• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.552-558
• /
• 1995

The tetranuclear complexes, $X_2[M_{O4}O_12{R'C(NH_2)NO}_2](X= n-Bu_4N^+$, $R'=(CH_3)_2CH$, $CH_3CH_2CH_2$, $CH_3SCH_2$; $X=(CH_3)_2CHC(=NH_2)NH_2^+$, $R'=(CH_3)_2CH$; $X = CH_3CH_2CH_2C(=NH_2)NH_2^+$, $R'=CH_3_CH_2CH_2$; $X=CH_3SCH_2C(=NH_2)NH_2^+$, $R'=CH_3SCH_2)$ have been synthesized by the reactions of monomeric and polynuclear complexes with isobutyl-, butyl- and thiomethylacetamidoxime. The prepared complexes were identified by elemental analysis, infrared, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy. The structure of complex ${(CH_3)_2CHC(NH_2)_2}_2[M_{O4}O_{12}{(CH_3)_2CHC(NH_2)NO}_2]$ was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Crystal data are follows: Monoclinic, $P2_{1/c}$, $a=10.168(3){\AA}$, $b=11.768(1){\AA}$, $c=13.557(1){\AA}$, ${\beta}=102.08(1)^{\circ}$, $V=1586.2(5){\AA}^3$, Z=2, final R=0.026 for 2951($F_0>3s(F_0)$). This complex is composed of a planar cyclic $[Mo_4({\mu}-O)_4]$ and two ${\mu}_4$-amidoximate.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2013

Conventional CT and MRI scans produce cross-section slices of body that are viewed sequentially by radiologists who must imagine or extrapolate from these views what the 3 dimensional anatomy should be. By using sophisticated algorithm and high performance computing, these cross-sections may be rendered as direct 3D representations of human anatomy. The 2D medical image analysis forced to use time-consuming, subjective, error-prone manual techniques, such as slice tracing and region painting, for extracting regions of interest. To overcome the drawbacks of 2D medical image analysis, combining with medical image processing, 3D visualization is essential for extracting anatomical structures and making measurements. We used the gray-level thresholding, region growing, contour following, deformable model to segment human organ and used the feature vectors from texture analysis to detect harmful cancer. We used the perspective projection and marching cube algorithm to render the surface from volumetric MR and CT image data. The 3D visualization of human anatomy and segmented human organ provides valuable benefits for radiation treatment planning, surgical planning, surgery simulation, image guided surgery and interventional imaging applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2014

The protective effects of Red Ginseng on liver damage induced by linac X-ray and paraquat were investigated. To one group of ICR male mice were given in Red Ginseng(200mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before 5Gy(1.01Gy/min) dose of linac X-ray irradiation. To another group were given in Red Ginseng (200mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before paraquat(30mg/kg/day, orally) was Radiation irradiation group were given with saline(0.1ml) and 5Gy. Contrast group were given with saline(0.1ml). The levels of H2O2, catalase and MDA in liver tissue were measured. In Red Ginseng to paraquat(RG+PQ) group and Red Ginseng(RG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad), the catalase level were significantly increased, and the catalase levels were appeared at radiation protection. The Red Ginseng was significantly decreased to MDA and H2O2 level to paraquat(RG+PQ) group and Red Ginseng(RG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad). Therefore, Red Ginseng was very excellent protector on radiation and paraquat of liver in mice.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2014

This work was conducted to study the improvement of reproduction rate from the breeding data collected from four farms from January 2007 to October 2010. The average numbers of service per conception were 1) A farm $1.7{\pm}0.1$ times, 2) B farm $1.5{\pm}0.1$ times, 3) C farm $1.5{\pm}0.1$ times, 4) D farm $1.4{\pm}0.1$ times. The average days from calving to conception was $77.4{\pm}4.8$ days in A farm, $150.8{\pm}11.2$ days in B farm, $90.4{\pm}4.5$ days in C farm, and $71.4{\pm}2.5$ days in D farm. Number of artificial insemination (AI) service per conception was higher at the 30 days before first AI ($2.1{\pm}0.2$ times) than at the 31 days after first AI, and the days from calving to conception were shorter at the 90 days before first AI than at the 91 days after first AI. After timed AI (TAI) treatment, the pregnancy rate was 60.3% for the 58 cows with reproductive disorder. In order to improvement of reproduction rates, the farms has to improve the accuracy of estrus detection, pregnancy diagnosis, check-up for reproductive health, and control of day for first AI periods after calving. The result suggests that farmers need the careful management and reproductive examination of farm animals to improve of reproductive efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2013

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of pencycuron in agricultural products was established by using GC-NPD. The method was validated through the guidelines of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy and precision. The calibration curve of pencycuron was linear over the concentration range of 0.02-2 mg/kg with correlation coefficient of above 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries of pencycuron for each sample were 79.6-107.5% at the level of 0.02 mg/kg and 86.4-112.1% at the level of 0.2 mg/kg and 84.0- 104.9% at the level of 1 mg/kg. Relative standard deviation (RSD) in recoveries were all less than 5%. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) were 1.6-3.0% and 5.3-11.5%, respectively. The result of validation indicated that this method was accurate and sensitive assay.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.14-30
• /
• 1995

한국(韓國)의 연근해어업(沿近海漁業)은 국내외 여건의 변화로 경쟁력(競爭力)을 잃어가고 있다. 따라서 구조개선(構造改善)을 통한 활로개척의 필요성이 강하게 대두되고 있으나, 중앙정부(中央政府) 차원의 어업여건(漁業與件) 개선은 장기간이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 지방화시대(地方化時代)를 맞이하여 수산정책(水産政策)도 지방정책(地方政策)에 의한 지역적 특성을 가진 정책으로 발전시켜나갈 필요가 있다. 여기에서는 그런 차원에서 본토(本土)와는 지리적(地理的), 사회적(社會的), 경제적(經濟的)으로 상당히 독립된 특성을 가지고 있는 제주도(濟州道)에 있어서의 연근해어업(沿近海漁業)에 관한 각종 자료를 이용하여 어업의 현황을 분석하고, 나아가 생산성(生産性)을 보다 향상시킬 수 있는 어업구조(漁業構造)의 개선방향(改善方向)에 관하여 연구하였다. 그 연구결과(硏究結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도(濟州道) 연근해어업(沿近海漁業)의 실태(實態) 1) 어업인구(漁業人口)는 계속 감소하고 있으며 부녀자(婦女子) 비율이 뚜렷하게 높다. 2) 어선세력(漁船勢力)은 10톤이하의 소형선(小型船)이 꾸준히 증가되고 있으며, 10~50톤급의 증가률(增加率)도 매우 높다. 3) 어항(漁港)은 107개가 있으나 그중 80%는 비법정(非法定)의 소규모(小規模) 어항(漁港)이었다. 4) 어선어업(漁船漁業)은 연승(延繩) 유자망(流刺網) 채낚기 분기초망어업(焚寄抄網漁業) 등을 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 5) 생산물(生産物)의 종류는 어류(魚類)가 주축을 이루고 있고, 대부분 고급(高級) 어종(魚種)이며, 가격은 상당히 높다. 6) 어선어업(漁船漁業)의 한어기(閑漁期)에 관광산업(觀光産業)과 연계하여 운영하고 있는 유어어업(遊漁漁業)은 상당히 발전할 소지를 가지 고 있다. 2. 문제점(問題點) 1) 어업인구(漁業人口)는 감소하는 반면 부녀자(婦女子)의 참여율은 높아 어선어업(漁船漁業)에 종사할 인력의 수급이 어려우며, 이것이 조업규모(操業規模)를 지속적으로 확대하지 못하는 요인이 되고 있다. 2) 어항시설(漁港施設)이 미비하여 어선어업(漁船漁業)의 규모를 확대시키기가 곤란하다. 3) 연근해어업(沿近海漁業) 어획물(漁獲物)의 판매를 위한 제도 및 시설이 소비환경(消費環境) 및 기호변화(嗜好變化)에 적절히 대응하지 못하고 있다. 4) 유어어선(遊漁漁船)의 운영기반(運營基盤)이 취약하여 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 5) 어업의 경쟁력 확보를 위한 기술교육(技術敎育) 및 연구(硏究) 지도체제(指導體制)가 취약하다. 3. 구조개선(構造改善)의 방향(方向) 1) 어업인력(漁業人力)의 안정적인 수급(需給)을 위하여 어민(漁民)의 정주환경(定住環境)을 개선하고, 어민후계자(漁民後繼者) 육성사업(育成事業)의 자금지원 수준을 향상시켜야 하며, 수산고등학교(水産高等學校) 졸업자(卒業者)를 수산계대학(水産系大學)에 일정 비율 정원외(定員外) 특예입학(特例入學) 시킴으로써 기술(技術)의 고도화(高度化)와 어촌 정착 동기를 높여 주어야 한다. 2) 어업인력(漁業人力) 감소에 대비하여 어선의 장비를 현대화, 생력화(省力化)하여 적은 인력으로도 운영이 가능하도록 유도하여야 한다. 3) 어업의 경쟁력 확보를 위해 어항시설(漁港施設)을 확충하고, 소비자(消費者)의 기호변화(嗜好變化)에 대응하여 위탁판매(委託販賣) 장소를 중심으로 종합어시장(綜合魚市場)을 개설해야 하며, 이와는 별도로 활어위판장(活魚委販場)을 시설하여 어획물(漁獲物) 부가가치제고(附加價値提高) 및 유통개선(流通改善)을 이루어야 할 것이다. 4) 유어어선(遊漁漁船)의 운영도 편의시설(便宜施設)을 확충하고 인공어장(人工漁場)의 조성을 추진하여 안정적인 부업으로 정착될 수 있도록 하는 노력이 필요하다. 5) 연구(硏究) 지도(指導)의 강화를 위하여 제주도(濟州道)에 소재하고 있는 연구(硏究) 지도기관(指導機關)을 적극적으로 활용함은 물론, 필요하다면 기관을 개편 증설하고, 어업인력(漁業人力)의 질적 향상을 위한 어민교육원(漁民敎育院)의 설립도 검토해 볼 필요가 있다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.308-320
• /
• 2006

Rapid canine retraction, first introduced by Liou, is a distraction osteogenesis applied to the periodontal ligament tissue. Rapid tooth movement was facilitated by establishing minimal bony resistance on the distal surface of the canine by socket preparation and by osteogenesis on the mesial side in response to the periodontal distraction. Since undesired buccal tipping or extrusion of the canine during retraction tends to occur, it is crucial to maintain the firm path of movement and the axis of the canine during retraction. In order to improve the predictability of the canine movement, lingually extended distraction screws with heavy labial guiding wires were designed. Prefabricated plastic canine models for the estimation of socket depth and miniscrew implants for anchorage reinforcement were also devised. Applying these devices to a female patient with Class II anterior protrusion, the whole treatment was effectively finished in 13 months. Loss of vitality or periodontal problems did not occur throughout treatment, and stable occlusion was maintained during 10 months of retention. This case report demonstrates that a predictable rapid canine retraction can be achieved through the use of this modified technique.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 1996

The efficiency of maxillary canine retraction by means of sliding mechanics along an 0.016 continuous labial arch and an 0.009 inch in diameter with a lumen of 0.030 inch NiTi closed coil spring was compared with that using the same NiTi closed coil spring and Molar Anchoring Spring(MAS) which was designed by author. MAS was made of .017" X .025" TMA wire and was given 60 degree tip-back bend on the wire close to the molar tube. This study was designed to investigate molar and canine root control during retraction into an extraction site with continuous arch wire system. Two techniques were tested with a continuous arch model embedded in a photoelastic resin. A photoelastic model was employed to visualize the effects of forces applied to canine and molar by two retraction mechanics. With the aid of polarized light, stresses were viewed as colored fringes. The photoelastic overview of the upper right quadrant showed that stress concentrations were observed in its photoelastic model. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Higher concentration of compression can be seen clearly at the distal curvature of the canine and mesial curvature of the molar and premolar when NiTi closed coil spring was applied only, which means severe anchorage loss of the molar and uncontrolled tipping of the canine. 2. The least level compression was presented at the mesial root area of the molar and premolar, and mesial root area of the canine when NiTi closed coil spring and MAS were used simultaneously. Especially mesial alveolar crest region of the canine was shown moderate level of compression that means MAS can be used as a appliance for anchorage control and prevention of canine extrusion and uncontrolled tipping during canine retraction.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.71-92
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities on financial performances using Bayesian Network. The research tries to overcome the issues of the uniform assumption of a linear function between financial performance and CSR activities in multiple regression analysis widely used in previous studies. It is required to infer a causal relationship between activities of CSR which have an impact on the financial performances. Identifying the relationship would empower the firms to improve their financial performance by informing the decision makers about the different CSR activities that influence the financial performance of the firms. This research proposes General Bayesian Network (GBN) and presents Markov Blanket induced from GBN. It is empirically demonstrated that all the proposals presented in this study are statistically significant by the results of the research conducted by Korean Economic Justice Institute (KEJI) under Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ) which investigated approximately 200 companies in Korea based on Korean Economic Justice Institute Index (KEJI index) from 2005 to 2011. The Bayesian Network to effectively infer the properties affecting financial performances through the probabilistic causal relationship. Moreover, I found that there is a causal relationship among CSR activities variable; that is Environment protection is related to Customer protection, Employee satisfaction, and firm size; Soundness is related to Total CSR Evaluation Score, Debt-Assets Ratio. Though the what-if analysis, I suggest to the sensitive factor among the explanatory variables.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2015

This study focused on isolation of wild yeasts from natural flowers and elucidation of yeast diversity. Wild yeasts were isolated from various flowers collected from mountains on the islands including Jejudo, Ulleungdo, Yokjido, and Seonyudo as well as inlands including Gyejoksan, Oseosan, Beakamsan, and Deogyusan in Korea. Isolated yeasts were identified by comparison of nucleotide sequences for polymerrase chain reaction-amplified D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA or internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 including 5.8S rDNA using BLAST. 289 strains belonging to 134 yeast species were isolated. Cryptococcus genus strains were the most frequently isolated species among the identified yeasts. Metschnikowia reukaufii was also frequently isolated. Twenty three species including Cryptococcus aureus were overlapped between those of mountains on islands and inland. Physiological functionalities such as antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity for the 289 identified yeast strains were investigated using their supernatant and cell-free extracts. The supernatants of Candida sp. 78-J-2 and Metschnikowia reukaufii SY44-6 showed antioxidant activity of 22.5%, and anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 49.6%, respectively.