• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.235-246
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• 2012

Reusing livestock manure have various advantages in securing soil organic resources. In this study, the N-loading and recycling capacity assessment of animal manure was analyzed by comparing between the cultivated areas of crops and the amount of manure units that are generated from livestock manure. From this assessment, the possibility of recycling resources of livestock manure was evaluated. The amount generated of livestock manure in Gyeonggi-do were evaluated by applying the manure units to the number of livestock manure. The analysis of manure unit per ha shows that the N loading by MU is quite different by region. When it comes to nitrogen loading, the MU per ha of cultivated land in excess of the N-amount was the highest in the Gyeonggi-do province with 2.70 MU/ha, which is higher than the appropriate level. The Chungcheongnam-do province came next with 2.31 MU. So the recycling capacity assessment was carried out mainly based on areas of forage crops, rice that can be provided by recycling livestock manure. The recycling capacity ware highest in Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do. In order to properly apply the livestock manure into organic resources, the seasonal situation that effects the nitrogen demands of crops along with the regional effects crop cultivation should be seriously analyzed. In addition, a system that can effectively produce and manage fertilizer should be established.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2010

This study was carried out to establish the analytical method of MCPA residue in brown rice and rice straw by HPLC/UVD. When MCPA was extracted from sample under the pH 3.6 by adding acetone 200 mL and 1N-HCl 100 mL, the extraction efficiency was high by 87%. And purification efficiency was high by 83% when 5 mL of 1% methanol/acetonitrile was eluated by the florisil Sep-pak cartridge column. From spiking of $0.1{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ and $0.25{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of MCPA to control sample, respectively, average recovery rate of MCPA in brown rice was 96.0% and 94.9% and that in rice straw was 92.5% and 88.2%, respectively. Precision of experiment was very high by relative standard deviation of 1.5% to 5.7%. In brown rice and rice straw treated with bentazone+MCPA (11+1.2%) of 30 kg and 60 kg per ha at 30 days after rice transplanting, respectively, maximum residue limit was under $0.05{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of the recommended rate of Korean Food and Drug Administration. From the above results, the analytical procedure of MCPA in plants such as hydrolysis, saponification and derivatization were ommited, and retention time was faster and recovery rate was higher than the existed results of HPLC/UVD. Therefore, these results were greatly improved and seemed to be usefully applied for residue analysis of MCPA in plants.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

This study investigated the synergistic effect of single inoculation and co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pantoea rodasil LH-1and Burkholderia stabilis HS-7. Phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring phosphorus content in culture media that were singly inoculated or co-inoculated with these strains for 7 days. The co-inoculation of P. rodasil LH-1and B. stabilis HS-7 was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($783.41{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. stabilis HS-7B ($743.90{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) and P. rodasil LH-1 ($736.59{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were also observed in the medium inoculated with both the strains, compared with that in the medium inoculated with the strain alone. Results of a plant growth promotion bioassay showed 7.7% and 15.5% higher leaf and root growth, respectively, in romaine lettuce co-inoculated with P. rodasil LH-1and B. stabilis HS-7 than those inoculated with the strain alone. However, no significant difference was observed between single inoculation and co-inoculation of these strains with respect to phosphorus release and plant growth. Although the results of the present study did remarkdly not show the synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by co-inoculation of the PSB strains examined, these results indicate that treatment with PSB exerts a beneficial effect on crop growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the interaction of selenate and sulfate ion in nutrient solution supplyed with selenate ion. At early growth stage, the growth of Mongolian wormwood was best at 3mM sulfate ion and 2mg/$\ell$Na$_2$SeO$_4$ treatment. As they were grown and matured, at the later growth stage, the effect of antagonism between selenate and sulfate ion on the growth of each plant decreased. At supplying with selenate ion in nutrient solution, the uptake of selenate by plant had negative correlation with sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution. The higher sulfate ion concentration, the less selenium uptake. However, the effect of antagonistic interaction of selenate and sulfate ion on the selenium uptake increased with plant age. Whereas, the uptake of sulfate ion had positive correlation with sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution at supplying with selenate ion in nutrient solution. The uptake of sulfate ion increased with increase of sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution. The effect of this interaction with selenate and sulfate ion increased with growth and maturity of plant. However, at 3mM sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution, sulfate ion concentration in plant tissue decreased markedly.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 1994

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying time of cattle slurry and fertilizing added mineral nitrogen on dry matter yield of orchardgrass and also to estimate proper levels of fertilizing nitrogen when idled arable land rapidly increased these days, which was used for the production of Orchardgrass. The results were as follows. 1. The annual yields of dry matter were produced 5.62~6.67 ton per ha when cattle slurry applied at rates of $30m^3$(average mineral fertilizer equivalent to 120kg) per ha in different dressing times. Those were higher 0.60~1.65 ton or 0.16 ton per ha than the yields from non-fertilizing or phosphrous and potassium fertilizing. 2. Relative yields of annual dry matter from mineral nitrogen fertilization of 120kg per ha were 142~146% in comparsion with control plots(cattle slurry plot or phosphrous and potassium plot). On the other hand, those of cattle slurry application were 112~133% in comparion with non-fertilizing plot. 3. The efficiencies of nitrogen on dry matter yield(kg DM/kg N) were 5.0~13.8 DM kg/N kg when cattle slurry applied to Orchardgrass at rates of $30m^3$(average mineral fertilizer equivalent to 120kg) per ha, and were 21.3~23.1kg DM/kg N at the same level fertilization of mineral nitrogen. 4. On the condition of this study, mineral nitrogen were fertilized after applying cattle slurry at rates of $30m^3$(average mineral fertilizer equivalent to 120kg) per ha in order to minimize chemical fertilizer and increase the potential production of Orchardgrass. At this situation, marginal dry matter yields of 8.48~8.63 ton per ha were obtained as the level of economic even point goint when mineral nitrogen fertilization is between 119.4 and 133.3kg per ha. It was possible to obtain the maximal dry matter yield(8.98 tons/ha) with fertilization of 202.8kg N/ha.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

Termitomyces albuminosus has been recognized to have the best mushrooms in China, in terms of taste and aroma. The efficacy of these mushrooms has been recorded in the botanical list. However, research on the development of their artificial culture methods is necessary. In this study, we prepared an organic solvent extract and a hot water extract to understand the development of compounds and functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The IC₅₀ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity of the hot water extract (TA4) was 1.5 mg/mL and the IC₅₀ value of the MeOH fraction (TA2) was 1.93 mg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by the inhibition of NO production. EtOAc fraction (TA1) is a crude extract, but 79% of NO production was inhibited at 100 ㎍/mL. NO was not produced at 200 ㎍/mL. TA1-5-6, from TA1 inhibited NO production by 15% as compared to the positive control at 15 ㎍/mL, and completely inhibited NO production at 30 ㎍/mL. No cytotoxicity was observed at 50 ㎍/mL. TA2-1-5 from the MeOH fraction (TA2) inhibited more than 75% of NO production at 30 ㎍/mL; cytotoxicity was very low even at 50 ㎍/mL. In conclusion, by selective solvent selection, it was possible to manufacture an extract with no cytotoxicity and excellent biological activities. Furthermore, the extracts showed potential for developing various functional foods and drugs.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 1987

The experiments were carried out in lab. as well as in pots, to develop the agricultural usage of water swellable polymer, a kind of polyacrylic acid(K-sorb) synthesized by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) recently. The changes of soil physical properties and the influences to crops were investigated with various levels of K-sorb. When the K-sorb mixed with soils and soaked up distilled water, the volume of soils increased with the increase of soil available water contents and increase of K-sorb application levels. The rate increase of soil available water was higher in the coarse textured soils than in the fine while the swelling rate of soil volume showed adverse tendencies. A positive linear regression was observed between the contents of available soil water and levels of K-sorb. K-sorb application decreased bulk density and hardness due to the increase of porosity after soybean cultivation. The permeability in coarser textured soils such as sandy and coarse loamy families was decreased with the increase of K-sorb but in the medium textured soils it was opposite. At higher levels of K-sorb, about 0.5%, the permeability abruptly decreased due to dispersion and vertical movement in silty soils, while it was not changed in fine clayey soils but has the same trend with silty soils. In the plot of 0.3% of K-sorb application, the growth of soybean such as number of pods and stem length etc. increased and the yield also increased about 1.2-1.8 times of control. The optimum amounts of K-sorb were slightly different according to soil texture but estimated from regression curves were about 0.2% to 0.35% of soils in dry weight bases.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1983

Red rice (local name "Sore") as a weed has been a serious threat to rice production in direct-seeded rice culture in Ganghwagun, Gyeonggi province. In the Ganghwagun 508 ha out of 1,420 ha in the Samsanmyeon area is infested with red rice. The average lowland rice yield is about 4,300 kg/ha in the Ganghwagun, but the average upland rice yield is about 2,000 kg/ha in infested area. This study was carried out in order to clarify the ecological characteristics of red rice and factors affecting the competitive ability of five red rice varieties, collected from Samsanmyeon in 1981, with rice cultivar. Five varieties-Monggeunsare, Salsare, Ginkaragsare, Galsaegsalsare, Galsaegkaragsare-showed the same morphological characteristics of cultivated Japonica type, Chuncheongbyeo, but red rice tillers more profusely, is taller and lodges more easily than Chucheongbyeo. It shatters easily about 10-15 days after heading date, and at this time the hull is discolored in yellow or dark brown. There are many types of red rice with short or long owns on the spikelet, occasionally with or without own on the spikelet in the same hill, and the grains are short or long. In red reice leaf blast occurs more severely than in cultivated Indica/Japonica type, Teabaegbyeo, particulary serious in Monggeunsare. When red rice invaded in direct-seeded rice, number of panicles of rice became reduced more than other yield components.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 1986

Korean lawn, Zoysia japonica STEUD, is the type of a perennial warm-season lawn grass that has a naturally green period during 5 months from May to September. This study was carried out to detect the effects of N-P-K fertilization, regrowth capacity after mowing and chlorophyll contents on prolongation of the green period in Zoysia japonica grasslands. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on Zoysia japonica grasslands were affected on regrowth capacity after mowing, green color of leaf canopies and chlorophyll contents, respectively. 2. A the experimental plots which applied 45g/$m^2$/10 weeks of $N_3$ fertilizer, there were high significant effects on prolongation of the green period and the plots of phosphorus and potassium had additive effects. 3. Prolongation of the green period to the last ten days of October was obviously possible by slow degrees in proportion to increment of N-P-K fertilization. 4. However, it is interpreted that more prolongation of the green period is impossible with N-P-K fertilization and irrigation treatments, unless the intermediate turfgrasses between $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants must be found and bred.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Application of organic resources to agricultural land can increase crop yield by improving soil characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of crop yield and soil physical properties including aggregate stability to application of organic resources in upland. The soybean was cultivated in a sandy loam field and a clay loam field located at Suwon and a sandy loam field located at Pyeongchang. The organic resources used in this study were rice straw compost (RSC), composted pig manure with sawdust (CPIG), composted poultry manure with sawdust (CPM), and cocopeat applied before sowing crop. Application rate of organic resources was determined based on carbon content and water content. The inorganic fertilizers were applied based on soil testing. In addition, the decomposition of RSC, CPIG, and cocopeat was characterized by isothermal incubation with sandy loam soil. The decomposition rate was highest for RSC followed by CPIG and cocopeat. Organic resource application increased yield of soybean, which effect was greater in clay loam than in sandy loam. In addition, increase in gas phase proportion by organic resource application was distinct in clay loam soil compared with sandy loam soil. In terms of aggregate stability, increasing effect was more obvious in sandy loam soils than in a clay loam soil. The highest yield was observed in RSC treatment plots for all the fields. Improvement of soybean yield and soil physical characteristics by cocopeat was not as much as that of the other organic resources. The results implied that RSC could be recommended for promoting aggregate stability and crop yield in upland cultivation.