• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유가경전(儒家經典)

Search Result 15, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

한국(韓國) 『상서(尚書)』학(學) 연구(硏究)의 회고(回顧)와 전망(展望)

  • Jin, Yeok-Ryeong
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
    • /
    • no.57
    • /
    • pp.201-229
    • /
    • 2014
  • 한국에서의 유가(儒家) 경전의 수용은 삼국시대에 시작되었으며, 이는 신라(新羅)시대 태학(太學) 교육 중의 한 과목이 "상서(?書)"였다는 "삼국사기(三國史記)"의 기록을 통해 알 수 있다. "상서(?書)"는 고대 정치제도 및 정치사상과 매우 긴밀한 관련을 갖는 경전인 까닭에 중국뿐만 아니라 한국에서도 통치자들의 시정방침(施政方針)상의 중요한 근간(根幹)이 되었다. 이러한 연유로 "상서(?書)" 연구를 통해서 경서 내용을 알게 될 뿐만 아니라 그 시대의 정치사상도 알 수 이해하게 될 것이다. 그런데 한국에 있어서 경학 연구는 중국과 달리 전통적 사서오경(四書五經) 혹은 십삼경(十三經)이 아니라 "사서삼경(四書三經)"을 중심으로 전개되었다. 또한 개별 경전에 대한 연구를 기준으로 살펴보면, "사서(四書)"의 경우, 특히 "논어(論語)"에 대한 연구가 집중적으로 이루어졌다. 삼경(三經)의 경우, "주역(周易)"이나 "시경(詩經)"은 이미 많은 연구가 이루어졌으나, 한국에서 "상서(?書)" 연구는 아직 전자만큼 활발히 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 또한 성균관대학교에 발간한 "한국경학자료집성(韓國經學資料集成)"을 살펴보면, 한국 경학 저술 총 145권 가운데 "상서(?書)" 부분이 22권을 차지하고 있다. 즉 거의 6분의 1이 "상서(?書)" 관련 저술이라고 할 수 있다. 본고는 "학술총람"과 공구서(工具書) 전자 시스템에 수록된 1901년부터 2014년 상반기에 이르기까지의 100여 년 동안 한국(韓國)에서 발표된 "상서(?書)" 관련 학술단행본 학위논문 학술지논문 등을 검토하고, 이를 통해 한국에서의 "상서(?書)"학(學) 연구(硏究)를 회고(回顧)하고 또 그 미래를 전망(展望)해 보도록 할 것이다. 전적으로 보면 한국 "상서(?書)"학 연구는 3가지를 포함한다. 첫째는 한국에서 중국 고전 "상서(?書)" 원전(原典)에 대한 탐구(探究)인데 이를 '중국 "상서(?書)" 연구' 라고 칭하였다. 둘째는 조선시대 유학자의 서경 저술을 중점 대상으로 연구하는 것으로 이를 '한국 "서경"학 연구'라고 이름 하였다. 셋째는 한국 이외 다른 나라 학자들의 조선시대 "서경" 저술에 대한 연구이다. 이상 3가지를 모두 대상으로 삼아야 온전한 한국 "상서(?書)"학 연구라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 향후의 연구 방향은 다음 네 가지로 정리할 수 있다: (1) 역본의 연구 (2)학파별 연구 (3)문헌적 연구 (4)경연과 과거시험의 각 나라 비교 연구이다. 한국 "서경"학에 대한 연구를 통해 우리는 조선시대의 사상과 문화 특히 정치사상을 파악할 수 있으며 또한 전통시대 동아시아 각국의 학문 양상까지도 인식할 수 있을 것이다. 요컨대, 아직까지 한국의 학계에서 한국 "서경"학을 중심으로 하여 이러한 측면을 밝히는 연구는 부족한 편이라고 할 수 있겠으며, 그렇기에 연구할 영역이 더욱 많은 셈이라고도 할 수 있는 것이다. 바로 이 연구영역들에 더욱 심혈을 기울여 앞으로 더 깊이 있고 폭 넓은 연구가 진행되기를 기대할 수 있게 되는 것이다.

The instruction of comparative study on Lao Zi Note of Park Sae Dang and Hayashi La Zan (박세당(朴世堂)의 『신주도덕경(新註道德經)』과 임라산(林羅山)의 『노자초해(老子抄解)』 비교 연구 서설)

  • Cho, Hansuk
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
    • /
    • no.28
    • /
    • pp.297-329
    • /
    • 2010
  • This article is a preliminary essay for comparative study on Lao Zi Note of Park Sae Dang who lived Lee Dynasty in 17C and Hayashi La Zan who lived Doku Kawa Bakuhu in 17C. This article have two points at issue. First one is the their challenge that resisted the dogma of their own age. And the other one is their challenge of thaught had the academic background of the Lao Zi Note. They had a their own Lao Zi Note, Park Sae Dang朴世堂 had a New Note of Lao Zi 新註道德經 and Hayashi La Zan 林羅山 had a Selection Note of Lao Zi 老子抄解. However there are some different points between Park Sae Dang and Hayashi La Zan. The Hayashi La Zan's comprehension of Lao Zi followed in Lao Zi Note of Lin Xi Yi 林希逸 who had a point of Confucian comprehension of Lao Zi, so the study of Taoism of Hayashi La Zan excepted Zhuang zi. Hayashi La Zan concentrated on only Confucian comprehension of Lao Zi because Lin Xi Yi's Note of Zhuang Zi had a point of Zen Buddhism. However Park Sae Dang's the study of Taoism has Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. He understood Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi in a base on Confucian comprehension. He indicated Confucian moral principle 修身治人 for a equal point of between Confucianism and Taoism. And he understood Cheng Xin成心 in Qiwulun in Zhuang Zi is similar to Xing性 of Xing Shan性善 in Meng Zi. Park Sae Dang analyzed not simply Lao Zi but also Zhuang Zi in a base on Confucian comprehension.

A study on the awareness about "Dong-YI(東夷)" in Confucianism scripture (유교경전의 동이 인식에 관한 연구 - 13경 및 그 주석서를 중심으로 -)

  • Ham, HyunChan
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
    • /
    • no.30
    • /
    • pp.123-159
    • /
    • 2010
  • Dongyi (Chinese: 東夷; pinyin: $D{\bar{o}}ngy{\acute{i}}$; Wade-Giles: Tung-yi; literally "eastern 'barbarians'") was a collective term for people in eastern China and in the east of China. People referred to as Dongyi vary across the ages. The early Dongyi culture was one of earliest neolithic cultures in China. According to the earliest Chinese record, Zuo Zhuan, the Shang Dynasty was attacked by King Wu of Zhou, while attacking Dongyi, and collapsed afterwards Dongyi culture was one of the oldest neolithic cultures in China. Some Chinese scholars extend the historical use of Dongyi to prehistoric times, according to this belief, the neolithic culture correlates to Houli culture, Beixin culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture, five evolutionary phases. Deliang He, thinks that Dongyi culture used to be one of the leading cultures in neolithic China. The writing system of Dongyi was one of the oldest writing systems in neolithic China. There are opinions that the 20 pictogram characters discovered in a Dongyi tomb (山東?縣大汶口墓葬) in Shangdong indictates some of the characters found, like "旦, 越, 斤, 皇, 封, 酒, 拍, ?", are still used in Chinese characters. There are also opinions that Dongyi people were the inventor of arrows. Some classic Chinese history records like Zuo Zhuan, Shuowen Jiezi, Classic of Rites, all have some similar records about this. [3][4] The legendary god of archery in Chinese mythology, Houyi, could also be a Dongyi leader. Based on archeology findings, Dongyi people's ancestral worship totem is bird-shaped. In the meantime, The fundamental thing that Koreans should do is to find out Korean identy. Koreans cannot achieve their goals unless they enforce politics economics, educations, etc. in harmony with their own identity. However, some people say that Koreans do not have any dentity on the grounds that there is no Korean traditional thought. This view is, however, absolutely absurd because it is impossible for a nation to exist for oner five thousand years without having it's own native characteristics. The most essential thought in Korean identity is Confucius' In(仁). In is originated from Yi(夷) or Yi-jok(夷族)'s heart. On this account, Confucius' In can be a precious thought to Korean people who have been suffering from many problem caused by the absence of Korean identity. If Korean could understand their original characteristics and if Korean couldrealize that their original characteristics are Confucius' In, then our culture and identity recovery of though may maximize efficiency of country and society development.

"소문령추류찬약주(素問靈樞類纂約註)"에 대한 연구(硏究)

  • Yu, Ho-Gyun;Kim, Yong-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
    • /
    • v.18 no.3 s.30
    • /
    • pp.55-69
    • /
    • 2005
  • 소문령추류찬약주시대청대왕묘소저내경적주석서(素問靈樞類纂約註是對淸代汪昴所著內經的注釋書), 경과대차서적연구득출이하결론(經過對此書的硏究得出以下結論): 소문령추류찬약주대과거착오적주석내용진행료수정(素問靈樞類纂約註對過去錯誤的注釋內容進行了修正), 노력사내경지원의적용어임상(努力使內經之原意適用於臨床), 차대기초이론급임상적발전대래료흔대영향. 소문영추류찬약주중(素問靈樞類纂約註中)‘목위심규(目爲心竅)’주장(主張), 시여이시진적(是與李時珍的)‘뇌위원신지부(腦爲元神之府)’화주앙적(和注昻的)‘인지기성재어뇌(人之記性在於腦)’적기술일양(的記述一樣), 도시대청대관어뇌적이론지발양중매출적제일보(都是對淸代關於腦的理論之發揚中邁出的第一步), 대한의학중완선뇌적이론작출료거대적공헌(對韓醫學中完善腦的理論作出了巨大的貢獻). 재설명운기학설적항해승제론적동시(在說明運氣學說的亢害承制論的同時), 환주장생극관계시운기학적근본내용(還主張生剋關係是運氣學的根本內容), 기제우화시차조오운지리조화인류여육기적련계(旣制又化是借助五運之理調和人類與六氣的聯係), 인차주장차위고성인재저작경전중연구화여육적동기(因此主張此爲古聖人在著作經典中硏究化與育的動機), 성료정개운기학설적요점혹중심내용(成了整個運氣學說的要點或中心內容). 대난해적자사혹경구적주해중적난점(對難解的字詞或經句的註解中的難點), 통과종합인용불가(通過綜合引用佛家), 유가(儒家), 도가등사상진행료설명(道家等思想進行了說明), 종이사지능유지료기객관성(從而使之能維持了其客觀性).

  • PDF

A Study on Gan hexagram 感卦 in the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi manuscript (상박초간 『주역』 감괘(欽卦) 연구)

  • Won, Yong Joon
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
    • /
    • no.56
    • /
    • pp.181-208
    • /
    • 2018
  • This paper explores divination cultures of ancient China and how scriptures of the Zhou Yi had been interpreted in terms of Confucian ethics by the Confucian school focusing on Gan hexagram in the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi manuscript. Gan hexagram shown on the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi manuscript corresponds with Xian hexagram 咸卦 in the received text of the Zhou Yi, which means "gan 感," and the whole subjects of the hexagram are physical love and marriage between male and female. Such examples of divination for wedding between male and female are found frequently in ancient divination including Qinghuajian "Shifa" and these materials also demonstrates that Gan hexagram merely was a divination for love and marriage. However, Xunxi 荀子 "Dalue" 大略 and "Tuanzhuan" of the received text of the Zhou Yi had expanded to the dao 道 of husband and wife, and moreover, "erqi 二氣" philosophy of yin and yang by abstracting the theme of Gan hexagram, namely Xian hexagram, from love and marriage between male and female. Such expansion had stepped forward to a generative theory of all things that composes the world and cosmos in a way of natural philosophy and to a claim for peace under heaven in a way of human society through influences by shengren 聖人. "Xuguazhuan" also regards Xian hexagram 咸卦 as the dao of husband and wife and, based on it, expands to parents and children, sovereign and subject, superiors and inferiors, and the proprieties. The commentary of "Xuguazhuan" is concluded to human manners, starting with cosmic order. These statements interpreted scriptures of the Zhou Yi as Confucian ethics and show the aspects of how the Zhou Yi had become a Confucian classic.

A Study on the Concept of 'Loyalty and Filial Piety' in the Taoist Scriptures (도교 경전에 나타난 충효관 연구 - 『문창효경(文昌孝經)』과 『정명충효전서(淨明忠孝全書)』를 중심으로 -)

  • Jo Min-hwan
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
    • /
    • v.45
    • /
    • pp.37-67
    • /
    • 2023
  • This paper aims to examine the loyalty and filial piety pursued by Taoists, focusing on the concept of loyalty and loyalty shown in Wenchang Filial Piety Classic and General Collection of Jingming on Loyalty and Filial Piety. After the Han Dynasty, the concept of loyalty and filial piety became the representative virtues that led the country and society to follow the ideology of Confucius as the dominant ideology. This applied to everyone from emperor to each individual. Taoism had different reasons for promoting the concept of loyalty and filial piety and these even varied from sect to sect, but generally, Taoism could also be said to emphasize loyalty and filial piety. Depending on the sect of Taoism, filial piety might be valued on its own or filial piety might be valued in conjunction with loyalty. In particular, defining Taoism was criticized for "forgetting the desirable behavior required in the human network of the world and severing relationships with various objects encountered in life." In this respect, the concept of loyalty and filial piety in General Collection of Jingming on Loyalty and Filial Piety, could be observed to emphasize 'filial piety' in conjunction with 'loyalty', and this shows the influence of Confucius' concept of loyalty and filial piety. At the same time, this shows the concept of loyalty and filial piety as reimagined by Taoism. The most fundamental aim of Taoism is to pursue immortality. However, as a prerequisite for becoming such a god, loyalty and filial piety, were practiced alongside 'gentleness' and 'humanity and trustworthiness.' Here, the Taoist emphasis on 'loyalty and filial piety', 'gentleness', and 'humanity and trustworthiness' is essentially the same as in Neo-Confucianism. However, seeking to become an immortal through these values represents a motivation that is different from Neo-Confucians who denied the pursuit of immortality. In this paper, loyalty and filial piety as understood and practiced by Neo-Confucian scholars will be compared with the same concepts in the Taoist context and the findings will be summarized via three categories. First, in the Taoist model longevity and the pursuit of immortality are seen as being closely related to filial piety. The reason why achieving longevity and pursuing immortality was considered closely related to filial piety is because this is a modified and enhanced reimagining of the Neo-Confucianist concept of loyalty and filial piety. The other is that Taoism's concept of loyalty and filial piety is richly supplemented with content about 'interactions between heaven and humankind.' When filial piety is practiced in this context, the principle of responding to the gods of heaven and earth is emphasized. At the same time, Taoism presents consequences for insufficient filial piety to parents or insufficient loyal to the king; disasters will be brought down by heaven. Finally, it is argued that the practice filial piety is necessary and should extend not only to parents to all phenomena in the world without distinguishing based on one's degree of intimacy to those phenomena.

Study on the Respiration Control Method(yonghobigyeol) of Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon and the Xiangweibiaolishuo (duplicity theory) in Daxue/Zhongyong (봉우권태훈(鳳宇權泰勳) 선생(先生)의 조식법(調息法)(용호비결(龍虎秘訣))과 『대학(大學)』·『중용(中庸)』의 상위표리설(相爲表裏說)에 관한 고찰(考察))

  • Gwon, Yeong-hun;Bong, Hak-Keun;Yun, Dae-Jung
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
    • /
    • no.54
    • /
    • pp.387-416
    • /
    • 2014
  • This article explored the duplicity relation between the Daxue/Zhongyong of Confucianism and the Yonghobigyeol of Taoism, which was advocated by Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon, who was a Confucian scholar and the progenitor of Sundoism. The view of Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon was that the Confucian scriptures that contain the mind control method handed down from Confucius are Daxue, Zhongyong and Zhouyixicichuan (周易繫辭傳). His another view was that Zhuzi (朱子) intentionally did not expose the original object of Confucian mind control method in the interpretation of Sangangling (三綱領) of Daxuezhangju (大學章句) annotated by him, since he was invoked by the contemporary logic of Sung Period (宋代). Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon added a new annotation on Daxue Sangangling and tried to disclose the original object of Confucian mind control method through new interpretation by explaining the implied meaning of character '中' (zhong) of Zhongyong Yunzhijuezhong (允執厥中) by way of Iljungron (一中論). In addition to this new interpretation, Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon took the Yuanxiangfa (原象法), which Confucius compiled as the extract of Yijing (易經) from Zhouyixicichuan (周易繫辭傳), as the core of Confucian metaphysical philosophy study. He suggested Yuanxiangfa as a methodology to reach the ultimate target of study together with the Yonghobigyeol of Taoism and paid attention to the close relationship between the two. Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon verified the original object of Daxue by new interpretation on Daxue Sangangling, left an analytical thought on the consistency among Daxue, Zhongyong and Xicichuan (繫辭傳) and the study method of Igyohabil (異敎合一), where he integrated the principle of Taoism and Confucianism. Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon left a new topic to Korean world of thought, which is as important as the Seondanhosuron (禪丹互修論) of Cheonghaja Gwon Geuk-jung (靑霞子 權克中) in Joseon Period.

An Analysis on the Foundation Background and Cited References of Miscellaneous Explanations of Seongho (星湖僿說) (『성호사설(星湖僿說)』의 형성 배경과 인용서목 분석)

  • Son, Ke-Young
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
    • /
    • v.47 no.4
    • /
    • pp.411-441
    • /
    • 2016
  • This research examined the composition background of Miscellaneous Explanations of Seongho(湖僿說), the representative work of Yi Ik(李瀷, pen name is Seongho 星湖, 1681-1763), then selected the 443 cited references in the book, and analyzed the features of them such as the scales and characteristics of reference, the proportion of Chinese books, the ratio of latest editions and the relative importance by subjects. After examining the ratio of Goryeo-Joseon and Chinese books among 443 references in Miscellaneous Explanations of Seongho, it was revealed that there were 23.3% of Goryeo-Joseon books and 76.7% of Chinese books cited. The investigation on the editorial period of the referred Chinese books showed that 70% and more were books of the Song and pre-Song period, whereas 22.7% were books of the Ming-Qing period. The analyzation of the proportions of the reference by subject showed that the subject fields with highest percentage appeared in the order of historical books, poetry and prose collections, Confucian classics, and novels and essays. And besides these subjects, he had been interested in various subjects: Miscellaneous Schools, Confucian School, geography, regulation of systems, painting and music, dictionary, biography, encyclopedia, and so on.

A Study on the Ideal Leadership whole person of Confucian philosophy (유가(儒家)의 전인적(全人的) 지도자상(指導者像) 고찰(考察))

  • Kim, Kyeong-Mi
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
    • /
    • no.62
    • /
    • pp.145-176
    • /
    • 2016
  • This paper aims to define the leadership of Gunja (君子, translated into prince, gentleman, or ideal man) based on Confucian Classics which offer the general values and norms of individuals' virtue and social virtuous acts. Thus, humanitarianism is regarded as true value, and the values of a virtuous person who properly practices social human relationships are discussed. The real worth of Gunja image is discussed as a true human image of "self-completion and completion of all things" (成己成物) which involves the convergence of truth, good and beauty where there is a sense of harmony and balance, where there is stern self discipline and self cultivation and where win-win values of human relationships are created. Confucian saint (聖人), wise man (賢人), great man (大人), and gentleman (君子) mean social leaders. They practice human morals, enlighten and beautify society with teachings, and are indicated as equipped with mental and material harmony, good character and competence, and economic power and morality. People today pursue their own personal growth according to their material preferences rather than pure intellectual cultural values, and are engrossed in visually beautiful external unlimited competition. In this digital age, we are supposed to demonstrate our individuality, but many people are obsessed with appearance, go on severe diet, and lose their health beauty, and consequently suffer mental stress. This trend fuels obsession with appearance and the sick practice of valuing appearance. As an alternative method to overcome this phenomenon, we need a leader image with the convergence of truth, good and beauty, which is characterized by internal self cultivation, external professionalism, and handsome and solid character. Confucian thoughts consist in practicing the Way of disciplining oneself for governing others (修己治人). Self discipline involves developing personal virtuous ability for cultivating a virtuous character, and governing others involves interacting to work together in society and to have right human relationships. Thus, leaders should impress not only themselves but also others. Self discipline for governing others means cultivating virtue for oneself and leading others. A true leader has self introspection and establishes himself through self discipline so that he can govern others or reach the realm of settling others where people live together. As all things have a value and a virtue, humans endeavor to cultivate character and virtue by learning and studying for securing their professionalism, reliability, character and ability, so as to create their own brand value. Personal character does not come from a high position, wealth and power. Character is a personal virtue, and is cultivated as immaculate and fresh through self discipline. As such, it well matches with a clean and clear spirit. This offers the ideal leader as the Guja image who has an extremely humane character, as well as being equipped with inherent virtues of intellect, benevolence and courage. Self development can foster virtue and self management through self leadership and self discipline. The leader in the relationship area can practice his virtue through virtuous acts, in other words, even think from another person's perspective. Such leader is mentioned as the principle of measuring square in the Great Learning. In our viewpoint, the beauty of character can breed the seed of virtue through intellect, benevolence and courage, the beauty of win-win can realize the right virtue by showing exemplary acts to others through considerateness, and the beauty of harmony can love and care for others like me through the principle of measuring square, thereby realizing the universal principle of virtue and harmony, which is like my mind. As such, the ideal leader, when his virtue and mind of being considerate of others all blending well, can exercise his ability to the full, can live together and coexist with many people, and can grow again into a triumphant relationship.

A study about Views of the Great Learning(大學) of the Three Countries in East Asia at 17th Century (17세기(世紀) 동(東)아시아 3국(國)의 『대학(大學)』관(觀) 고찰(考察))

  • Lee, Yongsoo
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
    • /
    • no.36
    • /
    • pp.265-299
    • /
    • 2009
  • The Great Learning is an essential scripture of Confucianism that has had great influence on the politics, thoughts, society and culture of the East Asia which contains Korea, Japan and China. In case of Japan, the doctrine of Toegye(退溪) is flown into pre-Tokugawa era, and as the doctrine of Zhu Xi(朱熹) exercise influences over the other thoughts, the importance of the Great Learning is embossed relatively in Tokugawa era. The characteristic of Japanese confucianism of Tokugawa era is to lay weight on real world as such, and the Japanese confucianism has grown up academically centers on exhaustive reinterpretation about some Confucian classics. And Backho-Yoon Hyu(白湖 尹?), Seokye-Park Sedang(西溪 朴世堂) who lived in 17th century of Joseon dynasty attempt new interpretation about the Great Learning and they have an objection to the explanatory notes of Zhu Xi. In the same period of China, there are similar academic trends around Whang Jong Hi(黃宗羲), Ko Yeom Mu(顧炎武), Wang Fu Chi(王夫之). In other words, new views of real scholarship which reject emptiness and put much value on reality were current of thoughts that have been common to the oriental three countries in early and middle 17th century. The main object of this paper is to understand the attitude and understanding about the Confucian classics especially the Great Learning of the scholars who lived in early and middle Tokugawa era. It will be a decisive clue to understand the ninucture of thoughts system of them. Through these work, we understand how it has had influenced to thinking-ninucture and lives of the Japanese. And the other purpose of this paper is to understand characteristics of them when we compare that vking-ninucture and lives of the Japanese Confuciang-ninearly and middle Tokugawa era with in the same period of Jeseon and the later Ming(明) and early Ching(淸) dynasty.