• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study attempted to examine the loving pigeon culture practiced in traditional gardens and to illuminate the aspect of pigeons as a landscape animal material. In order to understand the culture of enjoying old garden through pigeons, the contents were analyzed for the translated version of the old literatures and paintings. Pigeons have been used as Jeonseo-gu(傳書鳩) and also for medicinal purposes and food. Pigeons have various symbolic meanings such as abundance, hospitality, and longevity. From the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, pigeons were raised in the palace and private garden. In the late Joseon Dynasty, temporary trend of ornamental pigeon culture occurred. Pigeons were synesthesia materials that enriched the forest. Various beautiful pigeons created a variable landscape of the primeval forest as a moving landscape material. The bell sounds that appear differently depending on the pigeon's movement led to a rich auditory experience of the landscape. The pigeon house was an ornamental element that enriched the old garden along with the pigeon. The owners of garden were involved in gardening through the act of buying a pigeon house and placing it in the garden or making a pigeon house themselves. In addition, the writers planted plum trees, peach trees, apricot trees, and hawthorn trees as a symbol of spring and a source of food for pigeons, and expressed them in poems and paintings. This study has a limitation in that the translation of the old text was used as an analysis data. The follow-up studies on specific cases of raising pigeons in the old garden, in modern and contemporary landscape spaces are urged.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.36-48
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• 2015

This study aims to contemplated the enjoying culture of Gyeonghwasejok's garden in late Joseon dynasty. It was track down the behavior from cultural perspective by using recorded in literature. The results were as follows. First, Gyeonghwasejok was the main principal of the garden at Hanyang in Joseon Dynasty. There are established residence in the downtown and make a garden. Garden organizer recognized to fine conditions of residences even crowded downtown. As a result people tried to include habitation and garden culture for preserve their cultural benefit. Secondly, Seongsisanrim culture has appeared of common in site selection of garden for occupies the scenic beauty. Garden was surrounded by scenic beauty. Garden organizer was formed archival culture for owning the beautiful landscape through creation of guguk(九曲), designation of space and lettering on rocks. Thirdly, Formation of the collection culture was placed of various ornaments inside garden. A behaviour of landscape view and ornaments appreciation led to the archival culture such as Won-rim-gi(園林記) and essay(小品文). Moreover, hold a friendship meeting for sharing garden culture. Fourthly, Attention of flowering plants was extended to development of gardening hobby such as fashion of pot-planting, planted to exotic tree. It was know that the plants are recognized as favorite elements by target of appreciation according to introduction of plants inside garden. In addition, facility of horticulture and kitchen garden were placed inside garden. Fifth, Influx of chinese garden culture influenced construction of garden space in late Joseon dynasty. Garden organizer recognizes garden as a ideal space by garden aesthetics that Hojungcheonji(壺中天地). And the imitation of Chinese garden culture such as collecting of Chinese's ornaments has become a high-level culture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to look at the Jungeun-sasang(中隱思想) and garden of Bai Juyi in the perspective of landscape architecture and inquiry the meaning of Bai Juyi's construction activities, thought shown in his gardens, and how his construction method influenced later and the result is as follows. First, the 'Jungeun-sasang(中隱思想)' of Bai Juyi improved the Eunil-sasang(隱逸思想) and the birth of 'Jungeun-sasang(中隱思想)' became a clue to be developed up to the garden art. In addition, different from before that built gardens hiding in mountains, it prepared the turning point to build gardens in cities. Second, the space principle of 'paradise' shown in the garden of Bai Juyi was a means and principle to absorb the nature such as positioning rocks, formation of mounds, and positioning of flowers in the limited and small spaces different from previous gardens of splendid and magnificent. The garden became not only outer scene but also the 'Simwon(心園) that reflected the inside world. 12) Third, the gardening act and thought appeared in the poem of Bai Juyi were expressed in pictures and his own gardens as his poem was borrowed and quoted. As a result, Bai Juyi's literary view on the art and thought prepared the base in the popularity of literary gardens and forming of characteristic styles through practical activities that he managed his own gardens. Forth, Bai Juyi's level of Confucianism realization and delicate aesthetical consciousness gave meanings to the scene of gardens through the discovery of the fusion of mountains and creeks, ways of adding, and the aesthetical consciousness of Taihushi(太湖石)and influenced in the forming of garden culture later on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

This study aims to examine at the garden characteristics of salt merchant in Yangzhou, China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, I looked at the background of garden formation through the literature. In addition, analyzed the garden design method and components of salt merchants. The results were as follows; First, the Yangzhou area in the past has achieved cultural and economic development with the establishment of the ancient Grand Canal. Salt merchants accumulated wealth through trade, and created many gardens under the background of securing materials for create garden through trade, forming political forces through the cultivation of students, and inflow of foreign cultures. Second, salt merchants in Yangzhou asked garden experts to design and create the garden as a place for exchange and relaxation. Also, through the production of landscape changes using Gasan(假山) and a long corridor(長廊), clear classification of spaces using architectural elements, and the placement of buildings in scenic areas adjacent to the water, the gardens with practical and aesthetic functions were owned. Third, the gardens of Yangzhou Salt Merchants have a building-oriented commercial space on the front, and a garden-centered design characteristic on the back. The garden of the commercial zone was built in a simple form using pots, oddly shaped stone, bamboo and fence patterns in the remained space, focusing on the front of the building. The garden at the back formed a curved waterway connected to the canal is refracted across the garden. The garden also features piled stones(疊石), stone bridges and ship-shaped stone building(石舫). In addition, the design reflected the introduction of trees that take into account the climate and color contrast of Yangzhou province, pavement of various materials and patterns.

• 공원문화
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• s.53
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• pp.11-17
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• 1992

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.93-107
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of Chinese traditional garden space construction principle studied by predecessors in modern park landscape, and to find more methods of traditional garden space construction inheritance and innovation through research. Tian Chaoyang's book "Fifteen Lectures on Chinese Classical Gardens and Modern Translation" mentions that Chinese traditional gardens are combining time and space, so he draws a brief pattern diagram containing the principle of the space construction. According to this principle of space construction, the researchers chose Qujiang Pool Heritage Park, which combines modern and traditional, then analyzed its spatial structure and and space elements. The results are as follows. The complex spatial structure of the park is composed of spatial boundary lines and spatial routes. The complex boundary space is composed of bridges, squares, plants, rows of buildings and other elements. The water space in the center of the park is designed in accordance with the traces of the historical water system, and its natural zigzag shoreline expands the water space. The central water space is divided into the big pool and the small pool, the Yanbo island and Bird island are created respectively. The building at the park boundary connects the park's interior and exterior. Most of the buildings in the park are located in the convex corner of the route or space. Through this research, it can be concluded that Qujiang park also applies the space construction principle combining time and space. And then, the garden elements of Qujiang park are recreating the history and culture of Qin, Han, Sui and Tang dynasties with modern methods, thus creating a park with Chinese regional characteristics. Since the Tang dynasty was the most prosperous period in Qujiang, the park was dominated by Tang culture. Through the research of this paper, we can see that the space construction principle of Qujiang Pool Heritage Park is the inheritance of the space construction principle of Chinese traditional garden. And the landscape element of Qujiang park is the landscape created by combining traditional history and culture, which is the innovative part of modern garden. Through this study, the creation of modern landscape with Chinese characteristics can provide some hints on the direction of inheritance and innovation.

• Korean Architects
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• no.4 s.384
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• pp.105-110
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• 2001

중국의 원림건축은 성시건축, 주거건축, 궁궐건축, 사묘건축, 단묘건축, 능묘건축 등과 더불어 중국고전건축을 구성하고 있는 주요한 유형 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 다른 어떤 건축유형도 원림건축 만큼 중국인의 정신세계와 조형세계를 종합적이고 입체적으로 반영하고 있는 것은 없다. 뿐만 아니라 여기에는 중국을 정점으로 한국과 일본이 함께 일궈낸 한자문화권의 범주 속에서 세 나라가 각기 가지고 있는 건축미학의 차별성도 비교적 명확하게 담겨져 있다. 따라서 중국 고전 원림건축에 대한 이해는 최근들어 우리 건축계에서 주목하고 있는 비교건축의 시각을 여는 발판이 될 수 있음은 물론이거니와 나아가 우리 자신의 존재가치와 특성을 보다 객관적으로 바라볼 수 있는 기회가 되리라고 믿는다. 이 연재는 모두 10회로 구성하였으며 먼저 중국 고전 원림건축의 기본적인 발전과정을 서술하고 이어서 그 설계원리를 규명해 보며, 다음으로 몇가지 대표적인 사례의 분석을 통하여 구체적인 실천의 과정을 탐색하는 한편, 최종적으로는 오늘의 중국 현실에서 그러한 가치들이 어떻게 접목되고 있는지 추적해 보고자 한다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.5 s.385
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• pp.83-88
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• 2001

중국의 원림건축은 성시건축, 주거건축, 궁궐건축, 사묘건축, 단묘건축, 능묘건축 등과 더불어 중국고전건축을 구성하고 있는 주요한 유형 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 다른 어떤 건축유형도 원림건축 만큼 중국인의 정신세계와 조형세계를 종합적이고 입체적으로 반영하고 있는 것은 없다. 뿐만 아니라 여기에는 중국을 정점으로 한국과 일본이 함께 일궈낸 한자문화권의 범주 속에서 세 나라가 각기 가지고 있는 건축미학의 차별성도 비교적 명확하게 담겨져 있다. 따라서 중국 고전 원림건축에 대한 이해는 최근들어 우리 건축계에서 주목하고 있는 비교건축의 시각을 여는 발판이 될 수 있음은 물론이거니와 나아가 우리 자신의 존재가치와 특성을 보다 객관적으로 바라볼 수 있는 기회가 되리라고 믿는다. 이 연재는 모두 10회로 구성하였으며 먼저 중국 고전 원림건축의 기본적인 발전과정을 서술하고 이어서 그 설계원리를 규명해 보며, 다음으로 몇가지 대표적인 사례의 분석을 통하여 구체적인 실천의 과정을 탐색하는 한편, 최종적으로는 오늘의 중국 현실에서 그러한 가치들이 어떻게 접목되고 있는지 추적해 보고자 한다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.11 s.379
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

중국의 원림건축은 성시건축, 주거건축, 궁궐건축, 사묘건축, 단묘건축, 능묘건축 등과 더불어 중국고전건축을 구성하고 있는 주요한 유형 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 다른 어떤 건축유형도 원림건축 만큼 중국인의 정신세계와 조형세계를 종합적이고 입체적으로 반영하고 있는 것은 없다. 뿐만 아니라 여기에는 중국을 정점으로 한국과 일본이 함께 일궈낸 한자문화권의 범주 속에서 세 나라가 각기 가지고 있는 건축미학의 차별성도 비교적 명확하게 담겨져 있다. 따라서 중국 고전 원림건축에 대한 이해는 최근들어 우리 건축계에서 주목하고 있는 비교건축의 시각을 여는 발판이 될 수 있음은 물론이거니와 나아가 우리 자신의 존재가치와 특성을 보다 객관적으로 바라볼 수 있는 기회가 되리라고 믿는다. 이 연재는 모두 10회로 구성하였으며 먼저 중국 고전 원림건축의 기본적인 발전과정을 서술하고 이어서 그 설계원리를 규명해 보며, 다음으로 몇가지 대표적인 사례의 분석을 통하여 구체적인 실천의 과정을 탐색하는 한편, 최종적으로는 오늘의 중국 현실에서 그러한 가치들이 어떻게 접목되고 있는지 추적해 보고자 한다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.3 s.383
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• pp.100-104
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• 2001

중국의 원림건축은 성시건축, 주거건축, 궁궐건축, 사묘건축, 단묘건축, 능묘건축 등과 더불어 중국고전건축을 구성하고 있는 주요한 유형 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 다른 어떤 건축유형도 원림건축 만큼 중국인의 정신세계와 조형세계를 종합적이고 입체적으로 반영하고 있는 것은 없다. 뿐만 아니라 여기에는 중국을 정점으로 한국과 일본이 함께 일궈낸 한자문화권의 범주 속에서 세 나라가 각기 가지고 있는 건축미학의 차별성도 비교적 명확하게 담겨져 있다. 따라서 중국 고전 원림건축에 대한 이해는 최근들어 우리 건축계에서 주목하고 있는 비교건축의 시각을 여는 발판이 될 수 있음은 물론이거니와 나아가 우리 자신의 존재가치와 특성을 보다 객관적으로 바라볼 수 있는 기회가 되리라고 믿는다. 이 연재는 모두 10회로 구성하였으며 먼저 중국 고전 원림건축의 기본적인 발전과정을 서술하고 이어서 그 설계원리를 규명해 보며, 다음으로 몇가지 대표적인 사례의 분석을 통하여 구체적인 실천의 과정을 탐색하는 한편, 최종적으로는 오늘의 중국 현실에서 그러한 가치들이 어떻게 접목되고 있는지 추적해 보고자 한다.