• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

After oil outlow accident of Hebei spirit in December 7, 2007, the motality of manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum in the west coast of South Korea, was significantly increased from 9.2% in April, 2007 to 22.4% in April 2008. Although the mortality was about 10% in the tidal flat of Geunso Bay and Cheonsu Bay, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, the values was significantly high about 30% in water coast of Taean, Boryeong and Seosan in where the spilled oil was getting into fishery zone. However, the mortality in water coast of Taean, Boryeong and Seosan was decreased from 22.4% in 2008 to 6.0% in 2009. Also, we found that the mortality in contaminated and non-contaminated water zones was both slightly increased from 6.0 in 2009 to 8.6% in 2010, Therefore, these results are indicating that the significant high mortality observed in water coast of Taean, Boryeong and Seosan at April, 2008 was due to the crude oil accident outflow from tanks of Hebei spirit. Although the mortality of manila clam was significantly decreased in middle west coast of South Korea after the accident of Hebei spirit in December, 2007, the annual production of manila clam in South Korea was sustainedly from 27,459 ton in 2007, 36,302 ton in 2008, 40,392 ton in 2009, to 36,248 ton in 2010. In the production of manila clam by regional groups, the amount in sea coast of Chungnam, where was damaged by crude oil, was significantly decreased from 10,598 ton in 2007 to 5,048 ton in 2008, but then was significantly increased to 7,065 ton in 2009, and to 12,921 ton in 2010. However, in sea coast of Jeonnam that was not damaged by crude oil, the amount was significantly increased from 1,252 ton in 2007 to 12,248 ton in 2008, but then was significantly decreased to 9,566 ton in 2009, and to 2,770 ton in 2010. Therefore the results are suggesting that a increasing of the total annual production of manila clam in South Korea in 2008 when was 1 year after the oil accident of Hebei spirit was due to increasing of clam production in a coast of Jeonnam in where was not damaged by crude oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.282-287
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• 2018

Due to limitations in responding to oil spill incidents that are urgent or that cover a wide area with only oil spill response vessels, Korea Coast Guard (KCG) patrol vessels are utilized. In this study, we have developed an oil sweep system suitable for small patrol vessels. The equipment consists of three components - fixed support, poles, and slide fixers - and can be fastened with a toggle pin to a fall prevention bar on small patrol vessels without welding or additional efforts for installation. The respective weights of each component - fixed support, poles (2 pcs), and slide fixers (4 pcs) - are approximately 9.2 kg, 6.5 kg, and 3.5 kg. The 3 m-pole, which is rotatable 180 degrees horizontally, is folded deckward when replacing oil absorbents. As the development of this equipment has improved the method of deploying and retrieving oil absorbents on KCG small patrol vessels, we expect that more efficient oil spill cleanup will be possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2003

Recently more than 450 incidents of oil spill a year have occurred in nearshore of Korea, which caused unmeasurelable losses in fisheries and severe damage in marine ecosystem. Two approaches remain paramount in any response to marine oil spill : the enhancement of natural dispersion of the oil by using dispersants, and mechanical recovery using booms and skimmers. A technique currently receiving fresh attention is the enhancement of the natural bioremediation of oil through the application of micro-organisms and/or nutrient. Oil, like many natural substances, will biodegrade over a period of time into simple compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and biomass. Bioremediation is the term used to describe a range of processes which can be used to accelerate natural biodegradation. More specifically biostimulation is the application of nutrients, and bioaugremetation or seeding is the addition of microbes specially selected to degrade oil. Bioremediation is an economically attractive method for the clean-up of oil-contaminated area. Bioremediation has been demonstrated to be an effective oil spill countermeasure for use in cobble, sand beach, salt marsh, and mud flat environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

To find characteristics and areas of greater risk of oil spill at the coastal waters in Korea, some of risk factors were analyzed with historical data of oil spill and marine traffic. As a result, it is characterized that frequency of oil spill is increasing year by year and greatest percentage of spill source is fishing boat. It is proposed that the ports of Ulsan, Yeosu, Incheon and Pusan will be designated as primary area of risk as they have a higher risk of oil spills and its response authority is required to maintain appropriate regional response capability for prompt and effective response to a future spill incident. In addition, the regional response equipments at Ulsan are examined under a assumption of a medium size spill and it is found that the use of chemical dispersant can be an alternative when mechanical containment and recovery is not feasible in this area, and the existing response equipments may be appropriate to address that size of spill. However, the response authority is required to maintain more numbers of stronger boom for unsheltered waters and more quantity of concentrate dispersant to disperse all spilled oils on the water, furthermore the response authority should be prepared for a possible future catastrophic spill with sufficient equipments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the time-elapse change of oil-polluted Taean coastal area with by Herbei Spirit oil spill incident. From Mandae of Iwonmeyon to Padori beach of Sowonmeyon, field monitering was conducted at eleven surveying points surveying. The specific conclusions from this study are as follows. The residual oil was not founded at ten surveying points, but the crude oil remained under the ground at the Groompo beach one year passed since the oil spill. Because the efforts of volunteers over millionaires and inhabitants for cleaning and reciprocating actions of waves, the oil-polluted coastal area by Herbei Spirit oil spill incident. It is guessed that a part of stranded oil spilled from the incident was degraded by physical, chemical, and biological weathering and the residue was dispersed in tidal and subtidal zone with oil-minerals aggregates(OMA).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2011

There is no system to obtain the basic data and proceed data and user input interface is complex, thus there are some limitation to utilize the oil spill prediction model. It is difficult to build the scientific response strategy in order to respond oil spill accident rapidly because it is impossible to operate the oil spill prediction model any time. In this study, the optimum operational system for oil spil prediction model has been developed considering the present system. External real time data has been linked because of impossibility of building all basic data and minimum database has been build in this study. Through this data system, real time oil spill prediction model can be utilized. And the user interface has been designed to reduce the error of the interface between user and model and the output interface has been proposed to analyze the result of modeling at multidimensional aspect. While the system for oil spill prediction model as the result of this study has some uncertainties because of depending on external data, the thing that we can predict oil spill using operate the model rapidly as soon as the accident occurred can be meaning in the response field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.686-693
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• 2018

After the Sewol ferry-sinking incident in 2014, the public interest in safety at sea increased. In order to save and secure the initial response time required for sea rescues, not only the rescue organization, but also the victim needs to save and maintain golden time to secure the necessary time for rescue personnel. The purpose of this study was to investigate ways to maintain the psychological stability of victims during their rescue in the case of a mass rescue operation by using the oil boom installed on board oil spill response vessels. Through buoyancy tests and the development of oil booms in sea areas, it confirmed the buoyancy of two adults weighing 70 kg each per meter of oil boom could be maintained when a lifeline was installed on the side of the oil boom, and that it was possible to keep afloat four persons weighing 70 kg each on both sides of the oil boom. It also confirmed the buoyancy for three adults weighting 70 kg each per eight meters was maintained when riding on the top of the oil boom. As a method of rescue, it was found that the fastest and most accurate way to rescue victims was a rescue boat held at the rear end of the oil boom to lead to victims. In conclusion, the rescue team could utilize the oil boom installed on board the oil spill response vessel located near the marine accident site to save and secure the initial response time required for the rescue team to arrive. The victims in distress holding onto the lifeline or riding on the top of oil boom kept afloat at sea could maintain their psychological stability until the mass rescue operation initiated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2021

When oil tankers, large passenger ships and cargo ships sink under the sea owing to various maritime accidents, the residual cargo oil or fuel oil in the such vessels could pose direct risk to factor for the marine environment and it require safe and rapid removal. Although domestic and foreign salvage companies are adopting various recovery methods and technologies with customizations according to each site during recovery operations studies on reasonable assessment modules for the operation process are relatively insufficient. In this study, the data from trapped-oil recovery operations performed at different site conditions were collected and analyzed in order to designed an operation assessment module, define the operational process steps in terms of preparation, implementation and completion, and derive key factors for each detailed process. Subsequently, the module was designed in such a way as to construct performance indicators to assess these key factors. In order to exclude subjective opinions from the assessment as much as possible, the assessment each item was constructed with indicators based on data that could be evaluated quantitatively and its usefulness was verified by applying the module to the trapped-oil recovery operation cases. We expect this the method and the technology assessment module for the trapped-oil recovery operation on sunken vessels will help to verify the adequacy of the trapped-oil recovery such operation before or after. Furthermore, it is expected that the continuous accumulation of assessment data and feedback from past or future operation cases will contribute toward enhancing the overall safety, efficiency and field applicability of trapped-oil recovery operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Once oil has spilled, oil spill responders use a variety of countermeasures to reduce the adverse effects of spilled oil on the environment. Mechanical methods of containment and recovery are preferred as the first response when the use of other methods fail or are ineffective. In these cases, the application of oil dispersants shall be use only as a last resort. While effectiveness of dispersants in removing oil form the sea surface is proven, the use of dispersants is controlled in almost all countries due to the toxicity of their active agents and the dispersed oil on the marine environment. However, according to reports, after dispersant application, no significant toxicity to fish or shrimp was observed in the field-collected samples. Moreover, the results also indicate that dispersant-oil mixtures are generally no more toxic to the aquatic test species than oil alone. During the Deepwater Horizon Incident, dispersants were applied to floating oil and injected into the oil plume at depth. These decisions were carefully considered by state and federal agencies, as well as BP, to prevent as much oil as possible from reaching sensitive shoreline habitats. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for dispersant use assumed that dispersants appear to prevent long-term contamination resulting absence of oil in the substrate and will benefit marine wildlife by decreasing the risk of significant contamination to feathers or fur. Further study to use dispersants with scientific baseline is needed for our maritime environment which consistently threaten huge oil spill incidents occurrence.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.310-321
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• 2014

Change in fish species composition after the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007 off Taean were determined by analysis of samples collected in Mailpo beach, 10 km south from the oil spill site and polluted by the crude oil. Fish samples were collected by a beach seine in the shallow water at Malipo beach during the low tide of the new moon from February 2008 to December 2009. Five seine hauls were made during the day and the night in each sampling time. Monthly day and night samples did not show the significant differences in species composition. A total of 21 species, 1,032 individuals and 6,544 g of fish were collected in 2008, and 31 species, 4,206 individuals and 35,659 g of fish in 2009. The species collected were composed of the small-sized fish or juveniles. Abundant fishes were the resident species in coastal water, and the migrants were low in abundance. Among the fish occurred, Chelon haematochelius, Sebastes schlegelii, Takifugu niphobles and Pleuronectes yokohamae were predominated in abundance of both years. Monthly fish abundance and species diversity in 2008 were significantly lower than those in 2009. A few number of resident fish were collected from February to June 2008 showing the lowest in May 2008, and fish abundance increased from July 2008. The number of species and abundance of fish in 2009 were increased in spring as the temperature raised, showed a peak in summer and decreased in autumn. This monthly variation in fish species composition and abundance was similar to those in the non-polluted water in other temperate waters. Low fish abundance during several months after oil spill was considered to be related to the residual oil in the water and habitat disturbance due to oil cleaning activity in the beach. Monthly fish species compositions after September 2008 were similar to those of 2009 suggested that the impact on the shallow water fish by the oil residuals was not too significant at least to the fish species composition after September 2008.