• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.600-608
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• 2017

Hazard risk of explosion on pharmaceutical raw materials dust in pharmaceutical industry often exists when it is handled or processed in the industrial sites, and explosion accident is caused by this. In this study, the dust explosion characteristics of the three pharmaceutical raw materials samples were measured. The main explosion characteristics are as follows: $P_{max}$, MIE and MIT of loxoprofen acid having $5.31^{\circ}C$ of median diameter are obtained 8.4 bar, 1 mJ < MIE < 3 mJ and $550^{\circ}C$. $P_{max}$, MIE and MIT of camphorsulfonate having $95.63^{\circ}C$ of median diameter are obtained 7.9 bar, 30 mJ < MIE < 100 mJ and $510^{\circ}C$. $P_{max}$, MIE and MIT of rifampicine having $26.48^{\circ}C$ of median diameter are obtained 7.9 bar and 1 mJ < MIE < 3 mJ and $470^{\circ}C$. The deflagration index ($K_{st}$) and the explosion index (EI) were obtained by using these data. The explosion hazard assessment of pharmaceutical raw materials dust was compared and examined. As a result, the explosion hazard assessment according to deflagration index and explosion index were the explosion class with St 2 and the explosion hazard rating of severe for loxoprofen acid & rifampicine and St 1 and strong for clopidogrel camphorsulfonate, respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

Modern fire fighting jobs have been expanded to include areas of rescue, emergency medical service as well as conventional fire suppression, so that load for fire fighting jobs has been increased. Specifically, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as low back injury have been considered as one of major industrial hazards in heavy manual material handling during fire fighting jobs. This study tried to evaluate risk levels and to prepare background for reducing risk levels associated with heavy manual material handling during fire fighting jobs. This study applied two major tools in evaluating heavy manual material handling jobs which were NLE (NIOSH Lifting Equation) and 3DSSPP (3D Static Strength Prediction Program). A risk index in terms of heavy manual material handling during fire fighting jobs was identified. This index consisted of seven risk levels ranged from nine points (the first level) to three points (the seventh level). There was no job associated with the first level (the highest risk level) of index. There was only one job (life saving job) belonging to the second level (the second highest risk level) of index. The third level had jobs such as usage of destruction equipment and lifting patient. A total of basic eighteen jobs was categorized into six different levels (2nd-7th levels) of index. The outcome of the study could provide a good basis for conducting job intervention, preparing good equipment and developing good education program in order to prevent and reduce MSDs including low back injury of fire fighting jobs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.835-842
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• 2003

현행 기업신용평가모형에 관한 연구는 크게 부실예측모형 및 채권등급 평가모형으로 구분된다. 이러한 신응평가모형에 관한 연구는 단순히 부실여부 또는 이미 전문가 집단에 의해 사전에 정의된 등급체계만을 예측하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있었다. 그러나. 대부분의 금융기관에서 사용하는 신응평가모형은 기업의 부실여부만을 예측하거나 기존의 채권등급을 예측하기 위만 목적보다는 기업의 고유 신응위험을 평가하여 이에 적합한 신용등급을 부여함으로써, 효율적인 대출업무를 수행하기 위해 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 부실예측모형들을 대상으로 다중 부실확률모형 (Business Failure Probability Map; BFPM) 접근방법을 이용한 신응등급화 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 다중 부실확률모형은 신경망모형과 로짓모형을 통합하여 부도율, 점유율을 고려한 다단계 신용등급을 예측할 수 있게 해준다. 다중 부도확률지도 접근방법을 이용하여 각 금융기관에서 정의하는 수준의 신용리스크를 효과적으로 추정하고, 이를 기준으로 보다 객관적인 다단계 신용등급을 산출하는 새로운 신응등급화 방법을 제시 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.30 no.B
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

To provide a development strategy on the method which assesses a potential risk of nationwide emerging IT infrastructure in planning and design phase, and to classify the assessment result into 5 levels is the goal of this research. The development strategy provided in this paper could improve a benefit-cost-ratio of investments on emerging IT infrastructure. With a premature assessment of the potential risks of a nationwide emerging IT infrastructure which needs astronomical amount of public funds, it could show a way of systematic investments on security systems and improve a benefit-cost-ratio of investments on emerging IT infrastructure. Also, this approach might improve the safety of nationwide IT infrastructure. It could identify and provide an optimized solution for the potential risks of nationwide IT infrastructure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.426-426
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• 2023

대설은 일반적으로 해양과 대륙의 온도차가 큰 지역, 바다·호수와 같이 상대적으로 따뜻한 곳이 인접해 있어 기단 변질이 잘 일어나는 지역, 산악에 의해 습윤한 공기가 강제 상승되는 지역에서 자주 발생한다. 우리나라는 찬 대륙고기압 공기가 해수 온도 차로 눈 구름대가 만들어지거나, 고기압 가장자리에서 한기를 동반한 상층 기압골이 우리나라 상공을 통과하면서 대설이 발생한다. 최근 우리나라에서 빈번하게 발생하는 대설피해는 직접피해와 간접피해로 나뉘며, 이에 따라 사회·경제적으로 막대한 피해를 야기한다. 우리나라 대설피해양상은 지역적 특성, 방재 대책, 대처능력 등에 따라 달라지는 것이 특징이며, 지역적으로 다르게 발생하는 대설피해를 효과적으로 대비할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지역적 특성을 고려한 차등화된 대설 피해를 예측하는 연구를 진행하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기상요소 및 사회·경제적 요소 등을 입력자료로 활용하고, DPSIR 분석을 통해 Red Zone, Orange Zone, Yellow Zone, Green Zone으로 위험 등급을 분류 및 등급 별 대설피해 예측기법을 개발하였다. 최종적으로 1994년부터 2020년까지의 과거 대설 피해액 자료와 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 기법을 개발하였고, 기법의 예측력 평가를 위해 RMSE와 RMSE를 표준화한 NRMSE의 두 가지 통계 지표를 사용하여 평가하였다. 모형별 예측력 평가 결과 Yellow 등급 모형이 가장 우수한 예측력을 보였다. 추후 본 연구결과를 통해 대설피해 범위를 예측하는 연구가 진행된다면 사전에 대설피해에 대한 대응방안 수립과 지역별제설 우선순위를 결정할 수 있는 지표가 개발될 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.638-640
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• 2000

본 논문은 국내.외적으로 심각한 유해정보로 인한 피해를 막고자 개발된 유해사이트 차단 소프트웨어들의 동향과 문제점들을 제시해 새로운 유해사이트 차단 소프트웨어 개발에서 구현해야 할 부문에 대해 제시했다. 각 소프트웨어들은 독창적인 기능들을 보유하고 있으나 기능상의 문제점을 안고 있다. 유해 정보 차단 기술을 바탕으로 만들어진 유해 차단 소프트웨어들은 사용된 기술에 따라 차단 목록 기반의 선별 기술을 사용한 소프트웨어는 차단 목록의 주기적인 갱신이 어려움이 있고 불건전 사이트에 노출 위험이 상대적으로 크며, 용 목록 기반의 선별 기술에서는 접근할 수 있는 사이트가 극히 제한적이라는 것이며, 내용 등급기반의 선별 기술은 해당 사이트의 모든 정보를 차단하므로 유익한 정보까지 차단한다. 차단 목록 기반의 선별 기술과 허용 목록 기반의 선별 기술은 지속적인 데이터베이스의 갱신이 필요하다. 내용 등급 기반의 선별 기술은 아직까지는 웹사이트의 99%이상이 등급 표시가 없으나 앞으로는 등급 시스템과 등급 표시제를 강화해 등급에 따른 유해사이트 차단이 이루어져야 하며 그러기 위해서는 현재로는 부모의 역할에 의해 이루어지는 것을 웹 문서에 등급정보가 반드시 삽입되도록 하는 강제적인 방법이 동원되어야 하며 브라우저 상에서 등급 정보가 없는 사이트에 대해서는 볼 수 없도록 차단하는 방법이 유해사이트를 차단하는데 효과적일 것이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.585-592
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• 2017

Most sewer lines buried in the city are likely to be collapsed due to serious aging. Also, due to the high concentration of development and high population density and traffic, the collapse of the sewer will cause enormous social and economic damage. Therefore, proactive maintenance is required to prevent accidents caused by deteriorated sewer pipe. In order to utilize limited budget effectively, risk-based prioritization methods should be proposed that simultaneously consider the consequence of failure and the probability of failure. In this study, the method of risk-based prioritization of sewer was examined by reviewing various cases of overseas studies and applied to the urban sub-catchment. First, the impact factors that can be secured through the sewer GIS DB in Seoul were derived, and the weight, sub-criteria, and impact score of each impact factor were determined and the consequence of failure was calculated by weight sum method. In addition, the probability of failure was calculated by dividing the service life by the estimated useful life, and the consequence of failure and the probability of failure were classified into five grades by the Jenks natural breaks classification method. The prioritization method was applied to sub-catchment in the Seoul to derive a risk matrix and a risk grade. As a result, 26% of all subjects were selected as the inspection priority subjects with 4-5 risk grade. Therefore, using the risk-based CCTV prioritization methodology, it will be possible to systematically determine the objects that need investigation first.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

As the competition among the autonomous vehicle (AV, here after) developers are getting fierce, Korean government has been supporting developers by deregulating safety standards and providing financial subsidies. Recently, some OEMs announced their plans to market Lv3 and Lv4 automated driving systems. However, these market changes raised concern among public road management sectors for monitoring road conditions and alleviating hazardous conditions for AVs and human drivers. In this regards, the authors proposed a methodology for monitoring road infrastructure to identify hazardous factors for AVs and categorizing the hazards based on their level of impact. To evaluate the degrees of the harm on AVs, the authors suggested a methodology for managing road hazard factors based on vehicle performance features including vehicle body, sensors, and algorithms. Furthermore, they proposed a method providing AVs and road management authorities with potential risk information on road by delivering them on the monitoring map with node and link structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

The protection and management of old trees is important in the context of heritage protection and landscape construction. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk indicators of the health evaluation system for the old trees, and to provide methods for the protection and management of the old trees that are at risk. According to the index and weighted values obtained in the previous study the scores can be calculated on a 100-point scale. According to the score, the grades are divided into 5 levels. This study takes the case of a total of 30 old trees, including a Chinese juniper, located in Gyeongju Yangdong village, to evaluate the degree of danger in their actual condition. The results showed that of the Chinese juniper tree is at the healthy level, with the score of about 70, and is therefore in Level C. The trees in Yangdong village at high risk should be improved quickly. The standards set for the 5-level score graph and the establishment of a health evaluation system can reflect the actual situation of the old trees in Yangdong village, so it is both practical and scientific.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.29-58
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• 2022

Recently, Korea has been experiencing a problem of population decline, therefore the transition to a compact spatial structure is being urged. However, what is required is not just physical compression, but a compact city that also considers connectivity, in view of the changes in today's demographic and industrial structure. From this point of view, this study measures the compressibility of domestic cities suffering from extinction risk due to low birth rates, aging population, and population decline, and examined the spatial structure characteristics. In addition to the compressibility evaluation index used in previous studies, the compressibility of six indicators (population, land use, service accessibility, transport accessibility, connectivity, and concentration) was compared and analyzed, and a comprehensive compression index was calculated. The analysis results, based on the comprehensive compression index, classified 2.3% cities in the first grade, 4.6% in the second grade, 16.09% in the third grade, 43.68% in the fourth grade, and 33.33% in the fifth grade areas. Currently, the urban characteristics affecting the compactness index differ from region to region. Therefore, it is necessary to establish measures and policies for extinction risk considering the influence of each region's compactness index. This study is meaningful in that connectivity was considered using spatial syntax, and the compactness of cities at risk of extinction was compared and analyzed quantitatively. It is expected that this study will be used as basic data to establish the direction and action strategy for extinction risk cities.