• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

pH control-precipitation method is used for recovery of EDTA from waste fluid of archeological waterlogged wood conservation treatment. EDTA has been used for eliminating of blacken effect in archeological waterlogged wood which was buried in the ground for long period of time. The black substance is generated by Fe$^{3+}$ in the soil reacted with tannin in the archeological waterlogged wood. In order to remove the black substance in archeological waterlogged wood, EDTA was used. The black substance is eliminated from wood as Fe-EDTA complex are formed, and EDTA is separated and precipitated from Fe-EDTA complexes at pH 2.68 or less. The result of analysis of the precipitated products and the commercial EDTA by FT-IR and FE-SEM showed that precipitated product by pH adjusted was not a type of Fe-EDTA complex, but pure EDTA. In this study, Fe$^{3+}$ from waste fluid of EDTA can be separated by HCl added. EDTA can be recycled by using the method of precipitation of EDTA in a strong acid.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

This study examined each handiwork method of 4 filigree artifacts from Neungsan-ri temple site in Buyeo, Korea through material characteristic and microstructure analysis. As a result, it was indicated that all of the artifacts have comparatively higher purity than 22.7K and some of filigree artifacts showed that gold is alloyed with silver at a certain ratio. Gold thread that decorates surface showed thickness of 0.2~0.8mm and displayed various forms of section. Gold granule indicated that 2 or 3 granules are adhered together and they are 0.3~0.8mm in diameter. Trace of soldering was observed from gold thread and gold granule joints on surface and it confirmed a possibility of being soldering using gold solder through componential analysis. Also, it reveals a surface decorated with pigments such as cinnabar(HgS) and black.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

조명기술의 발전에 따라 현대의 박물관에서는 조명에 의한 다양한 연출 효과를 얻기 위해 같은 전시공간 내에서도 여러 종류의 광원들을 사용한다. 이는 역으로 각각의 유물들이 다양한 환경의 빛에 노출되어 전시되고 있다는 것을 말해준다. 유물의 전시를 위한 최적의 조명환경 조건과 보존을 위한 최적의 조명환경 조건이 서로 다른 측면이 있다. 본 연구에서는 신 국립중앙박물관의 전시실 및 진열장에 조사되는 광복사량, 복사분포 등을 측정하였으며, 측정 데이터를 바탕으로 국립중앙박물관의 조명환경을 비교, 분석하여 보았다.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.59
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• pp.3-34
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• 2002

The researches on the prehistoric sites in Jeonnam Province started in 1970s. During 1980s and 1990s, excavations increased and their results also became larger than before. For example, the paleolithic sites were excavated along the Yeongsan River basin

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2013

Excavated iron objects are preserved in stable condition through processes of conservation treatment because they are found in the form of various corrosion products. However, the conservation treatment leads to re-corrosion over time and accordingly, iron objects can be severely damaged, and therefore fundamental measures need to be prepared to control it. In this study, the types and characteristics of corrosion products were scientifically analyzed according to the re-corrosion of iron artifacts. In addition, the stability of the corrosion products was evaluated by exposing the standard samples under the re-corrosion environment. Re-corrosion proceeded with weeping in reddish brown on the cracks of iron artifacts. Weeping was detected akagan$\acute{e}$ite had a low hydrogen ion concentration and high chloride ion. The selection of standard sample goethite, lepidocrocite, hematite, and magnetite, were evaluated corrosive by weeping. After the samples were immersed in HCl(pH 1), $H_2SO_4$(pH 1), $H_2O$(pH 6) solution, they had been maintained for 180 days in relative humidity of 20%, 50%, 80% to investiage the changes of chemical components. As a result of analysis, the changes of chemical components were not showed in goethite, lepidocrocite, and hematite. But magnetite was changed to lepidocrocite in solution including chloride ion($Cl^-$) and to goethite and lepidocrocite solution including sulfuric acid($SO{_4}^{2-}$). Results of the study, in the case of magnetite known as s stable corrosion compound, it was identified the corrosion of magnetite occurs by corrosive ions, which means weeping generated in the iron artifacts can corrode magnetite as well as base metal.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 1988

The distribution of respiratory chain complexes in beef heart and human muscle mitochondria has been explored by immunoeledron microscopy with antibodies made against beef heart mltochondriai proteins in conjundion with protein A cofloidai gold (l2nm particles). The antibodies used were made against NADH-conezyme Q reductase(complex I), ubiquinol-cytochrome-c-oxldoreductase (complex III) and cytochrome-c-oxidase(complex IV). Labeling of bed heart tissue with any of these antihodies gave gold particles randomly distributed along the mitochondrial inner membrane. The labeling of muscle tIssue mitochondria from a patient with a mitochondrial myopathy localized by biochemical analysis to complex III was quantitated and compared with the labeling of human control muscle tissue mitochondria. Four kinds of morphological changes in the mitochondrial fine strudure in the myopathy patient tissue have been found; paracrystalline inclusions consistIng of densely packed multi- lamellar structures, globular crystalline inclusions with high electron density, multilamellar strudure inclusion body(compadly and irregularly arranged concentric whirl shaped cristae)and golbular cyrstalilne inclusions located in the center of the whirl shaped cristae. Compex I and cytochrome-c-oxldase antihodies reacted to the same level in the mitochondria containing the crystalline inclusions and control mitochondria. Antibodies to complex III reacted very poorly to the mitochondria containing the crystalline Inclusions but strongly to control mitchondria. The globular crystalline inclusions in the mitochondria are not reacted antibodies to respiratory chain complexes.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.70
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• pp.109-132
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• 2007

Taking the Yosu Peninsula where prestige goods were prevalent and more dolmen were excavated and surveyed than other regions as object of the research, this dissertation investigated the hierarchy of dolmen society. The dolmen groups were excavated and surveyed at some 20 positions in Yosu Peninsula Analyzing the number, weight of upper stone, location, the buried relics of dolmen, the hierarchy for each dolmen group can be summarized as follows. It seems that the large group with a lot of dolmen and big upper stone which is located on the plane with stream or on the lower part of hill might be the central group with abundant buried relics. However, the size of individual upper stone does not coincide with buried relics sometimes. Thus, it is required to review the entirety of dolmen group rather than individual upper stone in the relation between the scale of upper stone and buried relics. Then the scale of tomb is proportionate to the prestige goods. Meanwhile, the discrepancy between dolmens can be verified by the difference among upper stone, tomb, burial accessories, etc in the unit dolmen group. Since dolmen is the tomb of some inhabitants in the Bronze Age, the existence of stone coffin tomb with buried bronze sword, jade or stone sword compared to the stone coffin with no relics means that there was powerful representative of one generation even in one kindred group on the basis of wealth or authority. It can be concluded that the upper stone or large tomb or prestige goods among the persons buried in dolmen were fixed as high class, those with relatively small stone coffin with no or scanty burial accessories were fixed as medium class and multitudinous class who were not buried in dolmen were fixed as low class. Therefore, the dolmen society in Yosu Peninsula shows that there was division of class in the unit dolmen group as well as hierarchy in the group.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.579-589
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• 2021

Five waterlogged wood artefacts were excavated from Suyeong-ri site in Hwaseong, South Korea. The aim of the present study was to identify the species and estimate the date of manufacture and the manufacturing method of these artefacts. The study also aimed to conserve the original shapes of waterlogged wood artefacts by using the vacuum freeze drying method. The two large waterlogged woods were identified as Ulmus spp. and Morus spp., whereas one of the three small waterlogged woods was identified as Abies spp. and the other two as hard pine. Radiocarbon dating using wiggle match dated the manufacturing of these wooden artefacts between BCE 8520-8490 or BCE 8470-8290 in the Neolithic age, and a similar period was also confirmed for seed excavated from a place close to the location where the waterlogged wood artefacts were excavated. The surface of waterlogged wood artefacts had several traces of manufacturing processes - traces of tearing and chopping - were observed. Based on these observations, it was confirmed that stone adz was used to make these wooden artefacts. Thereafter, the waterlogged wood samples were conserved by immersing them into PEG#4,000 of concentration in water from 10% to 40% at room temperature(15~25℃) and subjecting them to vacuum freeze drying. However, the internal moisture was not completely removed in some thick parts of waterlogged woods by applying the general schedule such as raising the shelf temperature as the surface temperature rises. Therefore, additional study is required using the schedule-method for vacuum freeze drying of large waterlogged wood.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.60-62
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• 2003

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.36-47
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• 2005