• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2010

The Bukjiri Maaeyeoraejwasang (National Treasure No. 201) consists of two-mica granite in medium size, which was the simbol of power in the region of the Silla period. Magnetic susceptibility of the host rock was measured as 0.41(${\times}10^{-3}$ SI unit), which has the similar range with surrounding outcrop. The Buddha developed parallel discontinuous plane of NE to SW strike and damaged seriously by exfoliation, granular disintegration and brown discoloration as 41.5%, 16.7% and 40.0%, respectively. As a result of the ultrasonic velocity, which was relatively weak values as 1,629m/s (Buddha area) and 1,549m/s (surrounding outcrop), improved about 900m/s compared to last treatment. From the results of the evaluation for slope stability, identified the possibility of toppling failure in the Buddha, and planar and wedge failure in host rock. Therefore, we suggest for the safely conservation of the Buddha, continuance monitoring for understand behavior of discontinuity system of the surface, and necessitate foundation reinforcement method for the rock which has the danger of collapse.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.299-316
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• 2009

The Goryeo roof tiles from the Oegol site in Tangjeong, Asan are classified into three groups in color such as gray, red yellow and gray-yellow groups, respectively. While each group of tiles shows characteristic specific gravity, absorption ratio, LOI and vitrification degree, mineral content and distribution, and chemical composition are generally homogeneous among all groups of roof tiles. Also, all roof tiles and soils from the site show similar geochemical behavior of elements and clay-mineralization degree. This indicates that the soil from the site is probable to be a raw material of the roof tiles. Firing temperature of the roof tiles is estimated as 950 to $1,050^{\circ}C$ for the gray group, 800 to $900^{\circ}C$ for the red yellow group, and 900 to $950^{\circ}C$ for the gray-yellow group. In conclusion, roof tiles from the Oegol site is interpreted to be made of local clay without additive minerals, applying various firing conditions and standardized purifying process of raw clay materials.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2013

This study analyses geochemistrical, microscopic, mineralogical characteristics of coals which have been collected from in and out of the shipwreck No 1 of Mado island during underwater excavation in Taean. The result from mineralogical and geochemical analysis reveals that the specific gravity of the coals is $1.28g/cm^3$. Considering that coals contains 10% mineral of it and the specific gravity of the pure is $1.15g/cm^3$, it is believed that the collected coals would be lignite or biturminous coal. The X-ray diffraction analysis which displays the peak of $2{\theta}$ is 20~25C degree, proves that the collected coals would be categorised as low rank coal. The collected coals is composed of: 93%-94%(93.5%) of vitrinite maceral group, 5%-6%(5.5%) of exinite maceral group, and 1% of inertinite maceral group. In addition, the average of reflection rate is $R_{mean}$: 0.627 showing that it would be either high volatile bituminous C coal or sub-bituminous C coal. Such result confirms that the coal is sub-bituminous C or high volatile bituminous C coal in accordance with the U.S Bureau of Mine(USBM) classification system. The element analysis reveals that the coal is the coking coal which is grouped as the bituminous coal. Comparative analysis between the coals of Mado Shipwreck No 1 and domestic coals shows that the coals of Mado Shipwreck is similar to the bituminous coal used in the area of Janggi in Pohang city.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

The lime-soil mixture on tomb barrier (LSMB) is a type of tomb in Joseon Dynasty, which made with so-called 'Sammul' (three material compound) that mixture of lime, fine sand and yellow ocher. This study divided the tombs of the Gungri Site from Joseon Dynasty with layered wall and integrated wall according to the manufacturing types, and investigated on the basis of analysis to material characteristics and making techniques. Analytical samples were classified with lime-soil mixtures and soils, and interpreted the mixing characteristics of Sammul based on types of tomb barrier. The tomb barrier which is directly effect to control the inner environment was made with high content of lime. But the finishing or bottom layer were made with low content of lime. Overall the LSMB with integrated wall has higher content of lime and physical property than the LSMB with layered wall. The soil which was compounded as a Sammul and collected near the Gungri Site had similar with mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is presumed that the fine sand and yellow ocher that made as a Sammul, were used with soil that was distributed around the site. Meanwhile, large scale limestone quarry is distributed near the site. Especially, Gungri Site has a possibility of material supply through water transport, due to the sea route from Asan bay is connected near the site. Thus, there is the possibility of transportation of lime materials from nearby quarry.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a two-week palliative care education program on Korean Hospice volunteers. Methods: A total of 71 volunteers were assigned to two groups: Group A (intervention, n=34) and Group B (usual care, n=37). Group A received six sessions of palliative care education for two weeks. The level of volunteers' motivation, death anxiety, and communication with the dying were measured at baseline and after the program ended. Results: The palliative care education program had positive influence on the volunteers' motivation (t=2.341, P=0.022), death anxiety (t=-2.166, P=0.034), and communication with the dying (t=-2.808, P=0.006). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a palliative care education program may be an effective way to boost hospice volunteers' motivation, ease their death anxiety and improve their communication with the dying.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2018

최근 플라즈마 의학이 발달하면서 제트, 펜, 니들, 토치 등의 다양한 형태의 플라즈마 발생기가 개발되었으며 내부의 가스라인으로 가스의 종류, 유속, 조성 등을 조절하여 생물학적 효과를 극대화 할 수 있고 안정적으로 플라즈마 방전상태를 유지할 수 있으나 처리 면적이 좁아 실제 생물학적 시스템 (세포, 조직, 그리고 박테리아) 적용에 있어 한계점이 존재한다. 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위해서 유전체격벽방전 (Dielectric barrier discharge, DBD) 방식을 이용한 플렉서블 활성종 발생기를 제작하고 생물학적 시스템에 적용하기 위한 방전 특성 평가를 진행하였으며, 간단한 in vitro 모델인 한천 젤을 이용하여 플라즈마 처리에 따른 전달물질의 침투거리를 확인하였다. 플라즈마 방전 시 생성되는 수산화기 [OH], 과산화수소 [$H_2O_2$], 초산소음이온 [$O_2{^-}$], 오존 [$O_3$], 그리고 산화질소 [$NO_x$]와 같은 산소 및 질소 활성종 (Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, RONS)은 세포벽 또는 세포막의 주요 구성성분인 다당류와 인지질의 과산화 반응을 통해 구조를 변화시키고 생물학적 시스템의 표면의 pH를 낮춘다. 이러한 RONS의 작용은 살균, 소독 뿐만 아니라 약물의 침투를 돕는다. 일반적으로 한천 겔은 농도에 따라 생체 내 뇌 조직과 물리적 특성이 유사하고, 미생물학 기질, 방사선학 연구를 위한 조직모델로 사용되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 3%와 5% 농도의 한천 젤을 사용하여 침투거리를 확인하였다. 한천 젤은 $2.5{\times}2.5{\times}2.5cm^3$의 크기로 준비되었고 대조군으로 염료가 포함된 에멀젼을 0.01 g 도포하고, 실온에서 30분간 보존 후 단면을 잘라 현미경으로 침투거리를 확인하였으며, 실험군으로 플라즈마 전처리 후 에멀젼을 도포한 시표와 에멀젼 도포 후 플라즈마 처리한 시료에 대해 에멀젼 침투거리의 변화를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 플렉서블 활성종 발생기는 인체에 부착하여 사용되기 때문에 화상, 홍반을 유발을 방지하기위해 $40^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 실험을 진행하였고 이때에 플라즈마 방전조건은 $0.065W/cm^2$ 수준의 전력을 소모하는 1.7 kV의 전압, 16 kHz의 주파수로 10분간 처리하였다. 그 결과 3%의 한천 젤의 경우 침투거리 0.779 mm에서 0.826 mm, 0.942 mm까지 침투거리가 증가하였고 5%의 한천 젤의 경우 0.859 mm, 0.949 mm로 증가하였다. 이러한 침투거리 증가는 젤 표면의 다당류를 구성하고 있는 단량체가 플라즈마 처리시 화확적 구조가 끊어져 결론적으로 약물 침투가 증가된 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 2012

Once oil is spilled into marine environment, it experiences various weathering processes among which evaporation is the most dominant process in the initial stage of weathering. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of evaporation on the physicochemical properties of spilled oil using standardized laboratory experiments. Laboratory evaporation process was successfully reproduced using controlled rotary evaporation method. In case of Iranian Heavy crude (IHC), evaporation rate after 48 hours was $29.3{\pm}0.4%$ (n=40, p<0.001). Evaporation was simulated using ADIOS2 weathering model and the result was in agreement with laboratory experiment. Chemical composition changes of petroleum hydrocarbons including alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and biomarkers by evaporation rate were also analyzed. As oil evaporated, low molecular weight alkanes and PAHs decreased, while biomakers showed conservative characteristics. Among biomarkers, $17{\alpha}(H)$, $21{\beta}(H)$-hopane was used for calculation of weathering rates, which matched with evaporative mass losses. Weathering rate calculation using hopane showed that stranded oils of weathering stage I (28.9%) and mesocosm oil weathering experiment till 5 days (26.5%) were mainly affected by evaporation process.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

이 연구는 고등학교 $\ulcorner$기술ㆍ가정$\lrcorner$주거 공간 꾸미기 단원의 교수-학습을 위한 WBI 프로그램을 개발하고 평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 WBI 프로그램을 개발하여 주거 공간 꾸미기 단원의 교과 내용을 학습하고 HOME DESIGN 응용 프로그램을 이용하여 실습함으로써 제 7차 교육과정에서 강조하는 웹 기반 수업과 개별학습을 하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 프로그램은 ADDIE 모형을 중심으로 학습 내용 선정, WBI 프로그램 설계, WBI 프로그램 개발 수업 적용, 평가 과정을 거쳐 개발하였다. 우선 $\ulcorner$기술ㆍ가정$\lrcorner$6개 교과서의 주거 공간 꾸미기 내용을 정리하고 그 내용을 바탕으로 HTML과 PHP, MySQL로 데이터베이스를 구축하여 학습자와 컴퓨터와의 역동적인 상호 작용이 이루어지도록 설계하였다. 또한 온라인의 개별 학습이 가능하도록 주메뉴를 교과서 연구실, 3D 홈 디자인 실습실, 자료 공유실, 종합 평가실의 네 부분으로 구성하여 이론을 약 6시간 동안 학습하고 나서 3시간 동안 실습을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발된 프로그램을 수정 보완하고 프로그램의 질을 높이기 위한 목적으로 청주시 C고등학교 1학년 학생 35명과 가정과 교사 3명을 대상으로 시범 적용한 결과를 바탕으로 프로그램의 작동 여부를 화인하고 오류를 고쳐 프로그램의 문제점을 개선하였다. 본 프로그램을 이용한 회원은 4월 20일부터 6월 1일까지 2개 고등학교 학생 70명, 11개 고등학교 교사 11명이었다. 평가 결과 교사들은 본 프로그램에서 가장 유용하게 이용한 부분으로 ‘3D 홈 디자인 실습실(63.6%)’, ‘교과서 연구실(18.2%)’, ‘게시판. 자료실, 묻고 답하기 등(18.2%)’ 순으로 답한 반면 학생들은 ‘3D 홈 디자인 실습실(47.8%)’, ‘교과서 연구실(34.3%)’, ‘게시판, 자료실, 묻고 답하기 등(17.9%)’의 순으로 답하여 유용한 부분에 대한 순서는 일치하나 비율에 차이가 있어 교사들이 ‘3D 홈 디자인 실습실(63.6%)’을 더 유용하게 이용했음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 프로그램을 사용하는 데 있어 교사는 ‘쉬운 편이다’라는 응답이 63.6%로 학생의 24.2% 응답과 차이가 있었으며, 제시된 학습 내용의 양이 ‘적당하다’에 교사가 63.6%, 학생이 48.4%로 답하여 차이가 있었다. 그리고 교사들은 화면 구성이 ‘잘 구성된 편이다(72.7%)’,‘평상시 수업보다 이해에 도움이 되었다(81.2%)’로 답하여 교사들이 학생들보다 본 프로그램에 더 긍정적인 반응을 보였음을 알 수 있었다. 프로그램에 대한 장점과 개선할 점에 대한 개방형 평가는 교사들의 평가와 유사하여 ‘재미있어서 시간이 부족했다’, ‘잘하지는 않았지만, 직접 디자인해서 재미있었다’, ‘어른이 되면 주거 공간 활용을 잘 할 것 같다’, ‘새로운 경험이라 재미있었다’, ‘흥미롭고 재미있었다’, ‘쉽게 되어 있어 좋다’, ‘가구 배치가 잘 되었고. 흠 디자인한 색상이 잘 맞는다’라는 의견이었다. 그러나 주거 공간 꾸미기 WBI 프로그램을 이용한 수업이 컴퓨터에 대한 소양이 부족한 학생과 집중력이 떨어지는 학생에게는 다소 어려움이 있으므로 학생들의 개인차와 학교 실정에 따른 시간 배당 등을 고려하여 학생의 개별학습과 아울러 학교에서 교사의 설명과 함께 수업 시간에 활용할 것을 제안한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.468-476
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• 2011

A lack of basic academic skills of junior college students has negatively impacted on the quality of vacational education and student dropout prevention, and yet it is true that there still are unclear alternatives or solutions to come up with that concern. As a way to find out the actual levels of basic academic skills of junior college students and educational efforts to improve these skills, the study investigated prior studies and benchmarked strengths and weaknesses of the related educational programs and supporting systems operated by ten junior colleges around the nation. Further, the study addressed emerging issues and challenges related to basic academic skills, based on the case study of D college. Major research methodologies included literature review, surveys for students and faculty members and focus-group interviews of faculty members in order to examine the states of students' basic academic skills in the area of language, in particular. Accordingly, the study proposed several suggestions with which educational practitioners could assist in supporting students to acquire improved basic academic skills(such as the development of a competence-based curriculum, implementation of reliable diagnosis tools and supporting educational systems for evaluating students' basic academic skills and upgrading of diverse teaching and learning resources and methods).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

Storage conditions of selling mungbean sprouts should affect their marketability. The study was done to examine the effect of light quality (blue, green, yellow, red, far-red) on greening period, shape, fresh and dry weights of mungbean (cv. Zhong Lu 1) sprouts for 5 days to get some information on designing their various polyethylene envelops with different colors. Periods taking to green were 2 to 3.5 days in blue, red and far-red lights but longer than 6 days in green and yellow lights. Yellow lights had the longest total length adding hypocotyl and root, and blue light did the widest hypocotyl diameter while all light treatments showed similar lateral roots for the period. Total fresh and dry weights were the highest in red light but the least in far-red light. Their lengths and weights in green and yellow lights showing the longest periods for their greening declined with increased storage periods but showed no difference between them, meaning that the envelops should be designed mainly by green and yellow colors.