• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a lava flow simulation program to predict the range of lava flows area and thickness of lava flows during volcanic eruptions. The map information is represented as a 'cell' with observed values per fixed area such as DEM and a lava flow prediction algorithm using a cellular automata model is performed to predict the flow of lava flows. To obtain quantitative data of lava flows, fluid properties of lava flows are defined as Bingham plastic fluid and derived equation is applied to the rules of cellular automata. To verify the program, we use a 30m resolution DEM provided by USGS. We compared simulation results with real lava flows for the Pu'u'O'o crater area in Hawaii, which has erupted since May 24, 2016.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2012

In order to examine geomorphic characteristics such as form and retreat process of waterfalls in Jeju Island, 26 waterfalls were classified based upon materials forming a fall face. The waterfalls could be categorized into three types such as single unit, multiple units and basal soft-rock based upon the number and type of a lava flow. A block fall, composed of a pile of large blocks, could be added to the typology of waterfalls in Jeju Island. While the single unit fall is distributed in a region of trachyte or trachyandecite, the multiple units fall and basal soft-rock fall are largely developed in a region of basalt or trachybasalt. A retreat process of the single unit fall is an inclination or a replacement, but the basal soft-rock fall shows a parallel retreat. The multiple units fall exhibits three types of a retreat process according to the physical properties of a lava flow. The fall face is generally vertical due to well-developed vertical joints of a lava flow.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2021

A lava dome and sheet lava flow can be observed at the seashore of Aewol, Jeju island. The cylindrical lobes are characterized by a concentric structure consisting of a massive core and radial joints. Columnar joints with different thickness between the upper and lower parts are developed in the sheet lava flow around the rock salt field in Goeomri. The upper part of the columnar joints is uneven in shape, and has a diameter of 120-150 cm. The lower part of the columnar joints is hexagonal and pentagonal in shape, and has a diameter of about 60 cm. The cylindrical lobes can be divided into two groups based on size and shape. One is a megalobe, with a semicircular outline and a maximum diameter of 30 m. The other is a circular lobe with a diameter of less than 10 m. The columns in the radial joints have hexagonal and pentagonal cross sections and gradually increasing diameter, outward from the core, to a size of 80-120 cm at the rim. The concentric structure observed in the cylindrical lavas is attributable to a combination of four factors. The first is a circular crack caused by the decrease of the temperature and density difference between the inside and outside of the cylindrical lava flow. The second is a concentric chisel mark of the radial joints, which formed at the same time as the radial joints. The third is a flow band, which is a trace left in a round passage when lava flows through. The fourth is a vesicular band formed in a cave by gas bubbles escaping from the lava flow.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.25
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• pp.15-29
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• 1991

빌레못동굴의 경관은 화려하거나 웅장하지는 못하나 비교적 다양하다고 하겠다. 즉 빌레못동굴이 만장굴보다도 복잡한 경관을 이루고 있다. 사실상 빌레못동굴의 동굴지형이 복잡하게 만들어진 것은 빌레못동굴이 전개되고 있는 원지형이 아직 용암류에 덮여지기 이전에 기복이 많은 요철지형을 이루고 있었기 때문이라고 판단된다. 따라서 그 복잡한 지표면을 용암류가 흘러덮었기 때문에 오늘날 빌레못동굴의 형태가 다양한 복잡성을 이루고 있는 것이다. 또한 복잡한 지표면 때문에 그위를 흘러내린 용암류가 서로 교차하기도 하고 때로는 엉켜있는 동굴의 경관도 이루게 한 것이다. 요컨대 빌레못동굴은 미로형태의 동굴형을 이루고 있을 뿐만 아니라 소규모적인 경관을 나타내고 있다. 좀더 자세한 동굴경관을 살펴보기 위하여 다음과 같이 제1,2,3 구간으로 구분하였다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2009

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information to increase the practical use of soil survey data through the subdividing of lava shapes with soil sequences due to different elevations in Jeju. The numbers of soil series of lava topography had occupied many of whole soil series in Jeju. When its topography subdivide, it give more detailed soil information. The obtained results are as follows; The lava topography to subdivide lava topography were studied with 38 soil series according to elevation in Jeju. Division of elevation are less than 50m, 50m to 200m, and 200m to 400m and more than 400m. Name the depending on elevation, less than 50m is called lower part of lava, 50m to 200m is called middle part of lava, and 200m to 400m and more than 400m are called upper part of lava. The characteristics of lava subdivide are as follows; soil family texture of lower part of lava is fine silty to clayey, drainage classes are various, average of available soil depth is 75.3cm, average of gravely contents are 11.6%, average of slopeness is 7.2%, limiting factor are various and soil order are various. soil family texture of middle part of lava is fine silty to coarse silty, drainage classes are well to very well, average of available soil depth is 65.9cm, average of gravely contents are 14.7%, average of slopeness is 11.3%, limiting factor are ashy and soil order are Andisols and Inceptisols. Soil family texture of upper part of lave is fine silty, drainage classes are well, average of available soil depth is 72.8cm, average of gravely contents are 16.0%, average of slopeness is 14.9%, limiting factor are ashy and skeletal, and order are Andisols.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.44 no.45
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• pp.41-48
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• 1996

한라산을 중심한 제주도에는 수많은 용암류가 흘러 제주도를 형성하고 있다. 한라산 정상 화구에서 혹은 수많은 기생화산 화구에서 용암이 흘러 내려 이 용암지역에 수많은 용암동굴이 형성되고 있다. 세계에는 용암동굴이 1,000개소가 있고 그 중 50%가 미국의 서부에, 이탈리아에 186개, 후지산에 100개, 제주도에는 70개 정도가 알려지고 있다. 제주도 동,서 사면에는 광대한 용암대지가 있다. 점성이 작고 유동성이 강한 표선 현무암층이 분포한 관계로 세계적인 용암동굴 지대를 형성하고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.60-67
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• 1997

한라산을 중심한 제주도에는 수많은 용암류가 흘러 제주도를 형성하고 있다. 한라산 정상 화구에서 흑은 수많은 기생화산 화구에서 용암이 흘러 내려 이 용암지역에 수많은 용암동굴이 형성되고 있다. 세계에는 용암동굴이 1,000개소가 있고 그 중 50%가 미국의 서부에, 이탈리아에 186개, 후지산에 100개, 제주도에는 70개 정도가 알려지고 있다. 제주도 동, 서 사면에는 장대한 용암대지가 있다. 점성이 작고 유동성이 강한 표선 현무암층이 분포한 관계로 세계적인 용암동굴 지대를 형성하고 있다.(중략)

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.184-195
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• 2003

Hawaii Island makes up of five volcanos of Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. They are big shield volcanoes rising above the Pacific ocean floor and final two volcanoes provide a natural laboratory for the study of active volcanoes. Mauna Loa is the largest single volcano on earth. At the submmit is an oval-shaped Mokuaweoweo caldera, from which two rift zones extend to the southwest and northeast, and in the medial part are the longest lava tube systems in the world. Kilauea has been formed largely by eruption along southwest and eastern rift zones extending from Kilauea caldera at the submmit. On the eastern rift zone, spectacularly, the 1989-1974 eruption of Kilauea at Mauna Ulu crater formed the Mauna Ulu lava flow field. The 1983-1986 eruption of aa flows at Puu Oo crater, and the activities of pahoehoe flows during 1986-1990 at Kupaianaha crater and during 1991-recent at the Puu Oo has produced the Puu Oo and Kupaianaha lava flow field.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2002

This study has been designed to elucidate the petrography and geochemical characteristics of the Taeheung-ri lava in southeastern Jeju Island. The lava is divided into the alkaline basalt and tholeiitic basalt. More than 4 layers of tholeiitic basalt are overlain by layers of alkaline basalt. Compared with alkaline basalt, tholeiitic basalt has lower contents of $K_2O$, $P_2O_5$, Ba and Ta, but slight higher contents of $SiO_2$ and CaO. The contents of Ba and Rb of all basalts are enriched, but those of Ni and Cr are depleted compared with primitive mantle compositions. All basalts show inclined chondrite-normalized REE patterns with LREE enriched more than HREE and alkaline basalt has relatively higher. The basalts of this study area are plotted in the field of within plate basalt on the tectonomagmatic discrimination diagram. Tholeiitic basalt has higher ratios of Zr/Nb, Y/Nb, and $Al_2O_3/P_2O_5$ than alkaline basalt. Both tholeiitic and alkaline basalt are similar in their K/Ba ratios. The geochemical data suggest that the parental magma of both basalts might be produced by different degrees of partial melting of similar source mantle. The tholeiitic basalt formed by higher degree of partial melting than the alkaline basalt.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2021

The Hyeongjeseom (Islet) is an erosional remnant of volcano which is located about 2 km northeast of sea shore of the Songaksan tuff ring, and is composed of volcaniclastic deposit, agglomerate and scoria deposit, ponded lava, aa lava flows, reworked deposit and beach deposit in ascending order from the base. The volcano is formed by volcaniclastic deposits and lava flows that recorded a transition from initial phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosions followed by lava effusion. It is interpreted that the outcropped volcaniclastic deposit may be a remaining portion of outer ring of a tuff cone. A bomb and a ponded lava yield geochemically basaltic trachyandesite compositions (SiO2 51.3 wt%, Na2O+K2O 6.0 wt%) and belong to olivine basalt with scarce (<5 %) phenocrysts of olivine, petrographically. By incremental heating Ar-Ar dating method, the plateau age of lava flow in the Heongjesom is 9.2±3.6(2σ) ka, implying that the volcanism of Heongjeseom may have occurred earlier than the Songaksan tuff ring which erupted ca. 3.7 ka. It still remains a task to find a volcano which matches with a historical record of volcanic activity that occurred a thousand years ago.