• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 1996

Acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity was determined in germinating seedlings of two rice cultivars treated with cinosulfuron [3-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1-[2-methoxyethoxy)-phenylsulfonyl]-urea]. IR 74(Indica type) was more tolerant than Hwajinbyeo(Japonica type) under various rates of cinosulfuron applied at the pregermination stage. In vitro response of ALS activity in the two rice cultivars was similar to $I_{50}$ values(cinosulfuron concentration required for 50% inhibition of ALS activity) of about 23ppb. In vivo, ALS activity of IR 74 increased as the seedlings grew, but that of Hwajinbyeo dropped at 5 days after 10ppm cinosulfuron treatment and shoot growth of Hwajinbyeo lagged at 4 to 5 days after herbicide treatment. ALS activity and shoot growth of Hwajinbyeo was resumed from cinosulfuron-induced inhibition at 6 days after cinosulfuron treatment. The differential response of ALS activity in two different rice cultivars against cinosulfuron may not be due to difference of ALS sensitivity, but rather due to different metabolic inactivation rates of cinosulfuron.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

Mature nodal segments of 2-year-old greenhouse stock plant were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with the different kinds and various concentrations of cytokinins to produce multiple shoots in in vitro condition. The most adventitious shoots were produced from excised ends of nodal segments. The highest average number $(24.6\;{\pm}\;4.6)$ of shoots was produced with the combination of BA 1.0mg/L and TDZ 0.1mg/L in MS medium. In addition, several shoots were formed from lenticels of bark cambium with the same treatment. These concentrations promoted high shooting capability upto $94.6\%$ and NAA was the best cytokinin among five different PGR sources.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2010

Due to the increasing incidence of diabetes, obesity and hypertensive, stevia has been placed great attentions as the sweetener to substitute sucrose in the world. Stevia was introduced to Korea in 1970's, but it has not been an attractive crop in that time. However, recently it has more attention for the natural food sweet additives. Because stevia have many problems for cultivation especially cultivar, seed germination, fertility, uniformity and glycoside quality, the sport mutation was attempted to in vitro plants for the improvement of some characteristics. The young in vitro plants was nursed on MS medium supplemented with $1mg\;l^{-1}\;GA_3$. Shoots of 10 cm height were irradiated with 0~200 Gy of gamma ray and the every node was separated and inoculated on MS basic medium. The lethality, number and length of shoot, numbers of node and branch were investigated for the evaluation of radiosensitivity. The optimum dose of gamma ray seemed to be around 80 Gy for the sport mutation induction in stevia. The lower node was more sensitive than higher node to radiation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

When haploid plant would be appeared by the anther culture, the large quantity of young plant multiplied maternal inheritance and the same pure line rapidly in the short length of time, which will be effected to cut down much expences efforts and time for the production of seeds or seedlings. Therefore, the development of the technique for this would be much profited in the country industry. In the late of a few years studies were early attempted in this field, but up this time there were a few success of plants only and none of perennial plant. In this status of the country condition required earnestly for the development of the green industry, this researcher attempted to culture the anther of late uninucleate microspore or early binucleate microspore of the Prunus mume and other three psecies, economic trees estimated specially economic, on the place of Modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supliment with Kinetine, 2.4-D, and N.A.A for inducing haploid plants. The obtained results were as follows: 1. 2,000 anthers were cultured and there were shown that 2N callus in Prunus mume had 82 as 4.1%, 2N callus in Prunus tomentosa 15 as 0.8%, 2 N callus in Prunus salisina 75 as 4% 2. N callus had shown 40 as 2% from Prunus armeniaca var. ansu only, and the other trees showed all 2N callus. 3. Callus had appeared in every tree but 2N callus appeared was all filaments and there showed from only connective tissue N callus appeared was all from anther locule inside. 4. Then Prunus armeniaca var. ansu only was not callus of somatic anther tissue origin, but as there was callus origined from microspore which was changed in to swollen microspores or polynucleate microspores, it was certained to need haploid plant.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1030-1041
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• 2018

Abiotic stresses limit the growth and productivity of plants. Cellular adaptation to abiotic stresses requires coordinated regulation in gene expression directed by complex mechanisms. This study used the activation tagging system to identify novel salt stress-responsive genes. The study selected 9 activation tagging lines that showed salt stress-tolerant phenotypes during their germination stages. Thermal asymmetric interlaced-PCR (TAIL-PCR) was used to identify the T-DNA tagging sites on the Arabidopsis genome in selected activation tagging lines, including AT7508, AT7512, AT7527, AT7544, AT7548, and AT7556. RT-PCR analysis showed that ClpC2/HSP93-III (At3g48870), plant thionin family (At2g20605), anti-muellerian hormone type-2 receptor (At3g50685), vacuolar iron transporter family protein (At4g27870), and microtubule-associated protein (At5g16730) were activated in AT7508, AT7512, AT7527, AT7544, and AT7556, respectively. Interestingly, in AT7548, both the genes adjacent to the T-DNA insertion site were activated: Arabinogalactan protein 13 (AGP13) (At4g26320) and F-box/RNI-like/FBD-like domains-containing protein (At4g26340). All of the seven genes were newly identified as salt stress-responsive genes from this study. Among them, the expression of ClpC2/HSP93-III, AGP13, F-box/RNI-like/FBD-like domains-containing protein gene, and microtubule-associated protein gene were increased under salt-stress condition. In addition, AT7508, AT7527, and AT7544 were more tolerant to salt stress than wild type at seedling development stage, functionally validating the screening results of the activation tagging lines. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the activation tagging system is useful for identifying novel stress-responsive genes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to compare the varietal differences of winter hardiness based on the values of winter hardiness index(W1) and the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rate (DWIRTAR), and the evaluate the method of measurements for winter hardiness in 17 orchardgrass varieties grown under mountainous area of Tackwalyon, Kangwon-do. Korea. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Seedling vigours(SV) of plant before wintering indicated highly significant negative correlation with the dry weight of 1st cutting(DW) and the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates (DWIRTAR). 2. The dry weight of 1st cutting(DW) indicated significant positive correlations with the number of tillers per plant(NT). dry weight of a tiller(WT), lield survival rate(SR). heading rate(HR) and the dry weight of heading tillers(HDW). 3. Correlation coefficients of the dry weight of 1st cutting(DW) with winter hardiness index(W1) was 0.499(p<0.05), and the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) was 0.895(p<0.001), respectively. 4. Between the winter hardiness index(W1) and field survival rate(SR) showed highly significant positive correlation(p<0.001). And, the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) showed highly significant positive correlation(p<0.001) with the dry weight of a tiller(WT) and the dry weight of heading tillers(HDW). 5. The varieties were classified into 2 groups by winter hardiness index(W1). The 13 varieties of Hallmark. lna, Rancho, Amba, Filippa, Sparta, Hokuto, Kitamidori, Okamidori, Wasemidori, Shinyo, Potomac and Summer-green belong to the group of W1)100, and 4 varieties of Able, Juno, Napier and Jesper belong to the group of WI(100, respectively. 6. And, also classified into 2 groups by the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates (DWIRTAR). The 4 varieties of Amba, Okamidori, Wasemidori and Summer-green belong to the group of DW1RTAR)l.O and 13 varieties of Able, Hallmark, Ina, Juno, Napier, Rancho, Filippa. Jesper, Sparta, Hokuto, Kitamidori, Shinyo and Potomac belong to the group of DW/RTAR(1.0, respectively. The variety with DW/RTAR)I.O is belong to the group of high potential winter hardiness, and also obtained a high values over the 100 of winter hardiness index(W1). 7. The dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) may be a very useful ecological character to evaluate the potential winter hardiness of orchardgrass varieties grown under mountainous area of Taekwalyon(altitudinal ranges about 800m).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2006

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) has been used as a rootstock for the watermelon cultivation because of better growth ability at low temperature and avoidance from contamination of the soil disease. Since the genetic source for the elite rootstock is limited in nature, the genetic engineering method is inevitable to develop new lines especially to obtain the functionally important or multi-disease resistant bottle gourd. Recently, our lab has set up a successful system to transform the bottle gourd. in order to monitor the transformation process, GFP gene is used. Cotyledons of the inbred line 9005, 9006 and G5 were used to induce the shoot under the selection media with MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 100 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime + 0.5 mg/L $AgNO_3$, pH 5.8. The shoot was developed from the cut side of the explants after 3 weeks on the selection media. The shoot was incubated in the rooting media with 1/2 MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 0.1 mg/L IAA + 50 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime, pH 5.8 and moved to pot for acclimation. Although the shoot development rate was depended on the genotype, the G5 was the best line to be transformed. Monitoring GFP expression from the young shoot under microscope could make the selection much easier to distinguish the transformed shoot from the non-transformed shoots.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2005

Shoots of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) derived from in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on MS medium containing $0.1\;\cal{mg/L}$ NAA under various photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) 33, 66, and $99\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ with or without membrane filter. Number of air exchanges per hour (NAEH) of the culture vessel with membrane filter on the lid was $4.9 h^{-1}$ and that without membrane filter was $0.1 h^{-1}$ Plantlets grown in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH showed greater growth than in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. According to increase of PPF, plantlets growth decreased in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH while it increased in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH. At the same PPF, fresh weight and sugar content in plantlets in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH were above 1.9, 2.0 times higher than those in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH, respectively. Also they were enhanced in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH by increase of PPF whereas no significance in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. The percentage of water content of plantlets in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH was $4.2\~5.5\%$ lower than those in $0.1 h^{-1}$ and no difference in PPF. The content of total chlorophyll in plantlets in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH was higher $0.27\~0.79\;\cal{mg/g}$ F.W. than that in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. By increase of PPF, it was decreased in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH while had no significant difference in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH. Guard and subsidiary cells of leaves in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH were more developed than in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. Especially, in $99\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ leaves in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH had undeveloped subsidiary cells and wide open stomata whereas those in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH had well-developed subsidiary cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of medium composition for in vitro mass propagation of Lycoris squamigera Max. After the disks of short stems, segments of leaf within bulb and scale were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators, they were examined for the extent of callus formation, shoot and root regeneration. In the culture of stem disks, adventitious shoots were regenerated from the basal tissue of bulb scales, and combined medium of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D or NAA＋2.0 mg/L BA or kinetin showed the the best response and 4∼6 shoots per explant formed. In the culture of leaf segments within bulbs, both MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA＋2.0 mg/L TDZ and with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D＋1.0∼2.0 mg/L BA were produced callus profusely on the base of leaf tissue and 3∼6 shoots were regenerated per explant. In the scale segments culture, calli were produced on the basal tissue on medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D＋1.0∼2.0 mg/L BA. The best result were shown on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA＋2.0 mg/L TDZ, and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D＋1.0∼2.0 mg/L BA. Maximum number of regenerated shoots was up to 10∼12. Adventitious root formation from explants were formed profusely on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA＋2.0 mg/L kinetin. The most desirable method for mass propagation of plantlets was the shoot regeneration from scale segments then subsequently subcultured on medium for rooting.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine optimal medium conditions for mass propagation by bioreactor culture of ever-bearing strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa D.). Two different type of nitride were that mixed $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$ or added $KNO_3$ only. And nitride concentrations were at the 4 levels of $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, $2{\times}$ and $3{\times}$ that was included $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$. Sucrose content ranged at 3 levels of $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and medium pH were at the 3 levels of 4.6, 5.6 and 6.6. In bioreactor culture, medium that are included $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$ together in MS medium was suitable for mass propagation. Medium EC rose rapidly when the nitride concentration was increased. For that reason, plantlet growth was inhibited. Shoots of nitride $1/2{\times}$ concentration was 10.8 ea and $1/2{\times}$ concentration was suitable for shoot propagation. Fresh weight of sucrose $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was 3,101 mg which was heaviest and aerial and ground part were higher than the other concentration. Shoots were increased in proportion to the increasing concentration of sucrose. In the pH condition, from pH 5.6 to 6.8 were appropriate for the optimum growth of aerial and ground part of plant. From the results, in bioreactor culture for mass propagation, MS medium was suitable $1/2{\times}$ concentration that was included $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$ together, and added $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of sucrose, and then adjusted pH between 5.6 and 6.6.