• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.443-449
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• 2009

This study propose a model for railway safety evaluation with which the safety of whole railway system can be evaluated. The evaluation model is to generate a safety index which quantitatively represent the degree of railway safety. Safety index is proposed a function of three indexes; an accident index, safety management index, and safety culture index. This paper describes the first result from the study on the safety target which will be a key starting point toward the development of safety evaluation model. It is recommended that the safety target be composed of several sub-targets that are apportioned to constituent components. It is coneluded that the classification of safety target influence on deciding components or attributes that constitute each sub-indexes; an accident index, safety management index, and safety culture index.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

The ability to utilize information of learner can do self-directed learning that increases creativity of learner. But in the middle and high schools, if 2009 revision curriculum has to be enforce, the education of information knowledge and literacy is expected to leave the education undone at schools. Therefore the ability of leaners must develop through teaching in all subjects, and so the ability of teachers in the class is very important. We examined the actual conditions about the ability of pre-service and in-service teachers, and analyzed the gap of the ability between in-service and pre-service teachers. The indexes of total ability of in-service and pre-service teachers are shown to be 74.4 points and 50.5 points out of 100. The ability of pre-service teachers is on the level about 68-percent as compared with the ability of in-service teachers. Therefor the education offices of cities and provinces and the teacher training institutes must establish for improvement of the ability of pre-service teachers.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3 s.49
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

Substations in electric power transmission network systems (EPTS) operate using several transformers in parallel to increase the efficiency in terms of stability of energy supply. We present a seismic reliability assessment method of EPTS considering the parallel operation of transformers. Two methods for damage state model are compared in this paper: bi-state and multi-damage model. Simulation results showed that both models yielded similar network reliability indices and the reliability indices of the demand nodes using hi-state model exhibited higher damage probability. Particularly, the corresponding EENS (Expected Energy Not Supplied) index was significantly larger than that of the multi-damage state.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.317-325
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of depression in relation to the subjective health status and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly in rural areas. Subjective health status, depression and quality of life of 235 residents over 40 years of age in A county were collected and analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation, and Multiple Regression, and verified with Sobel test. Depression had a mediating effect in relation to the subjective health status and quality of life of the residents. In conclusion, subjective health conditions and depression are important factors that determine the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas. Various programs for improving subjective health of the residents and relieving their depression are needed to improve the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly in rural areas.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2011

We consider an infinite dam with inputs formed by a compound Poisson process and adopt a $P^M_{\lambda}$-policy to control the level of water, where the water is released at rate M when the level of water exceeds threshold ${\lambda}$. We obtain interesting stationary properties of the level of water, when the amount of each input independently follows an exponential distribution. After assigning several managing costs to the dam, we derive the long-run average cost per unit time and show that there exist unique values of releasing rate M and threshold ${\lambda}$ which minimize the long-run average cost per unit time. Numerical results are also illustrated by using MATLAB.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.193-202
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• 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze parking characteristics and demand of A general hospital(A hospital) based on data on entries·exits in parking lot and to improve parking service to patients and visitors without building new parking spaces. To improve the quality of parking service we analyze average parking duration, parking turnover, peak hour, parking index and parking demand of A hospital. Using the results of this research we can improve parking regulations and operate a parking lot smartly. Other hospitals of similar size of A hospital can also refer to these results to improve parking service and build a smart parking system.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.637-647
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• 1999

This study investigated the applicability of generalized TOPMODEL approach which introduces the power law of decreasing transimissivity with depth instead of the traditional exponential decreasing function. The 50m digital elevation model(DEM) of Dongkog subwatershed at Wichon Test Watershed was used to perform runoff simulation. Random number generation algorithm was integrated into the calibration process for the reliable of model performance. General power law version of TOPMODEL with exponent 2 and 3 showed higher simulation efficiency than other the approaches. This results from the fact that the power law models with exponent 2 and 3 can represent the soil characteristics of study area better than other models.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2017

기후변화에 따른 강수의 시 공간적 변동성 및 패턴변화는 다목적댐 등 수자원시설물을 이용한 용수공급 및 미래 용수공급의 안정성에 많은 어려움을 줄 것으로 전망되고 있다. 여름철 홍수기 유입량에 의존하고 있는 기존 다목적댐 저수지 운영기준으로는 더 이상 안정적인 용수공급을 만족하기 어렵다. 주요 취수원인 다목적댐에서의 가뭄단계는 기준저수량에 의해서 결정되어지며 가뭄단계는 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각 총 4단계로 구분되며, 해당 기준저수량 이하로 저수량이 저하될 경우 가뭄단계가 발령 및 용수제한공급이 시행된다. 그러나 가뭄단계별 해제의 경우, 정상 용수공급 환원기준에 도달하여야만 용수공급이 정상으로 회복되는 보수적인 기준을 적용하고 있어 정상환원공급 기준에 도달할 때까지 가장 심각한 단계의 용수공급 제한을 감수하여야 한다. 반면, 미국 등 선진국의 경우 가뭄대응 단계 발령 및 해제기준을 기상 및 수문조건 그리고 저수지 수위의 유지 상태 등 다양한 조건을 분석하여 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일단위 실시간 가뭄(유입량) 지수(SFI, Standard Flow Index)와 단계별 저수지 수위의 유지 기간을 통합한 가뭄대응 단계별 해제기법을 개발하였다. 최적 해제기준 도출을 위해 낙동강 다목적댐을 대상으로 다양한 가뭄해제 시나리오를 선정하고 가뭄대응 단계별 해제기준에 대한 정량적 효과를 분석하여 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Based on major safety-related statistics of cities, provinces, counties, and districts across the country, social disasters manage regional safety index ratings in six areas(traffic accidents, fires, crime, life safety, suicide, and infectious diseases), and natural disasters operate a management system. The current application of the regional safety assessment of natural disasters is very insufficient to evaluate the local risk of natural disasters up to the Eup, Myeon, and Dong level, and it is marked too engineering and difficult for the general public to use. The purpose of this study is to present Korea's natural disaster local risk assessment as an improvement model that extends to the sub-unit of Eup, Myeon, and Dong, using the local risk assessment model mixed with natural and social disasters.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of Korean Patient Classification System for nurses(KPCS-1), to estimate nursing time conversion index, and to classify patients into groups according to KPCS-1 scores. Methods: KPCS-1 was revised from KPCS by a professional review team. Interrater reliability and construct validity of KPCS-1 were verified by data from 433 patients. Direct and indirect nursing time of 204 patients were measured by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Nursing time conversion index was calculated. Results: KPCS-1 consisted of 12 area, 50 nursing activities, and 73 items. The interrater reliability was tested between two nurse group (r=.88, p<.001) and construct validity was verified according to medical department (F=10.97, p<.001) and patient pattern (F=5.54, p=.001). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.56, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 9.03 minutes per 1 classification score. The patients were classified into 4 groups by the classification scores. Conclusion: KPCS-1 can be a useful factor type patient classification system for general ward. Further study is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to develop ways connecting the scores with nursing outcomes.