• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2013

Assessment in music therapy is a vital part for both the therapist and client in the process of therapy. Based on what is assessed, objectives are identified to formulate specific action procedures and strategies. The existing assessment tools involve lists of skills and behaviors in developmental domains without the music assessment protocol. In this study, the authors attempted to develop an assessment protocol using rhythm production for assessing skills in cognitive and emotional-behavior domain, namely Music Therapy Assessment for Cognitive and Emotional Behaviors (MACEB). The test items of the MACEB-Rhythm were developed using rhythmic patterns varying in terms of item difficulty, which are based on the various degree of clarity in the grouping/gestalt, saliency in part-whole relationship, and complexity in repetition vs. variability. Also the developed tool purported to examine one's level of emotional behavior trait by analyzing performance of musical parameters such as tempo, pacing, and loudness in the reproduced output. In order to verify the logical sequencing of test items, firstly 61 subjects participated in verifying the item difficulty for the selected 15 pilot items. The test items were revised and re-sequenced based on the gathered scores of item difficulty. In the second procedure, seven experts in the fields of music education, music therapy and music psychology whose research interest lie in music cognition revised the developed rhythm protocol items focusing on learning sequence, cognitive process and feasibility for skills assessment. The study attempted to provide foundations for using rhythm as an assessment protocol prior to its verification of assessment validity and reliability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.630-643
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• 2020

Recently, consumers have changed their role to consumers and producers who make what they want. The way clothes are produced is also needed to change according to modern consumption methods. Knitting Machine was one of them, and although it was a mass-produced device, it developed a device that could make clothes anywhere on a small production craze. Knit-making requires more consideration than other clothing designs, which requires consideration of users' web usability. Therefore, this study proposes an assessment tool that can evaluate web usability of clothing-making sites using knitting machines. To this end, the examples of the Knitting Machine program and custom product production websites and the each UI were investigated and analyzed. Based on these prior surveys, the draft evaluation items were drawn, and three Delphi surveys were conducted on the basis of the draft to produce assessment tools after classifying, modifying and deleting items. Through this study, we look forward to improving the usability of the customized product-making website of Knitting Machine in the future and popularizing the Knitting Machine.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.237-260
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• 2014

This research aims to find out what pre-service teachers are seriously concerned about and what they contemplated during the process of discovering the meanings of teaching, and to reveal the meanings compiled by the pre-service teachers. Furthermore, this research intends to identify the elements considered to help the pre-service teachers continue to construct the meanings of teaching in the education for pre-service daycare teachers by reviewing the process of contemplation. To do so, this study selected a target group of 29 seniors of M University who took the class of 'Teaching Method for Young children' given in the first semester of 2012 and 'Child Care and teaching Practice' given in the second semester of 2012. Research data collection was done based on the paper materials on participant observation, interview, student journals and professor feedbacks and small group discussion. According to the research, the pre-service teachers created the meanings of teaching as they experience confusion between one extreme to another of power and looking easy, having children focused and being focused, just giving and leaving and discrimination and equality. They considered teaching as a process of continuous reconstruction by choosing the best place between the opposites within the context of teaching and understood that teaching is to respect the right of learning for children and at the same time to make efforts to develop inner-self. In addition, to support the pre-service daycare teachers in their efforts to find the nature of teaching in the education program, it is required to review the teaching process from a variety of aspects in the atmosphere where they are not afraid of confusion, and to provide time to meditate alone and share ideas with others.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

In this work, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/polyetherimide (PEI) blends were cured using 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM). And the effects of addition of different PEI contents to neat DGEBA were investigated in the thermal properties and fracture toughness of the blends. The contents of contents of containing PEI were varied in 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 phr. The cure activation energies ($E_a$) of the cured specimens were determined by Kissinger equation and the mechanical interfacial properties of the specimens were performed by critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$). Also their surfaces were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the surface energetics of blends was determined by contact angles. As a result, $E_a$ and $K_{IC}$ showed maximum values in the 7.5 phr PEI. This result was interpreted in the increment of the network structure of DGEBA/PEI blends. Also, the surface energetics of the DGEBA/PEI blends showed a similar behavior with the results of $K_{IC}$. This was probably due to the improving of specific or polor component of the surface free energy of DGEBA/PEI blends, resulting in increasing the hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl and imide groups of the blends.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

An analysis of emotional English utterances with 7 emotions (calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgust, surprised) was conducted using the measurement of prosodic distance between 672 emotional and 48 neutral utterances. Applying the technique proposed in the automatic evaluation model of English pronunciation to the present study on emotional utterances, Euclidean distance measurement of 3 prosodic elements such as F0, intensity and duration extracted from emotional and neutral utterances was utilized. This paper, furthermore, extended the analytical methods to include Euclidean distance normalization, z-score and z-score normalization resulting in 4 groups of measurement schemes (sqrF0, sqrINT, sqrDUR; norsqrF0, norsqrINT, norsqrDUR; sqrzF0, sqrzINT, sqrzDUR; norsqrzF0, norsqrzINT, norsqrzDUR). All of the results from perceptual analysis and acoustical analysis of emotional utteances consistently indicated the greater effectiveness of norsqrF0, norsqrINT and norsqrDUR, among 4 groups of measurement schemes, which normalized the Euclidean measurement. The greatest acoustical change of prosodic information influenced by emotion was shown in the values of F0 followed by duration and intensity in descending order according to the effect size based on the estimation of distance between emotional utterances and neutral counterparts. Tukey Post Hoc test revealed 4 homogeneous subsets (calm

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.571-578
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• 2013

The IHO S-100 is a standard on the universal hydorgraphic data model for supporting information services that integrate various data in maritime and provide proper information for safety of vessels. The S-100 is used to develop S-10x product specifications which are standards on guideline for creation and delivery of specific data set in maritime. The product specification for feature-based data such as ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) data includes a feature catalogue that describes characteristics of features in that feature-based data. The feature catalogue is developed by domain experts with knowledge on data of the target domain. However, it is not feasible to develop a feature catalogue according to the XML schema by manual. In the IHO TSMAD committee meeting, needs of developing technology on building feature catalogue has been discussed. Therefore, we present a feature catalogue builder that is a GUI(Graphic User Interface) system supporting domain experts to build feature catalogues in XML. The feature catalogue builder is developed to connect with the FCD(Feature Concept Dictionary) register in the IHO(International Hydrographic Organization) GI(Geographic Information) registry. Also, it supports domain experts to select proper feature items based on the relationships between register items.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2002.03b
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• pp.127-141
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• 2002

GIS환경에서 도시모형(urban model)의 적용을 목적으로 사회·경제적 데이터(socio-economic data)를 활용하는 과정은 도시현상이 갖는 복잡성과 변동성으로 인해 하나의 특정시간에서의 상황을 그대로 저장한 형태인 스냅샷 모형(snapshot model)만으로는 효율적인 공간분석의 실행이 불가능하다. 또한 도시모형을 적용하는 과정에서 GIS의 대상이 되는 공간, 속성, 시간의 정의는 분석목적에 따라 다르게 정의되어질 수 있으며 이에 따라 상이한 결과가 도출될 수 있다. 본 연구는 30년 간의 부산시 인구분포의 동적 변화과정 관측을 위해 시간개념을 결합한 Temporal GIS를 구축하고 이를 활용하여 인구밀도모형 및 접근성모형을 적용하는 과정을 통해 보다 효율적이고 다양한 결과를 제시할 수 있는 GIS 활용방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 흔히 공간현상의 계량화와 통계적 기법의 적용을 위한 데이터 처리과정은 많은 오차와 오류를 유발할 수 있다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서는 우선적으로 분석목적에 맞는 데이터의 정의(Data Definition), 적용하고자 하는 모형(Model)의 유용성 검증, 적절한 분석단위의 설정, 결과해석의 객관적 접근 등이 요구된다. 이와 더불어 변동성 파악을 위한 시계열 자료의 효율적 처리를 위한 방법론이 마련되어져야 한다. 즉, GIS환경에서의 도시모형의 적용에 따른 효율성과 효과성의 극대화를 위해서는 분석목적에 맞는 데이터모델의 설정과 공간DB의 구축방법이 이루어져야 하며 분석가능한 데이터의 유형에 대한 충분한 고려와 적용과정에서 분석결과에 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요소들을 미리 검증하여 결정하는 순환적 의사결정과정이 필요하다., 표준패턴을 음표와 비음표의 두개의 그룹으로 나누어 인식함으로써 DP 매칭의 처리 속도를 개선시켰고, 국소적인 변형이 있는 패턴과 특징의 수가 다른 패턴의 경우에도 좋은 인식률을 얻었다.r interferon alfa concentrated solution can be established according to the monograph of EP suggesting the revision of Minimum requirements for biological productss of e-procurement, e-placement, e-payment are also investigated.. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. enteritidis에 대한 키토산의 최소저해농도는 각각 0.1461 mg/mL, 0.2419 mg/mL, 0.0980 mg/mL 및 0.0490 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 2%(v/v) 초산 자체의 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과, B. cereus, L. mosocytogenes, E. eoli에 대해서는 control과 비교시 유의적인 항균효과는 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 S. enteritidis의 경우는 배양시간 4시간까지는 항균활성을 나타내었지만, 8시간 이후부터는 S. enteritidis의 성장이 control 보다 높아져 배양시간 20시간에서는 control 보다 약 2배 이상 균주의 성장을 촉진시켰다.차에 따른 개별화 학습을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 능동적인 참여를 유도하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.향은 패션마케팅의 정의와 적용범위를 축소시킬 수 있는 위험을 내재한 것으로 보여진다. 그런가 하면, 많이 다루어진 주제라

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) curriculum on development of comprehension of basic medical knowledge and quality of semi-structured problem solving including scientific reasoning skill. This scientific reasoning contained five components including: size of simple, design of research cause-effect, construction of risk factor, analysis statistic of data, interpretation of result. Materials and Methods: Seoul National University Dental students (100) participated in this experience during two weeks, 2004. Forty eight multiple-choice questions (MCQ) concerned "Infection Control and Prevention" were asked before and after two sections of Lecture-Based Learning (LBL) and PBL (pretest-posttest control group design). A semi-structured problem in epidemiological research was asked to these students after two sections (posttest-only control group design). Data (mean and SD) were analysed using the t Test for two independent samples (p<.05), comparing PBL versus LBL. Results: Our analyse of scores show no difference between LBL and PBL in the development of comprehension of "Infection Control and Prevention". The quality problem solving (epidemiological research) was significantly different between the two groups (p=.029); specially, two components' scores of reflection on scientific reasoning cause-effect (p=.000) and interpretation of result (p=.001) were significantly better for PBL than for LBL. Conclusion: Theses results indicate that comparing LBL and PBL, PBL curriculum have not been disadvantaged in comprehension of basic knowledge, and have contributed to develop the scientific reasoning in problem solving.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of science education using Korean TSK(Traditional scientific knowledge). In this study, we have developed five Korean TSK units including science concepts, historical knowledge and cultural experience and applied them to 10th graders. The five units are as follows: (1) Calendars(western and eastern), (2) Our traditional sundial, Angbuilgu, (3) A great scientist in the King Sejong Era, (4) Data interpretation of ancient record of natural phenomenon in Korea, and (5) Gyeongbokgung Palace. The analyses included a pre- and post test of students' perception, classroom observation, students' activity sheets, and interview. The results show that the students' perception of Korean TSK has changed toward recognizing the value of Korean TSK as a kind of natural science. They expressed their expectation of Korean TSK in scientific, practical, and emotional perspectives, wherein some students thought the practical and emotional perspectives of Korean TSK as non-scientific characteristics. Students showed five types of worldview about the relationship between Korean TSK and WMS(western modern science). Most students favored and cherished the Korean TSK but at the same time, they were confused about its scientific value. The results support the rethinking of the meaning of science and what students learn in school. We should consider how we teach the Korean TSK to students. It is important that a profound research of the Korean TSK should be continued to make our science education varied.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1502-1523
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• 2012

Recently, there have been growing interest in teachers' professional development since teachers were regarded as a critical factor in the context of the reform efforts. Along with these efforts, educational researchers have continued to implement various programs to improve teachers' subject matter knowledge, beliefs, and their practices. Although considerable researches have been done regarding the efficiency of these programs, most of them have focused on individual teacher's change. However, a "teacher's mind is socially formed" (Edwards, 2001). This perspective indicates that teacher change is necessarily viewed in terms of social mediational process between individual and the social context. This study examines the interactions between teachers and researchers in order to explore the mediational processes and the aspects of collective understanding, which has emerged from the collaborative workshop. The data were collected from small group activities in a workshop and then analyzed using interactional sociolinguistic approach. Futhermore, activity system was employed to describe the social mediational process. The findings show that participating teachers constructed knowledge through conflict regarding collective understanding. This process of collective understanding was mediated by object, rules, and roles within each activity system. Findings from the study suggest that the sociocultural perspectives to teacher education are essential in understanding how teachers learn to teach and that teachers' professional discourse can play a significant role in teachers' professional development.