• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2017

Interval censored data frequently occur in observation studies where the subject is followed periodically. In this paper, our interest is to suggest a test statistic to compare the CIF of two groups with interval censored failure time data in the presence of competing risks. Gray (1988) suggested a test statistic for right censored data that motivated a well-known Fine and Gray's subdistribution hazard model. A multiple imputation technique is adopted to adopt Gray's test statistic to interval censored data. The powers and sizes of the suggested method are investigated through diverse simulation schemes. The main merit of the suggested method is its simplicity to implement with existing software for right censored data. The method is illustrated by analyzing Bangkok's HIV cohort dataset.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2018

Recently, as the quality of life of the morden people has increasingly grown, the demand for traveling to foreign countries has been rapidly increasing. However, there are not enough safety systems avaliable for international travelers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide helpful information on disaster, crimes and dangerous areas by country for travelers. In this paper, we propse a smart device-based smart security notification service system for emergent situations of overseas travelers. the proposed notification system provides information about disaster, crime and dangerous areas is designed to be provided to users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

The railway system is worldwide recognized as a safe mean of transportation. However, railroad accidents and incidents continue to occur. Due to the nature of the railway system that consist of many mechanical parties, it is apparently difficult to eliminate probability of accidents and incidents completely. Therefore, through the analysis of railroad accidents and incidents, it is very important to trace the various factors affecting the accidents and incidents. In this study, we performed the analysis of rail-road accidents due to track defects in foreign countries; United States of America, England, Canada, Australia. As a result of its investigation of the accidents, major risk factors are proposed in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.419-420
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• 2022

재난관리현장 및 관련 학문 분야에서는 사건(incident), 사고(accident), 위험(risk), 위기(crisis), 재해(disaster), 재난(disaster)과 같은 유사성이 있는 전문용어들이 혼용되어 사용되고 있다. 전문용어의 경우 관련 학과 학생 및 종사자들은 그 내용과 의미를 정확하게 이해하고 있어야 하며, 이와 관련한 전문용어의 정의를 명확하게 나타내는 지침이 필요하다고 말할 수 있다. 「재난 및 안전관리 기본법」제 3조에서 재난에 대한 정의는 명시하고 있지만, 재난과 재해와의 차이점을 명확하게 알 수 없으며, 위험과 위기에 대한 차이점을 또한 파악하기 어려움에 있다. 이러한 이유로 관련 학과 대학생 및 관련 업종 종사자들이 재난에 사용되는 용어를 명확하게 구분하여 설명하지 못하고, 명확하게 구분하지 아니하고 사용하는 것이 아닌가라는 판단에 이르게 되었다. 용어의 혼용은 국민들에게 재난에 관한 의식의 혼란을 유발하고, 혼란스러움으로 인한 무관심이 발생, 그 무관심에 의해 재난에 관한 의식이 저하될 수도 있다고 생각하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재난 의식의 하락으로 비롯되는 대응의 부적절함을 방지하기 위해 1) 관련 학과 학생 및 종사자들을 대상으로 전문용어의 이해도 조사, 2) 관련 용어의 정의를 조사 및 분석을 수행하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2016

Longitudinal data often occur in prospective follow-up studies. Joint model for longitudinal data and failure time has been applied on several works. In this paper, we extend it to the case where longitudinal data involve informative observation time process as well as competing risks survival times. We use a likelihood approach and derive an EM algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimate of parameters. A suggested joint model allows us to make inferences for three components: longitudinal outcome, observation time process and competing risk failure time. In addition, we can test the association among these components. In this paper, liver cirrhosis patients' data is analyzed. The relationship between prothrombin times measured at irregular visiting times and drop outs is investigated with a joint model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2022

2022년 7월 8일 일본 전 총리 아베는 나라현의 야마토사이다이지 역에서 야마가미 데스야의 사제총격에 심각한 총상을 입고 과다출혈로 사망하였다. 다중이용시설에서의 테러안전관리 미흡으로 인해 발생한 본 사건은 다중이용시설 테러안전관리의 중요성을 보여주는 대표적인 테러사례이다. 국내와 유사한 테러환경을 갖춘 인접국가 일본 발생한 테러사건이므로, 국내 다중이용시설 테러안전관리에 대한 경각심을 일깨워 주고 있다. 대한민국은 세계적으로 높은 인구밀도와 원스톱 서비스의 선호 욕구로 인해 대부분의 다중이용시설들은 운송·판매·문화 및 집회 등의 기능이 다양하게 복합된 시설로 발전해 가고 있어, 테러리스트의 테러대상 선정의 3가지 요건인 접근성(Easy-Access), 상징성(symbolism), 미디어 집중성(Media Attention)을 갖춘 매력적인 테러대상시설이 되어 가고 있다. 또한, 최근 국제테러 동향을 살펴보면, 국가중요시설, 군사시설과 같은 하드 타겟(Hard Target)보다 엔터테인먼트, 문화, 관람, 카지노, 시장, 플라자, 광장, 소매점, 대형마트 등의 판매·문화 및 집회시설인 소프트 타겟(Soft Target)에서 고 위험성의 테러가 높은 빈도로 발생하고 있는 추세로 다중이용시설은 테러안전관리가 절대적으로 필요해져 가고 있다. 이에 반해, 국내 다중이용시설 테러안전관리를 위한 지도·점검 및 시설 취약요인 사전제거 활동 등 대부분의 대테러 활동이 미흡한 실정이다. 국내에서 소프트 타겟은 『테러방지법 제25조 시행령』(테러대상시설 및 테러이용수단 안전 대책 수립)과 『테러대상시설 및 테러이용수단 시설의 안전대책에 관한 규정』에 따라 정부에서는 대테러 활동을 매년 상시적으로 하고 있지만, 아직까지 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현 다중이용시설의 테러안전관리 문제점과 취약점을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-85
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of "accident" under the Warsaw system including the Warsaw Convention for the Unification of certain Rules for International Carriage by Air of 1929 and the Montreal Convention of 1999. Most leading case on this subject is Air France v. Saks(470 U.S. 392 (1985)). In the Saks case, it was held that the definition of an accident must be applied flexibly, and most courts have adhered to the definition of accident in Saks case, the application of accident has been less than consistent. However, most cases have held that if the event is usual and expected operation of the aircraft, then no accident has occurred. Courts have also held that where the injury results from passenger's own internal reaction to the usual, normal, and expected operations of the aircraft, it is not caused by an accident. As the Warsaw drafters intended to create a system of liability rules that would cover all hazards of air travel, the carrier should liable for the inherent risks of air travel. It is right in that the carrier is in a better position than the passenger to control the risks during air travel. Most US courts have held that carriers are not liable for one passenger's assault on the other passenger. The interactions between passengers are not part of the normal operations of the aircraft and are therefore not covered by the word "accident" under Art 17 of the Warsaw Convention. It is regretful that the Montreal Convention did not attempt to clarify the concepts of accident in itself. In the light of an emerging tendency to hold the air carrier liable for occurrences that do not exactly go to the operation of the aircraft, it is desirable to regulate that the carrier is liable for an "event" instead of an "accident" in accordance with the Guatemala City protocol.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2011

People tend to overestimate their emotional reactions to events such as physical handicap and buying a new car in the future. Students overestimate their reactions to a future grade as compared to their reactions after receiving the grade. Impact bias refers to people's tendency to overestimate the intensity and the duration of emotional reactions to a future event. The present study explored whether impact bias occurs to risky objects such as nuclear energy, genetically engineered food, and mobile phone. Participants were asked to predict their emotional reactions at three time points, that is, at the present, a week after, and a year after. They predicted their reactions before and after two debiasing tasks. The present study demonstrated a different pattern of impact bias at three time points: A largest bias was observed a week after the present. A defocalism manipulation has eliminated the impact bias whereas an adaptation manipulation has not. Several points were discussed regarding the difference between the previous and the present work.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

The range of special management target facilities is seperated by the building sector and the field of civil engineering. In the present study, the risk analysis was performed, related to fire occurred for the last five years, in the field of residential and non-residential facilities in buildings. Most of fire incidents occurred in residential and non-residential facilities was the cause of the electrical, and the resulting casualties were also very high. Therefore, based on the results, the risk evaluation index was developed, identifying the causes of fire occur and doing the fire vulnerability analysis for each facility. The result of this study can be utilized safety management to these facilities for the future, especially, inducing a more specialized and intensive safety management.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.66-74
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• 2022

This study identified the impact of information literacy, risk perception, crisis communication on preventive behaviors related to COVID-19 among nursing students. Data were collected from 187 nursing students from 25 June 2020 to 3 July 2020, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. As a result of regression analysis, the factors influencing prevention behaviors were crisis communication(β=0.30, p<.001), information literacy(β=0.29, p<.001), and risk perception(β=0.19, p=.004). The explanatory power of the model was 27%. This study suggests that the focus should be on improving the activating crisis communication process among individual, family and society, increasing information literacy and risk perception on crisis when developing program to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors of nursing students experiencing clinical practice.