals from government departments and local governments. In the long-run, it will be necessary to work closely with the relevant UN agencies to achieve strategic progress.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2003

The geography, circulation pattern, and ecology show that the semi-closed seas of Northwest Pacific be managed as one complete system. Ongoing multilateral cooperative efforts relevant to marine environmental protection in the Northwest Pacific area, include the Working Group for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) established under the auspices of WNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commissions, the UNDP/GEF Programme on Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution in East Asian Seas (PEMSEA), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization(PICES), and the United Nations Environment Programme(WNEP)'s Northwest Pacific Action Plan(NOWPAP). The present report firstly describes the current situations on the existing regional cooperative regimes for marine environmental conservation in the Northwest Pacific region, with a special respect to the Northwest Pacific Action Plan(NOWPAP) which was adopted in 1994 by Japan, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea and Russian Federation. Then, problems of the existing regimes are also discussed, together with the suggestion of the possible solutions, focusing on NOWPAP. Suggestions include: 1) the Northeast Asian countries should understand the importance of legally-binding regional convention, and should build up any legally-binding instrument which can function as a big umbrella for real regional cooperation without prejudice to the rights of the States, 2) At present stage, it will be possible to make a regional convention flexible without prejudice to the sovereign right of the States or territorial issues; 3) taking into account that the region often faces many generic political problems that often inhibit the effective collective actions on environmental issues, the leadership from UNEP or other international organizations is required; 4) strong institutional and financial framework should be made, and 5) multilateral efforts to respond to the new marine environmental threats should be taken at the regional level in order to protect the coastal and marine environments in the Northwest Pacific.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.134-138
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• 2003

그 동안 수산업이 규모나 생산면에서 과거에 비해 성장을 한 것은 사실이나 타 부문에 비해 상대적 열위 상황이 지속되고 있으며 어촌 역시 타 지역보다 생활환경이 열악하여 많은 인구의 탈어촌화가 이루어져 왔다. 앞으로의 어촌과 수산업에 대해서는 비관적인 견해와 낙관적인 전망이 교차하는 가운데, 1992년 리우 유엔환경개발회의에서는 $\ulcorner$의제 21$\lrcorner$을 통하여 연안의 중요성을 천명하고 이의 지속가능개발을 위하여 각 연안국에 적절한 국내 조치를 수립ㆍ추진하도록 권고한 바 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Honolulu Strategy is a framework document to address marine debris issue globally. The Fifth International Marine Debris Conference held in March 2011 and organized by NOAA and UNEP catalyzed the development of the Holonulu Strategy. Goals of the Strategy are to reduce the amount and impact of land-based, sea-based, and accumulated marine debris. A set of strategies for each goal were provided for education and awareness, legislation, and alternative technologies. The Strategy also lists indicators that could be used to evaluate outcomes of strategies. The adoption of the Honolulu Strategy by the international community has led the international organizations such as GPA, IMO, and CBD to strengthen their responses to the marine debris issue. UN has also set up specific actions that will be implemented until 2025 through its resolutions on marine debris. Recent global developments related to the marine debris issue might lead to a change in the character of the international marine debris management from the current soft law regime to a mandatory one. The Honolulu Strategy could provide a guideline when the Korean government formulates the Second Basic Plan for Marine Debris Management, especially with its prevention-oriented approaches, utilization of scientific policy development tools, and adoption of evaluation system using performance indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 1993

산업활동에 의해서 대기중에 배출되어지는 $CO_2$의 예측수법으로써 1983연도 미환경보호국의 보고서 $\ulcorner$지구기후안정화의 정책선정$\lrcorner$ 및 세계적으로 폭넓게 쓰여지고 있는 J. Edmonds & J. Reilly 양씨가 발표한 보문 $\ulcorner$장기 지구 Energy $CO_2$모델$\lrcorner$등을 사용해서 각종 화석연료의 궁극가채매장양으로부터 $CO_2$의 방출양을 예측 검토해 본 것이다. 대기중의 $CO_2$농도는 산업혁명 이후의 약 280ppm에서 최근 약 350ppm으로까지 증대되어가고 있다는 보고다. 그 원인은 지구삼림 개발과 석탄등의 화석연료 연소에 의해 대기중에 방출되어 지는 $CO_2$ 때문인 것이다. 현재 인류는 연간 탄소환산으로써 약 52억톤의 화석연료를 소비하여 발생시킨 $CO_2$를 대기중에 방출하고 있다. 세계기상기구(WMO)와 유엔환경계획(UNEP)이 주최하는 기후변동의 정부간판넬(IPCC)의 보고에서는 만약 아무런 대책도 공시하지 않고 있다면(시나리오 Bau: Bussiness as Usual), 전지구적 평균기온은 내세기의 10년안에 0.3$^{\circ}C$씩 상승이 예상된다고 한다. 이와같은 변화는 과거 1 만년간에 비유할수 없을만큼 급격한 변화도 있다고 하는 것이다. 이것은 2025년에는 내세기말 까지에는 3$^{\circ}C$의 기온상승이 예상되고, 이에 따른 해면상승은 2030년에는 20cm, 내세기말까지에는 65cm로 예상하고 있다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

The Long-Term Sustainability (LTS) guidelines have attracted the most attention in the recent formation of international norms of behavior regarding outer space activities. The discussion began at the U.N. COPUOS in 2010. In June 2019, the 21 guidelines were finally adopted. The guidelines include international cooperation to promote and support the observation of the situation of orbiting objects, including space debris, for the purpose of preserving the space environment indefinitely, sharing data and forecasts on space weather, and announcing each country's space policy in accordance with international law. Some guidelines have failed to reach a consensus as the mitigation of space debris is often difficult to separate from space weapons tests. As plans for small satellites and Rendezvous and Proximity Operations have been projected for the future, it is expected that each countries' position on preserving the space environment will become more acute.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

The façade, a fundamental function as a skin that protects human life from external environment such as cold and hot weather, snow, rain, and wind, etc, has served as a media for communication between indoor space of the building and outside space. From the media for communication point of view, the approach to envelope design, in which environmental elements are transmitted internally through the filtering of external environments, has been evolving in various ways from the past to the present. Today, modern architecture technologies including curtain wall systems and user-friendly computer programming and environmental analysis programs demonstrate a differentiated approach to envelope design related to the indoor environment. For this reason, it is worth noting that the envelope design factors and trends that appear variously in the UNStudio's projects before and after the 2000s. The factors reflected in the envelop design in conjunction with the indoor environment obtained through the case study of the UNStudio's office projects were daylight environment, thermal environment, ventilation, noise, privacy and view, and consideration for daylight environment and thermal environment was reflected in many cases through the case study. Looking at the changes in the diagrams in order of year, it can be seen that the envelope design using the environmental analysis tool has been performed since 2006. This is a clue to show the envelop design changes from the conceptual method to the data-based one. The diagrams and analysis results related to the envelop design showed that the thermal environment related to solar radiation was the most, and no diagrams and analysis related to the indoor illumination were found. Since 2010, PV panel installation has been shown in the envelope design, which can be found in the increased efficiency of PV panels due to the technological advances and the decrease in production cost.

• Maritime Security
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-149
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• 2021

Even 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan has yet to solve the problems emerging from generating contaminated water every day. Japan has unilaterally decided to release nuclear wastewater in the sea despite Korea's concerns about safety as their radioactive water storage tanks reach the limits. Despite Korea's response, Japan is still preparing to discharge nuclear wastewater without fulfilling its obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. There are concerns about marine pollution caused by the radioactive materials from nuclear wastewater and invading Korea's maritime sovereignty. In particular, it is impossible to reverse the effects of environmental pollution, so plans to discharge radioactive water must be prevented unless immediate safety is guaranteed. This study proposes Korea's response strategy to resolve the conflict between the two countries due to plans to release contaminated water. Korea should respond to Japan's release of nuclear wastewater in the sea in various ways through cooperation with Japan, provisional measures, and cooperation with neighboring countries.