• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.394-403
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• 2007

In this study, the effects of reciprocal peer questioning (RPQ) strategy upon students' concept learning were investigated. Ninety-two seventh graders at a co-ed middle school were assigned to control, reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT), and RPQ groups. The students were taught about 'three states of matter' and 'motion of molecules' for 12 class hours. Regardless of students' prior science achievement level, the RPQ group showed the highest scores among the three groups in the test of conceptual understanding, and the RPT group performed better than the control group. For high-level students, the scores of the RPQ group were significantly higher than those of the other groups in the test of the concept application, and those of the RPT group were higher than those of the control group. For low-level students, the scores of the RPT and RPQ groups in the concept application test were significantly higher than those of the control group, while those of the RPT and RPQ groups were not significantly different. These results indicated that verbal interaction by reciprocal tutoring helped students to understand chemical concept learning, and that using self-generated questions was more effective. Therefore, RPQ strategy is suggested to become one of the useful instructional methods to facilitate verbal interaction and concept learning in middle school science instructions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 시각자극에 의하여 안구 운동 시 뇌의 학습, 인지, 집중력을 활성화시키기 위하여 무한대 회로($\infty$)를 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 뇌파 유도를 하기 위한 무한대 회로($\infty$)는 LED 모양을 하고 있으며 이것을 실행시키기 위하여 LabView 프로그램을 사용하였다. 시각자극을 제시하기 위하여 LED의 수를 각각 26, 51, 101개로 구분하였고 점멸 시간은 50, 150, 250㎳로 하였다. 시각 자극 제시 조건의 변화에 의하여 유도되는 뇌파를 Fz, Cz, Pz, Fpl, O1, O2 부위에서 측정한 결과 LED의 수가 적고 점멸 시간이 길어질수록 $\beta$파의 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이 결과는 LED의 점멸 움직임의 불연속적인 요인에 의하여 $\beta$파의 비율이 증가했을 것이라 생각한다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 결론을 역이용하여 원하는 뇌파를 유도할 수 있는 시각 제시 방법이 완성되어 진다면, 이는 뇌기능 장애 환자의 재활이나 학습 장애의 아동에게 있어 효과적인 방법이 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-71
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• 1995

A psychological disturbance caused by letters in double image was termed as'letter sickness'.The effects of stimulus exposure time and letter familiarity on the letter sickness were measured to test a hypothesis that disturbances in eye movement and recognition stages is the cause of letter sickness.Letter sickness incteased significantly as stimulus exposure time lengthened from 50ms,100ms,to 3000ms.It was also significantly higher with familiar Hangul letters as compared with less familiar foreign letters and meaningless words as compared with meaningful words,respectively.These experimental findings imply that letter sickness is caused by the failure of adjusting eye movements to dismiss the double images.that the more familiar the letters.the more strongly the letter-identification process is commotted,resulting in the increased effect of disturbance from double image.and that the disturbance effect of double image is amplified when it is hard to extract the meaning from familiar letters.An experiment where subjects were made to learn Braille-like symbols consisting of 6 dots to test the hypothesis that the stronger the tendency to process the meaning of a symbol,the stronger becomes letter sickness due to double image,also showed that letter sickness significantly increased as a function of learning.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.699-706
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' conceptions and conceptual types on molecular kinetic theory of gases. Data was collected by a series of semi-structured and in-depth interviews, and has been analyzed. This study showed that the students came to science classes with various prior conceptions of many disciplinary topics. Their conceptual types of their prior knowledge were distinguished as superficial terms-speaking, partial sense-making, and causal sense-making by the degrees of organization and elaboration of conceptual networks. These conceptual types had influence on the ways students understand and think of science, a stability of their conceptions, a tendency to distinguish school science from everyday science, and building a meaning of concept in contexts. It was referred that the students didn't have proper understanding on the nature of scientific knowledge and had been limited their participations as active learners. Therefore, in order for students to experience conceptual change, they must have opportunities of manifesting their own thinking, taking part in discussions, and promoting their motivations and metacognition of knowing and learning science.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 2006

As we encounter the global and localized era, the development operations on a regional level are in active promotion. This manuscript has been completed with the purpose of probing for course of action in lifelong learning movement in terms of activating and developing of local communities. For this, the comparative analysis of practiced cases in America's community school movement, Japan's movement for establishing lifelong learning village and Sweden's study circle movement have been made. For the analytical frame of the comparison, the actual results on background of promotion, themes for practice, details of practice, methods for practice of local community centered lifelong learning movement have been applied. As a result of analysis, the local community centered lifelong learning movement has been promoted to break each country's social and economic crisis and to activate the local community. The promotion of each operation has been accomplished with the support of specific organization and the participants were the citizens of the local community. Also, the details of practice are composed of operating the people-centered lifelong learning program, cooperative learning by local citizens and local community realization activity. The details of education is closely related with the life of learners. Therefore, the lifelong movement for the activation of local community hereafter should be promoted based on the coherence of local community, should be able to contain the actual life of the citizens and should be practiced as a process of forming the lifelong learning group at concerned local community through a democratic learning process.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2021

Recently, in the field of education, various attempts have been made to apply virtual reality technology to an educational field and use it as an educational medium. Accordingly, in the science subject area, it is necessary to simulate science experiments that can make various and active experiments out of various limitations such as space and situation by using virtual reality environment construction technology. In this study, after selecting a physics course from a science subject, an experimental simulation using a parabolic motion formula, one of physical phenomena, is implemented in a virtual space, and then used in actual physics education based on the learning standards of the STEAM theory. Prove this is possible. Through this, it was confirmed that a specific educational model using virtual reality space can be designed, and it shows that education can be conducted with more effective educational methods in various subjects of education through the combination of traditional educational model and modern technology. Regarding the results of the research, it suggests the possibility of future research plans and practical use in the educational field.

• The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction (JLCCI)
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-105
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• 2019

As energy transition accelerates and transition politics intensifies, the strategy and pathway of energy transition are becoming an issue. And there is a growing interest in energy democracy as a discourse criticizing market-led energy transition and seeking fundamental restructuring of energy system. However, the imaginations of energy democracy are different from each other as a social movement discourse and a criterion for political evaluation of energy transition. This study aims to analyze the issues of energy democracy and reinterpret them from the perspective of the Commons. As various social movements are connected, energy democracy includes elements of localization, decentralization, liberalization, commoning and socialization that can conflict with each other in terms of transition strategy. In addition, the imagination of the subject of energy transition is diverging between investors, consumers, workers, and energy citizens. Thinking about energy infrastructure as the Commons in this situation helps to understand the critical issues of energy democracy and to imagine new transition experiments. Energy democracy implies that the new commons are being created across the scale of energy infrastructure in the contention of the transition to a decentralized renewable energy system.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.211-224
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate exchange between companies and rural communities in 1 company - 1 village campaign and assess functions of NACF(National Agricultural Cooperative Federation)'s 'I Farm Love' as intermediary organization. The result shows that Korea companies participated in 1 company - 1 village campaign to understand rural area and revitalize economic condition in rural community. Most of exchange programs are volunteer works and direct dealing of farm products. The functions of NACF was highly assessed as an informant and intermediary. However establishing networks or promoting exchanges between corporation and rural village were low assessed. It is necessary of NACF to make up for advanced mediation and intermediary between rural villages and companies so that 1 company - 1 village campaign become corporate community investment. Moreover functions to develop programs suited characteristic of companies and set up networks of multi-stakeholders are needed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.339-349
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to explore effective teaching strategies through an investigation of the problem-solving abilities and reasons for the unsuccessful problem solving of pre-service teachers. The participants of the study were 60 pre-service teachers who were expected to teach earth science in elementary school (40) and secondary school (20). The participants had taken a course in astronomy before they took part in the present study. The instruments for the study were a paper-and-pencil test and interviews. The results demonstrated that the pre-service teachers' abilities to solve problems were low. The pre-service teachers of the elementary school were inferior to those of the secondary school in their problem solving abilities. The causes for the unsuccessful problem solving were identified as follows: (1) lack of prerequisite knowledge to understand the motions of the moon and the planets, (2) failure to represent problems based on solution principles, (3) failure to apply the knowledge acquired in one setting to another, different setting, (4) frames of reference the frameworks for everyday life situation and for earth science problem situation, and (5) rote-memorization of facts rather than understanding the cause-and-effect relationships. The above causes for unsuccessful problem solving seemed to be related to the characteristics of novice problem solvers in general and of the tasks about the motions of the moon and the planets. Suggestions are made to enhance pre-service teachers' problem solving abilities based on the result of the study.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.97-105
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• 1984

Effect of water extract of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) from Nagano prefecture on (1) forced exercise in mice using rope climbing test, (2) extinction of memory in hanging stressed mice and rectal temperature during the exposure to hanging stress, (3) sex and learning behavior of chronic hanging stressed mice, (4) sex cycle in the adult female mice using chronic hanging stress, and (5) motor coordination and one trial passive avoidance response in $40\%$ alcohol administered mice using rotar-rod and step-through tests, were studied. Drugs tested were given orally. (1) When it was given before the forced exercise, it potentiated the performance of the forced exercise. When it was given just after the forced exercise once a day for 2 weeks, it protected the mice against the reduction of the performance on the forced exercise. (2) When it was given just after the stress once a day for 4 days, it delayed the extinction of passive avoidance response in both step through and stepdown tests, and protected the stressed mice against the decrease in rectal temperature slightly. (3) It protected the stressed mice against the decrease of sex behaviour and the increase in the failure of performance of passive avoidance response, and delayed the extinction of passive avoidanc