• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2006

Suspended particulate matter and organic carbon were measured in the Mankyoung river estuary in February, May, July and August 2003. There was a large variance in river discharge between the dry season of February and May and the wet season of July and August. The influx of dissolved organic carbon into the estuary was $8.16{\times}10^2tonC\;month^{-1}$ in the dry season and $5.77{\times}10^3tonC\;month^{-1}$ in the wet season. The influx of particulate organic carbon was $9.37{\times}10^2tonC\;month^{-1}$ and $3.14{\times}10^4tonC\;month^{-1}$ in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Especially, dissolved organic carbon in the northern part of the site inside the dike was increased in July when torrential rainfall was high. In the research, the distribution of dissolved organic carbon showed conservative behavior with the salinity gradient in the estuary, suggesting that physical mixing between seawater and freshwater dominates the distribution pattern of the dissolved organic carbon in the system. However 60 to 90% of the particulate organic carbon introduced into the estuary was removed from the surface water at the upper estuarine mixing zone of low salinities, showing non-conservative behavior similar with suspended particulate matte r. The completion of the Saemangum Dike is likely to inhibit the exchange of materials between open sea and the Mankyoung estuary. This suggests that the oxidation of organic carbon in the bottom of the estuary may exhaust dissolved oxygen in the confined environment.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.180-191
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• 2015

Marine environmental characteristics and primary productivity of phytoplankton were investigated in seaweed bed of northwestern coast of Jeju Island during Autumn, 2014. The trophic state based on dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus was mesotrophic. The Redfield ratio was less than 16, indicating that nitrogen was the limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton. Dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus accounts for 63 and 46% of the dissolved total nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Light utilization efficiency (${\alpha}$) and maximum photosynthetic capacity ($P_m{^B}$) were highest in the Donggwi (third-year marine forest), followed by Gonae (one-year marine forest), Biyangdo (natural seaweed bed) and Geumneung (whitening area). The primary productivity of phytoplankton in the Donggwi, Gonae and Biyangdo also was higher than that in the Geumneung. Although nitrogen is the limiting factor, enriched dissolved organic nitrogen might play an important role to maintain primary productivity. In addition, phytoplankton community through photosynthesis could produce about 14% of phytoplankton carbon in one hour. These results will be able to use the important information for material cycle and ecological valuation of seaweed bed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2021

산업 고도화로 인하여 복잡하고 다양한 유기물의 사용량이 증가하였으며, 공공수역 내 새로운 오염물질이 유입됨에 따라 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD) 중심의 수질평가에 한계를 나타내었다. 이후 난분해성 물질을 고려한 유기물관리 정책과 총량관리의 필요성이 제기되었고 국내 하천과 호소에서는 총 유기탄소(TOC)를 유기물 관리지표로 설정하였다. 그러나 부영양 하천과 호소에서 TOC는 외부 부하뿐만아니라 식물플랑크톤의 과잉성장에 의해 증가할 수 있는 항목이므로 TOC 관리정책 추진을 위해서는 유기물의 기원에 대한 파악이 필요하다. 특히, 국내 하천에서 나타나고 있는 난분해성 유기물 오염도의 증가 추세에 대응한 실효성 있는 유기물 오염관리 정책을 수립하기 위해서는 다양한 유기물의 근원을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 금강 수계 최대 상수원인 대청호를 대상으로 3차원 수리-수질 모델을 적용하여 유기탄소 성분 별 유입과 유출, 내부생성 및 소멸량을 평가하고 저수지시스템에서의 유기탄소 물질수지를 해석하는 데 있다. 유기탄소 물질수지 해석을 위해 AEM3D 모델을 사용하였으며 2017년을 대상으로 입력자료를 구축한 후 보정을 수행하였고 2018년을 대상으로 모델을 검정하였다. 모델은 유기탄소를 입자성, 용존성, 그리고 난분해성과 생분해성으로 구분하여 모의하며 유기물질 성상별 실험결과를 이용하여 입력자료를 구축하였다. 유기탄소 물질수지 해석을 위해 4가지의 탄소성분과 조류 세포 내 탄소의 질량 변화율을 계산하였다. 이를 위해 외부 유입·유출부하율, 수체 내 생성(일차생산, 재부상, 퇴적물과 수체 간 확산) 및 소멸률(POC 및 조류 침강, DOC 무기화, 탈질)을 고려하였다. 모델은 2017년과 2018년의 물수지를 적절히 재현하였으며 저수지의 성층구조를 잘 재현해내면서 전반적인 수온, 수질을 적절하게 모의하였다. 연간 TOC 부하량 중 내부기원 부하량은 2017년 68.4 %, 2018년은 높은 강우량의 영향으로 55.0%로 산정되었다. 내부 소멸 기작 중 침전으로 인한 손실이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 2017년과 2018년 각각 31.3%, 29.0%로 나타났다. TOC의 공간분포는 Chl-a 농도 분포와 유사하게 나타났으며, 댐 설치로 형성된 정체수역은 유역의 유기물 순환에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다. TOC 관리 정책 기초자료 확보를 위해서는 향후 유역-저수지 시스템을 연계한 유기물 물질순환 심층 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-72
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• 2009

In this study, the organic matter and biomass was characterized by using respirometry based on ASM No.2d (Activated Sludge Model No.2d). The activated sludge models are based on the ASM No.2d model, published by the IAWQ(International Association on Water Quality) task group on mathematical modeling for design and operation of biological wastewater treatment processes. For this study, OUR(Oxygen Uptake Rate) measurements were made on filtered as well as non-filtered wastewater. Also, GC-FID and LC analysis were applied for the estimation of VFAs(Volatile Fatty Acids) COD(S_A) in slowly bio-degradable soluble substrates of the ASM No.2d. Therefore, this study was intended to clearly identify slowly bio-degradable dissolved materials(S_S) and particulate materials(X_I). In addition, a method capable of determining the accurate time to measure non-biodegradable COD(S_I), by the change of transition graphs in the process of measuring microbial OUR, was presented in this study. Influent fractionation is a critical step in the model calibrations. From the results of respirometry on filtered wastewater, the fraction of fermentable and readily biodegradable organic matter(S_F), fermentation products(S_A), inert soluble matter(S_I), slowly biodegradable matter(X_S) and inert particular matter(X_I) was 33.2%, 14.1%, 6.9%, 34.7%, 5.8%, respectively. The active heterotrophic biomass fraction(X_H) was about 5.3%.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.473-490
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• 2015

There are diverse sea areas within the coverage of GOCI which is observed around the Korea at one-hour intervals. It includes not only very clear ocean of East Sea, but also extremely turbid waters of the Yangtze River estuary. In this study, we analyzed the different optical characteristics of various sea areas using absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, Suspended Particulate Matter(SPM), Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM). Totally 959 sets of bio-optical and marine environmental data were obtained from 2009 to 2014 around the sea area of Korea. The East Sea, South Sea, East China Sea and offshore part of Yellow Sea showed similar pattern having high levels of contribution of phytoplankton and DOM. On the other hands, the coastal part of Mokpo and Gyeonggi Bay showed opposite pattern having high levels of contribution of SPM and DOM. As a result of the algorithm performance for chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) and SPM, Chl-a is mostly overestimated and SPM is mainly tended to be underestimated. Large amount of errors are induced by the SPM rather than the chl-a and DOM. These errors are primarily founded in the coastal waters having relatively high levels of $a_{SPM}$ contribution of more than 60%.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of OH radicals on organic matter oxidation and suspended solids removal using microbubble as a pre-treatment technique to reduce the organic load of night soil in connection with sewage. The experiment was conducted for three months at HRT 4 hours using pressurized type microbubble generator. The mean SS removal efficiency was achieved 71%. The average removal efficiency of $TCOD_{Cr}$, TBOD, TN and TP were achieved for 51.5%, 47.9%, and 14.7% respectively, as scum and SS were removed by flotation separation. The removal efficiency of soluble organic matters were 25.0%, 17.1% for $SCOD_{Cr}$, SBOD by air microbubble supply. Soluble nitrogen and phosphorus were removed average of 11.9% and 7.4%, respectively. As s result, it was confirmed that soluble organic matters were removed by air microbubble supplied. Generated OH radicals when the microbubble was collapsed, can decompose the soluble organic matters. Therefore, The microbubble flotation process was installed at the front of night soil treatment process, it will contribute to the stable operation of the subsequent biological treatment facility by oxidation of the dissolved organic matters as well as removal of SS by flotation separation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2017

As a drinking water source of 26 millions people of Seoul metropolitan region, Han river is one of the most important basin. Managing the Non-point source pollution which is regarded as the main cause of water pollution including refractory organic matter is important thing. This research investigates the runoff characteristics of organic matters from main 3 rivers (South Han, North Han, Kyungan). Water quality measurement items include not only carbon-based TOC (Total Organic Carbon), DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), POC (Particulate Organic Carbon) but also R-TOC (Refractory Total Organic Carbon), R-DOC (Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon), R-POC (Refractory Particulate Organic Carbon) is researched. The research shows that R-TOC takes approximately 61~83% of TOC. Most of the R-TOC is consist of R-DOC (72~77%). Refractory organic matter have a stable runoff characteristics compared to other organic matter. The organic matter concentrations of South Han river and Kyungan river are the highest in spring time and show a gradual decline. The concentrations of Kyunan river is the highest. Kyungan river's small area and the high city land use ratio seem to be the reason. Loading of organic matter in summer time takes the most loading (62~84%). TOC loadings per unit area of each river is Kyungan river ($1.22ton/km^2$), South Han river ($1.01ton/km^2$), North Han river ($0.91ton/km^2$).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2023

산업 고도화로 인하여 복잡하고 다양한 유기물의 사용량이 증가하였으며, 공공수역 내 새로운 오염물질이 유입됨에 따라 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD) 중심의 수질평가에 한계를 나타내었다. 이후 난분해성 물질을 고려한 유기물관리 정책과 총량관리의 필요성이 제기되었고 국내 하천과 호소에서는 총 유기탄소(TOC)를 유기물 관리지표로 설정하였다. 그러나 부영양 하천과 호소에서 TOC는 외부 부하뿐만아니라 식물플랑크톤의 과잉성장에 의해 증가할 수 있는 항목이므로 TOC 관리정책 추진을 위해서는 유기물의 기원에 대한 파악이 필요하다. 한편, 우리나라와 같이 몬순 기후대에 속한 댐 저수지의 경우 강우시 유입하는 탁수에 의해 다량의 유기물과 인이 유입되기도 하지만 식물플랑크톤의 제한요인 중 광량에 많은 영향을 미친다. 식물플랑크톤의 광합성은 수체 내 유기탄소 내부생성에 매우 중요한 요소이나 점 단위의 실험적 방법을 활용한 유기탄소 순환 해석은 저수지의 시·공간적인 변동성을 고려하기에 한계가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 금강 수계 최대 상수원인 대청호를 대상으로 3차원 수리-수질 모델을 적용하여 유기탄소 성분 별 유입과 유출, 내부생성 및 소멸량을 평가하고 탁수가 저수지에서의 유기탄소 순환에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 유기탄소 물질수지 해석을 위해 AEM3D 모델을 사용하였으며 2018년을 대상으로 입력자료를 구축한 후 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 모델은 유기탄소를 입자성, 용존성, 그리고 난분해성과 생분해성으로 구분하여 모의하며 유기물질 성상별 실험결과를 이용하여 입력자료를 구축하였으며 유기탄소순환 해석을 위해 4가지의 탄소성분과 조류 세포 내 탄소의 질량 변화율을 계산하였다. 이를 위해 외부 유입·유출부하율, 수체 내 생성(일차생산, 재부상, 퇴적물과 수체 간 확산) 및 소멸률(POC 및 조류 침강, DOC 무기화, 탈질)을 고려하였으며 탁수의 영향을 분석하기 위해 탁수 포함여부 시나리오를 구성하고 유기탄소 생성 및 소멸기작별 변동성을 비교 분석하였다. 모델은 2018년의 물수지를 적절히 재현하였으며 저수지의 수온 및 탁도 성층구조를 잘 재현해내면서 전반적인 수질을 적절하게 모의하였다. 탁수를 고려하였을 시 연간 TOC 부하량 중 내부기원 부하량은 56% 수준이였으나 탁수를 배제한 경우 내부기원 부하량은 82%로 나타났다. 특히, 연평균 Chl-a 농도가 44~48% 차이가 발생하면서 1차생산량이 약 4배가량 증가하였다. 몬순지역에서의 탁수는 체류시간이 긴 성층 저수지에서 식물플랑크톤 성장제어에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 전반적인 유기탄소 순환을 해석하는데 있어 매우 중요한 인자로 작용하였다.

• 수도
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• v.23 no.6 s.81
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• pp.30-35
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• 1996

조류의 성장에 기인하여 대청호로부터 발생된 이취미와 천연유기물질의 제거를 위해 활성탄 흡착에 관한 파일롯 플랜트연구를 수행하였다. 대청호원수의 용존유기물질 농도는 1.5-3.5mg/1으로 나타났고, 이취미를 유발시킨 주 성분인 Geosmin농도는 가을에 60ng/1 이상이 검출되었다. 이는 8월말부터 발생하기 시작하여 10월말 까지 지속되었다. 이는 8월말부터 발생하기 시작하여 10월말 까지 지속되었다. 한국수자원공사 대청수도내 파일롯 플랜트는 재래식정수처리 시스템에 오존산화공정, 4개의 입상활성탄 흡착탑으로 구성되었다. 공탑체류시간(EBCT) 15분 이상에서, 이취미 발생기간동안 GAC 3지와 4지에서 이취미는 완전히 제거되었다. 활성탄 원료 종류별 DOC제거를 위한 파일롯연구에서 석탄계 활성탄으로 충진한 GAC 3지와 4지는 운전 3개월 후에 파괴되기 시작하였고, 이 후 4개월의 운전동안 약 40-50%의 일정한 제거효율을 보여주었다. 야자계 활성탄으로 충진된 GAC 2지는 2개월의 운전 후에 완전히 파괴되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

In this paper, an analysis of the inflowing pollution load of the rivers in Hampyeong bay showed the average organic matter pollution loads of BOD, COD, and TOC to be 79.7 kg-BOD/day, 144.06 kg-COD/day, and 93.0 kg-TOC/day, respectively. The inflowing organic matter pollution load was the heaviest in Sonbul dike, followed by Jupo bridge and Yangman complex. With regard to season, the load characteristics were outstanding in July, the rainy period in the summer. The average inflowing pollution loads of nutrients were 20.9 kg-DIN/day, 17.1 kg-DIP/day, 148 kg-TN/day, and 37.4 kg-TP/day A comparison of the inflowing nutrients loads for each river showed the load to be the heaviest in Yangman complex, followed by Baegok bridge and Jupo bridge. In the experiment on the material budgets of Hampyeong bridge conducted using a box model, the detention time of fresh water was found to be 52.4 days, with the bay displaying the characteristics of a so dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the nutrients material budgets, ${\Delta}DIN$ values were found to be negative, indicating the tendency of consumption and open sea leak by photosynthesis to be higher than the nitrogen that flowed in. As for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), ${\Delta}DIP$ showed positive values, indicating a tendency for accumulation as the supply through organic matter decomposition, elution load of sediments, and inflowing load of the river turned out to be higher than the consumption by phytoplankton and outflow to open sea.