• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.1 s.88
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1999

For the practical using of liquid spawn we carried out selection test of nutrient sources, cultural methods and cultural apparatus for liquid spawn production of oyster mushroom(ASTI 2001, ASTI 2018, ASTI 2072, ASTI 2016, ASTI 2070, ASTI 2180, ASTI 2183, ASTI 2042). The optimal temperature and pH range for mycelial growth of Pleurotus species were $25^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ and 5.5 to 6.5, respectively. The effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources and mineral salts on the mycelial growth was studied using petridish culture. Generally, the disaccharides and polysaccharides showed good effect for mycelial growth of Pleurotus species, and the polysaccharides were superior to the other classes of carbon sources for mycelial growth. For the mycelial growth of the 8 oyster mushroom stains, soybean flour was superior to the other kinds of nitrogen sources. On the other hand, addition of mineral salts did not affect, and even poor under certain mineral salts, the mycelial growth of the 8 oyster mushroom stains. The brown sugar selected out the carbon source of the agricultural medium. Also the soybean flour selected out the nitrogen source of agricultural medium. In the medium selection, we selected out agricultural optimum medium composed of brown sugar 3%, soybean flour 0.3%, potassium phosphate 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%. Under the 250 ml erlenmeyer culture, the effects of such factors as the inoculum rate, the working volume, cultural method and flask shapes on the mycelial growth were examined. The optimal inoculum rate and working volume on the mycelial growth of oyster mushroom was 2 mycelial disk (diameter 6 mm) and 100 ml, respectively. The shake flask culture was enhanced the mycelial growth than at the erlenmeyer flask. Pulp form growth of mycelium in the erlenmeyer flask culture was obtained in the culture with glass rod of length 50 mm, diameter 10 mm.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2009

Present studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of medium strength(MS and Hyponex), carbon sources and their concentrations, agar concentrations, and inoculation amounts on prothallus propagation of Pterdium aquilinum var. latiusculum(Desv.) Underw. ex Hell in vitro. The optimum MS medium strength for prothallus propagation was 2MS concentration. Phosphate source was most effective for prothallus growth of P. aquilinum var. latisculum. The addition of 1% sucrose or glucose to MS medium promoted prothallus multiplication. Growth of prothallus was not affected by agar concentration. Propagation of homogenized prothallus was vigorous even in liquid medium. Chopped gametophytes(100 and 200 mg) were inoculated on 250 ml ${\Delta}$flask with 100 mL of 2MS concentration medium and suspension culture was done at 100 rpm for 22 days. After 20 days, prothallus multiplication slowed down, so 100 mg of chopped prothalli is recommended for initial inoculation, since initial amount of inoculum did not affect subsequent prothallus multiplication. Consequently after 20 days of suspension culture, prothallus should be subcultured or transplanted outside of growing vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2018

In this study, the internal structural design, dynamic characteristics and load analyses of the small scaled rotor blade required for LCH(Light Civil Helicopter) main rotor wind tunnel test were carried out. The test is performed to evaluate the aerodynamic performance and noise characteristics of the LCH main rotor system. Therefore, the Mach-scale technique was appled to design the small scaled blade to simulate the equivalent aerodynamic characteristics as the full scale rotor system. It is necessary to increase the rotor speed to maintain the same blade tip speed as the full scale blade. In addition, the blade weight, section stiffness, and natural frequency were scaled according to the Mach-type scaling factor(${\lambda}$). For the design of skin, spar, torsion box, which are the main components of the blade, carbon and glass fiber composite materials were adopted, and composite materials are prepreg types that can be supplied domestically. The KSec2D program was used to evaluate the section stiffness of the blade. Also, structural loads and dynamic characteristics of the Mach scale blade were investigated through the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis program CAMRADII.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.179-183
• /
• 2016

Button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) are cultivated on wheat straw or rice straw based compost. In this study different compost formular, sawdust as carbon source and chicken manure as nitrogen source were used for button mushroom cultivation. Two steps of sufficient composting process was required to be successful in the cultivation. 1) the substrates are needed to be mixed periodically under the aerobic condition in the phase I process. 2) the temperature is need to be maintained between 55 and 65? for more than three days in the phase II process. Results showed that button mushroom was possible to grow normally with sawdust based compost. However the mushroom yield was less than that of the conventional compost formular(rice straw or wheat straw). The new compost formular developed from this study may be useful but further research may need to improve button mushroom cultivation more efficiently.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.358-363
• /
• 2014

We was investigated parasporal inclusion proteins change to use industrial medium of new strain Bacillus thuringiensis CAB 565, CAB 566. To confirm medium's oxygen efficient consist of glucose and yeast extract, we was conducted oxygen transfer coefficients (KLa) of medium's concentration and impeller in 20 l-Jar fermentor. When to increase air flow rate and medium concentration, KLa rate is rise. Also it is effective on agitation rate 200 rpm, but KLa rate is decrease when to rise agitation rate. To hold dissolved oxygen rate (upper 50%), Air flow rate is steadily increase on culture to use microsparger. When 16 hour of culture stage, B.t. CAB 565 and B.t. CAB 566 harvested respectively $2.3{\times}10^{10}$, $1.8{\times}10^{10}$ viable cell/ml. When 54 hour, B.t. CAB565, 566 harvested respectively $1.9{\times}10^{10}$, $1.4{\times}10^{10}spore/ml$. To resulting carbon's concentration, It is the most effective that glucose concentration is contained 5% in medium.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 1977

Arylsulfatase catalyzes the release of SO$\sub$4//sup2/- from sulfate esters of simple phenols. Arylsolfatase occurs widely in animal tissues and in microorganisms including soil bacteria. Its widespread distribution suggests that it has a rather fundamental function and environmental meaning. It has been shown previously that arylsulfatase of Klebsiella was purified and characterized. A condition of arylsulfatase synthesis was tested with several strains of Serratia. Serratia marcescens could not utilize some sugars, such as xylose, rhamnose, glucosamine and arabinose hut glucose and mannitol as a sole carbon source. However, arylsulfatase synthesis was repressed by glucose but not by mannitol. The enzyme synthesis was repressed ob inorganic sulfate and methionine, and this repression was relieved by addition of tyramine. Arylsulfatase of S. marcescen was purified by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and followed by chromatographies on DEAE-Cellulose CM-Cellulose, and DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The molecular weight of arylsulfatase was determined to be 46,000 by SDS-Gel electrophoresis and 49,000 by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme showed some different properties with that of K. aerogenes. The activity was maximum at pH 6.8. The Km and Vmax values for p-nitrophenyl sulfate were 2.5${\times}$10$\^$－4/ M and 20 nmoles/min/mg protein, respectively. The enzyme showed high activities toward phenyl sulfate, ο-and p-nitro phenyl sulfates, and p-nitrocatechol sulfate. The inhibition of enzyme was strongly affected by hydroxylamine, inorganic fluoride, sulfide and phosphate, but by inorganic sulfate. Like Klebsiella arylsulfatase, tyramine, octopamine, and dopamine gave signifcant inhibitory effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.11
• /
• pp.1025-1032
• /
• 2009

This study investigated a possibility to develop an adsorption process for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the solvent emitted during dry cleaning. Pitch activated carbon fiber (ACF) was chosen as an adsorbent of VOCs, and an electric swing adsorption process was utilized for the reproduction of the adsorbent after the completion of VOCs adsorption. Effects of ACF types and several solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and toluene were examined on breakthrough curves and amounts of adsorbed VOCs. ACF was pretreated under various conditions in order to enhance the amounts of the adsorbed VOCs. Temperatures and voltages were measured for the reproduction of the ACF after full adsorption. ACF having micropores exhibited high adsorption of TCE, and high surface area of ACF could increase the adsorption property of toluene. In general, ACF could adsorb 41~54% TCE of the adsorbent weight. The increase of inlet VOCs concentration significantly decreased the breakthrough time and slightly lowered the amounts of adsorbed VOCs. Thus, ACF could effectively adsorb VOCs in low concentration in the feed stream. ACF pretreated by heat under vacuum showed excellent toluene adsorption with controlling oxygen functional groups on the ACF surface, which revealed that vacant carbon site could be the adsorption point of toluene. Most adsorbed toluene was desorbed at $150^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.418-423
• /
• 2009

MWCNT(multi-wall carbon nanotube)-doped PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)), used as a HIL(hole injection layer) material in OLEDs(organic light emitting diodes), was spin-coated on to the ITO glass to form PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT nano composite thin film. Morphology and transparency characteristics of nano composite thin films with respect to the loading percent of MWCNT have been investigated using FT-IR, UV-Vis and SEM. Furthermore, ITO/PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT/NPD/$Alq_3$/Al devices were fabricated, and then J-V and L-V characteristics were investigated. Functional group-incorporated MWCNT was prepared by acid treatment and showed good dispersion property in PEDOT:PSS solution. PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT thin films possessed good transparency property. For multi-layered devices, it was shown that as the loading percent of MWCNT increased, the current density increased but the luminance dramatically decreased. It might be conclusively suggested that the enhanced charge mobility by MWCNT could increase the current density but the hole trapping property of MWCNT could dramatically decrease the hole mobility in the current devices.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.109-122
• /
• 2003

In order to release the pressure fluctuations and micro-pressure wave induced by the entering of train into the small cross sectional tunnel, it has been reported that the construction of air shaft has more advantages with respect to economy and constructability than the enlargement of cross section of existing tunnel. The field monitorings and analytical studies were conducted simultaneously in this study to analyze the mechanical behavior of existing railway tunnel, new cross tunnel and new shaft by the construction of new shaft nearby. The results showed that the minimum distance from existing tunnel to new shaft which secures the stability of existing tunnel was found to be half diameter of existing tunnel. On the three dimensional mechanical behavior of existing tunnel by the construction of new shaft, the results from the analytical study and field monitoring had a similar trend. The analytical study and field monitoring results, however, produced somewhat different results on the mechanical behavior of new shaft itself. These conclusions induce that the analytical method which has been applied on the analyses of horizontal tunnel could not be applied in the same way on the analysis of vertical shaft.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.689-698
• /
• 1991

Activated oxidation catalysts are generated by the treatment of pentadentate Schiff base cobalt(Ⅱ) complexes with the oxygen saturated DMF solution. Oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by homogeneous oxidation catalysts of superoxo type pentadentate schiff base cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes yields 2,6-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone(BQ) as a major product. And $O_2$/Co mole ratio of homogeneous oxidative catalysts such as [Co(Ⅲ)(sal-DET)]$O_2$ and [Co(Ⅲ)(sal-DPT)]$O_2$by PVT method of the oxygen absorption in DMSO and pyridine solution was 1:1, 1:1.52 in DMF solution and ${\mu}$-peroxo type cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes formed at solid state. The redox reaction processes of superoxo type cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes as homogeneous oxidation catalysts were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and DPP method at a glassy carbon electrode. As a result of electrochemical measurements the reduction processes of oxygen adducted superoxo type cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes occurred to four steps including prewave of $O_2$-in 0.1M TEAP-DMSO and 0.1 M TEAP-Pyridine as supporting electrolyte solution.