• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 1979

Compared with ordinary varieties, the cold resistant lines were heavy in fresh weight of seedling, low in stalk elongation. Their leaf-types were complete runner types, and they were high in wintering rate, and were abundant in the branch number and in pod numbers per branch. They were high in the seed yield.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

Grapevines will experience various types of winter damage. Some winter damages are caused by mechanical injury, freezing temperatures or poor vine vigor. This research was conducted to find out the appropriate control methods through selection of resistant rootstocks and improvement of overwintering methods for the control of crown gall disease on 'Kyoho' grape. The crown gall symptoms were not found when three stock plants of grapevine SO4, 5BB and 3306 were inoculated with $10^4cfu/ml$ of Agrobacterium vitis strains (YK2823, YK3312, LMG259, HKA234). But when they were inoculated with higher concentration $(10^6 cfu/ml)$ of A. vitis, irrespective of stocks plants, crown galls were formed all of them and the gall size was much smaller than that of kyoho. Three stock plants were selected as resistant based on above mentioned. Covering trunks and branches with rice straw and insulating coverlet was the most effective method for prevention of crown gall disease. This treatment minimized the ambient temperature changes on grapevine trees during winter season to $9.6^{\circ}C$ and the normal plant growth was due to the absence of freezing injury.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Field studies were conducted from the years 2009 to 2012 in order to determine the cultivation limit as well as to evaluate the characteristics and forage production of warm season grass in Korea. Two bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars, two bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars and a Kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.] cultivar were compared for forage production and quality in the mid-southern regions of Korea. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The number of days to seedling emergence for bremudagrass and bahiagrass was observed as approximately 12 days and 28 days after seeding, respectively. In Kwangju, the heading dates of bahiagrass and kleingrass were 21 August and 10 July, respectively,. Warm season grass did not winter in the mid-regions (Kimjea, Cheonan) of Korea. All of the Bermudagrass cultivars had higher dry matter (DM) than bahiagrass at the first harvest. The dry matter yield of kleingrass was usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. Peak forage DM production of bermudagrass and bahiagrass cultivars occurred in June and July, respectively. The contents of crude protein (CP) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) for bermudagrass cultivars were usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. Further, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across all cultivars.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

Six evergreen ground-cover species including Ajuga reptans, Carex morrowii 'Variegata', Dianthus 'Night Star', Hedera helix 'Ivalace', Pachysandra terminalis, and Sedum rupestre, were tested for cold acclimation with three different light treatments (0, 30, and 70% of shading, respectively) to select potential candidates for over-wintering in central Korea. Among those species, Ajuga reptans, Carex morrowii 'Variegata', and Sedum rupestre performed well, which had more than 50% of survival rate in all light conditions. However, Dianthus 'Night Star' had less than 40% under any light treatment and the other two species, Hedera helix 'Ivalace' and Pachysandra terminalis, survived more than 40% only with 70% of shading condition. These results imply that those candidate species having less cold hardness in central Korea could have the potential to could over-winter as long as a proper light condition is provided.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.186.1-186
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• 2003

온주밀감의 당도를 높이고 신선도를 유지하기 위하여 무가온 비닐하우스에서 이듬해 2-4월에 수확하는 월동감귤은 부피과의 발생이 쉽고 저장성이 나빠 수확시기에 바로 출하하는 감귤을 제외하고는 저온저장이 필수적이다. 2월 하순에 수확한 월동감귤(궁천조생)을 저장 전에 키토산과 칼슘처리를 하고 저장에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 부패과 발생은 저장 30일부터 나타났고, 무처리에서는 그 이후 부패가 빠르게 진행되었다. 그러나 베푸란 또는 키토산과 칼슘 처리에서는 저장 60일까지 부패과의 발생을 억제할 수 있어서, 이 기간까지가 저장이 가능한 기간으로 보인다. 중량감소는 11월 하순에 수확한 궁천조생에 비하여 모든 처리에서 중량감소가 빠르게 진행되었다. 유리당은 11월에 수확한 궁천조생과 비교하였을 때 glucose은 비슷하였으나, sucrose, fructose은 다소 많은 양이 검출되었다. 유기산은 citric acid과 malic acid 2종류가 검출되었으며, 그 함량도 관행수확기에 수확한 감귤보다 citric acid는 1/2 이하로 낮게 나타났고, malic acid는 비슷한 함량이 나타났다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유기산 함량은 서서히 감소하였으나, malic acid은 초기에 감소되었으나 3월 중순이후에는 일정한 수준을 나타났다. 유리아미노산의 함량은 11월에 수확한 궁천조생에 비하여 D,L-$\alpha$-aminoadipic acid, $\alpha$-amino- $\beta$-guanidinopropionic acid 등 2종을 제외한 27종이 검출되었다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics, overwintering sites and behavior for each stage of Oligota kashmirica benefica (Coleoptera: Sthphylinidae). Egg was oval type, yellow, 0.3 mm size. Larva exuviated 3 times and the last (3rd) instar, length 1.6 mm, wide 0.4 mm, became dermata pupa in soil. Adult was lightish dark-brown, and coriaceous forewing covered a half of abdomen. O. kashmirica benefca mainly overwinters with adult at Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) windbreaks of orchards, but it did not diapause in greenhouse during winter.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

To establish the dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage by clipping before overwintering and grain next year, an experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of clipping times and cultivars haying different winter habits in rice-barley cropping system at paddy field in southern Korea. Barley showed more forage yield by clipping once only on December 10 than that of twice-clipping on November 10 and December 10. Among experimented cultivars, Saegangbori (winter habit II) and Keunalbori (winter habit IV) produced higher forage yield in one time clipping than the others. On the contrary, higher total digestive nutrients(TDN) was gained from twice-cut plants. Barley clipped once or twice headed and matured without serious delay as compared to the conventionally sown barley. In spite of clipping in November and/or December, barley produced grain yield similar to that of the conventional. Conclusively, it was regarded that cultivars having II-III winter habit were suitable for dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage in winter season and grain harvest next year.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2009

In organic fanning systems, integration of cover crops into cropping system are recommended to improve the soil quality, to prevent soil erosion, and to provide biological control of weeds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the optimal seeding dates of major cover crops. To know optimal seeding dates, crimson clover, alfalfa, rye and hairy vetch were sown on 20. Sep., 27. Sep., 4. Oct., 11. Oct., 18. Oct., 25. Oct. Rye could germinate and grow well in all the tested sowing dates. Hence, it was concluded that the sowing of rye could be conducted later in fall or more earlier in spring than any other cover crops tested in this study. Growth and ground covering capacity were significantly decreased by late sowing in alfalfa and crimson clover. For safe overwintering, alfalfa and crimson clover should be sown before late September. Similarly, field emergence of hairy vetch was found to be sensitive to soil temperature, however, its growth and ground covering capacity after overwintering was enough to compensate the delay in sowing. Germination tests in laboratory revealed that hairy vetch grew faster at $25^{\circ}C$ compared to $20^{\circ}C$. The result suggested that germination and growth rate of hairy vetch was rapidly decreased at low temperature. Therefore, it is recommended that hairy vetch should be sown as soon as possible in September for improving stand establishment after overwintering.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate specific stages and distribution of overwintering nymphs of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps by measuring head capsule width. The nymphal head capsule width of the 1st instar to the 5th instar was 0.381, 0.502, 0.673, 0.979 and 1.128 mm, respectively. lts coefficient variation was 5.3, 4.0, 3.0, 4.5 and 5.3%, respectively. Growth ratio of each instar was not significantly different among 2nd to 4th instars as 1.31 to 1.34, but for the 5th instar it decreased as 1.28. The logarithm of the nymphal head capsule width was regressed as a function of the stage number of insects, resulting in LogY = 1.4627 + 0.1192X ($r^2= 0.9993$). Also fitness to the Dyar's law for the nymphal head capsule width of each instar was 98% or over and the Dyar's constant (K) was 1.316. The occurrence of N. cincticeps was maximum at the end of January with 195 individuals/0.25 $m^2$. The most abundant instar in the overwintering N. cincticeps population was 4th instar accounting for over 90%. Population of the 5th instar began to increase from mid-March, and adults began to occur in early April.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1987

In order for Paldanghomil (winter rye) to be investigated if its grain yield is able to be produced after clipping just before winter season for forage utilization this experiment was carried out under the four sowing dates of four locations in Korea (Chunchon, Suwon, Hwasung and Chungju). In rye clipping plot earlier sowing showed taller plant height, more number of tillers/㎡ and higher forage yield before winter season, indicating the highest forage yield (1803 kg/10a) in Chunchon by sowing of September II. Forage yield of rye before winter season was mainly influenced by plant height and number of tillers/㎡, showing more effect of plant height. Rye plants were more or less affected on winter damages, late heading and short culm by clipping before winter season. Analysis of variance indicated that only number of spikes/㎡ among grain yield components showed the high significance according to the clipping method, and that there showed little variation for other yield components due to the sowing date and clipping method. There showed more grain yield in non-clipping rather than that of clipping plot, indicating the difference of 46kg/10a. This was resulted from short culm and severe winter damages caused by clipping before winter season. Of the grain yield components, number of spikes/㎡ was greatly influenced for grain yield by analysis of stepwise regression. Therefore, grain yield of rye was able to produce after forage utilization before winter season due to the appropriate crop and soil managements, by resulting from the little variation in grain yield between clipping or non-clipping plots and from the higher grain yield by the early sowing.