• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2010

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between expression of VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, and p53 and pathologic stage. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 101 patients who underwent surgery of thyroid nodules from 2000 to 2007. Expression of VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, and p53 were examinated immunohistochemically. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in this study included 54 cases of more than 45 years old. Each expression of VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, and p53 was analysed. Only expression loss of E-cadherin was associated with the stage. High HIF-1 expression was significantly associated with VEGF immunoreactivity (p<0.05). Expression loss of E-cadherin was independent unfavorable factors. It is suggested that high HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression may be associated with intratumoral neovascularization possibly through HIF-VEGF pathway.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2013

The Korean Thyroid Association recommends fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for nodules more than 0.5 cm in diameter. But nodules, smaller than 0.5 cm have been found in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid (PTC) at the health promotion center at SMC. We wanted to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings according to size of nodule in proven PTCs by FNAB, especially less than 0.5 cm. All nodules were classified into three groups by their longest diameter : less than 0.5 cm, more than 0.5 cm but less than 1 cm, and more than 1 cm. Sonographic findings suggesting malignancy were analyzed according to their size groups. Of 288 malignant nodules, 21.5 % (62/288) were less than 0.5 cm, 54.9 % (158/288) were more than 0.5 cm but less than 1 cm, 23.6 % (68/288) exceeded 1 cm. A taller-than-wide shape was observed in 90.3 % (56/62) of nodules less than 0.5 cm, and 48.5 % (33/68) of nodules exceeding 1 cm (p<0.001). There were no well-defined smooth nodules among nodules less than 0.5 cm, and spiculated or irregular margin nodules increased as the size increased (p=0.024). Nodules of size less than 0.5 cm did not showed hyper or isoechogenicity. Hypoechogenicity was greater than the marked hypoechogenicity in each group (p=0.034). Micro- or macro-calcifications were not founded in 77.4 % (48/62) of the nodule group sized less than 0.5 cm. From the small size of the group, micro- or macrocalcifications were observed 21.0 % (13/62), 48.1 % (76/158), 64.7 % (44/68), so the number of nodules containing micro- or macro-calcification increased as size increased (p<0.001). PTCs less than 0.5 cm in size on ultrasonography had taller than-wide shape, spiculated or irregular and ill-defined margins, and exhibited hypo and markedly hypoechogenicity, but microor macro-calcifications were not common. These ultrasonographic features of nodules less than 0.5 cm can be useful in reporting and guiding FNABs or follow-up exams.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1993

The nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid is a common thyriod disease. Nodular hyperplasia does rarely progress to thyroid cancer. The differentiation of a nodular hyperplasia from a neoplasm may be simple or difficult, both clinically and anatomically. The papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is the most common type of thyroid malignancies. There were few studies about cytogenetic observation in thyroid cancer. But only one case of banding observation in nodular hyperplasia have been reported. In order to compare the chromosomal changes in the thyroid cancer and the noncancerous thyroid disease, we performed cytogenetic analysis in two papillary carcinoma and two nodular hyperplasia after cell culture. The chromosomal pattern of the nodular hyperplasia found was very heterogenous but no clonal abnormaly in both cases was observed. Case I : A modal chromosomal number was in 42-46 range. Chromosome 8, 19, 21. 22 were commonly lost. 9 structural anomalities among 51 analysed cells were observed but they were not clonal. Case II: A modal chromosomal number was 43. Chromosome 17 and 19 were commonly lossed. Common cytogenetic characters of this two nodular hyperplasia are hypodiploidity and very heterogenous chromosomal pattern. The result about the papillary carcinoma are as follow. In one case some numerical and structural chromosomal changes were observed. But they were not clonal abnormality. In another case the chromosomal pattern found was very heterogenous with a clonal abnormality of del(11)(q23). The modal number was 46. The del(11)(q23) a chromosomal change in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid have previously been reported(Eva Olah et al. 1989). We suggest that 11q deletion may be important role to pathogenesis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. According to this results, we could not find out specific differences about chromosomal changes and any relationship between the papillary carcinoma and the nodular hyperplasia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2023

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy that originates from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Previous studies have frequently discussed the association among HT, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma. However, there have been few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of concomitant HT and MTC. In the present case, a heterogeneous hypoechoic background parenchymal echogenicity, with intraglandular echogenic strands, and increased vascularity were observed. A concurrent, ill-defined, parallel-oriented, heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with central microcalcifications was located at the left thyroid gland, consistent with reported US findings of medullary thyroid carcinoma except for an ill-defined margin in our case.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

Purpose: Metastatic thyroid cancers with I-131 uptake have been known to show no increase of FDG uptake whereas those without I-131 uptake tend to demonstrate increased uptake on PET. In this study, we evaluated the degree of FDG uptake in primary thyroid cancers of papillary histology before surgery. Material & Methods: Forty FDG PET studies were performed on the patients who had papillary cancer proven by fine needle aspiration. The degree of FDG uptake was visually categorized as positive or negative (positive if the tumor showed discernible FDG; negative if the tumor didn't) and the peak standard uptake value (peak SUV) of the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were compared with the size of PTC. Results: The mean size of 26 PTC with positive FDG uptake was $1.9{\pm}1.4\;cm(0.5{\sim}5\;cm)$. In 13 PTC with negative FDG uptake, the mean size of those was $0.5{\pm}0.2\;cm\;(0.2{\sim}0.9\;cm)$. All PTC larger than 1cm ($2.5{\pm}1.4\;cm,\;1{\sim}5\;cm$) have positive FDG uptake (peak $SUV=6.4{\pm}5.7,\;1.7{\sim}22.7$). Among the micropapillary thyroid cancer (microPTC; PTC smaller than 1cm), 8 microPTC show positive FDG uptake(peak $SUV=2.9{\pm}1.3,\;1.7{\sim}5.5$), while 13 microPTC show negative finding(peak $SUV=1.3{\pm}0.2,\;1.1{\sim}1.7$). The size of microPTC with positive FDG uptake is significantly larger than that of microPTC with negative FDG uptake ($0.7{\pm}0.1\;cm$ vs $0.4{\pm}0.2\;cm$, p=0.01). Conclusion: All PTCs larger than 1cm show positive FDG uptake in our study. In other words, thyroid lesions larger than 1cm with negative FDG uptake are unlikely to be PTC. So far, only poorly differentiated thyroid cancers are known to show increased FDG uptake. Our results seem to be contradictory to what is known in the literature. Further study is needed to understand better the significance of increased FDG uptake in PTC in relation to expression of NIS and GLUT.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.22.1-22.1
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• 1999

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.5.1-5.1
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• 1979

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2005

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.214-214
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2014

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is known as its relatively high cure rate after surgical treatment. But invasion of the trachea by thyroid carcinoma is poor prognostic factor and the best management is en bloc surgical resection of the tumor invading the trachea. A 55-year-old man was diagnosed as papillary thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion. We treated the patient by total thyroidectomy with window resection of invading trachea followed by immediate reconstruction with sternohyoid muscle flap and tracheostomy. At 48 days after surgery, tracheostoma was closed and the patient had no functional complication by the surgical process. Until 10 months after surgery, there was no sign of recurrence and the patient led social life without any discomfort. We present this case with a review of the related literatures.