• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.687-699
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• 2020

The government-led top-down development approach for weapons system faces the problem of technological obsolescence now that technology has rapidly grown. As a result, the government has gradually expanded the corporate-led bottom-up project implementation method to the defense industry. The key success factor of the bottom-up project implementation is the ability of defense companies to plan their technologies. This paper presented a method of analyzing patent data through data mining technique so that domestic defense companies can utilize it for technology planning activities. The main content is to propose corporate selection techniques corresponding to the defense communication-electronics sectors and conduct principal component analysis and cluster analysis for the International Patent Classification. Through this, the technology was classified into four groups based on the patents of nine companies and the representative enterprises of each group were derived.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2021

C-ITS is an intelligent transportation system that can improve transportation convenience and traffic safety by collecting, managing, and providing traffic information between components such as vehicles, road infrastructure, drivers, and pedestrians. In Korea, road infrastructure is being built across the country through the C-ITS project, and various services such as real-time traffic information provision and bus operation management are provided. However, the current state-of-the-art road infrastructure and information linkage system are insufficient to build C-ITS. In this paper, considering the continuity of time in various spatial aspects, we proposed a group-type network-based traffic situation recognition system that can recognize traffic flows and unexpected accidents through information linkage between traffic infrastructures. It is expected that the proposed system can primarily respond to accident detection and warning in the field, and can be utilized as more diverse traffic information services through information linkage with other systems.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

This paper identifies the cause of the high frequency calibration limit of the acoustic chamber type calibrator for microphone calibration and presents a method to improve it. By using a commercial finite element analysis software, we analyzed the calibration frequency limit of the acoustic chamber type calibrator through eigen-frequency and frequency domain analysis. Based on this, we designed and fabricated an acoustic chamber type calibrator that can precisely calibrate within 1 dB from about 2 Hz to 6.4 kHz and verified its performance through experiments. The acoustic chamber type calibrator fabricated through this study has the advantage of being able to calibrate multiple microphones simultaneously in a wide frequency range, so it can be usefully used for simple calibration for multiple microphones.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to the effects of the Sling Neurac stabilization exercise(SNSE) on pain, cervical lordosis angle(CLA), and cervical gravity line(CGL) in young adults with a forward head posture. The subjects of the study were selected as SNSEG(n=10) and control group(n=10), they were conducted for 70 minutes three times a week for 8 weeks. Study results showed that pain(p<.001), CGLe(p<.01) were significantly decreased and CLA(p<.001) were also significantly increased in the SNSEG. In conclusion, SNSE is effective in improving the proprioceptive sense of the LM group and activating the muscle. Co-activation with the GM group was found to be effective in improving the CLA and CGL. Therefore, reactivation of the deep neck flexors and suboccipital muscles is an important factor in pain control and postural alignment, and is suggested as an effective intervention method to improve forward head posture.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.493-504
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• 2008

Considerable effort has been made to improve construction processes through mechanization and robotization of current work. In this paper, the trend of research and development related to the construction machinery automation to improve the construction productivity has been reviewed. A classification system is proposed for automation of architectural and civil works. Then, the priority among the classified construction tasks for automation has been identified through the questionnaire study. Based on the priority for automation a comprehensive technology road map was also developed. The technology road map suggests the time frame to complete R&D work for the selected construction tasks and the core technology required for automation of the selected tasks. Such automation R&D road map for construction machinery can be utilized as a milestone in setting up the R&D strategy in the construction industry.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2008

Objective: To evaluate the discrepancies between initial STO and final STO in Class III malocclusions and to find which factors are related to the discrepancies. Methods: Twenty patients were selected for the extraction group and 20 patients for the non-extraction group. They were diagnosed as skeletal Class III and received presurgical orthodontic treatment and mandibular set-back surgery at Pusan National University Hospital. The lateral cephalograms were analyzed for initial STO (T1s) at pretreatment and final STO (T2s) after presurgical orthodontic treatment, and specified the landmarks 3s coordinates of the X and V axes. Results: Differences in hard tissue points (T1s-T2s) in the X coordinates of upper central incisor edge, upper first molar mesial end surface, lower central incisor apex, lower first molar mesial end surface and mesio-buccal cusp and Y coordinates of upper central incisor edge, upper central incisor apex, upper first molar mesio-buccal cusp were statistically significant in the extraction group. Differences in hard tissue points (T1s-T2s) in the X coordinates of upper central incisor edge, lower central incisor apex, lower first molar mesial end surface and Y coordinates of lower central incisor apex were statistically significant in the non-extraction group. In the extraction group, the upper arch length discrepancy (UALD) had a statistically significant effect on maxillary incisor and first molar estimation. Lower arch length discrepancy and IMPA had statistically significant effects on mandibular incisor estimation in both groups. Conclusions: Discrepancies between initial STO and final STO and factors contributing to the accuracy of initial STO must be considered in treatment planning of Class III surgical patients to increase the accuracy of prediction.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.343-349
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• 2013

Data including 1,372,050 milk records pertaining to 438,019 cows from 1983 to 2011 collected during performance tests conducted by the National Livestock Cooperative Dairy Improvement Center were used to calculate milk income and profit of individuals and investigate the effects of production levels of early lactation (parity 1 and 2, respectively). Individuals with a moderate level of early lactation stayed longer in herds. Among parity 1, the 9,000 kg or higher group had a lower mean number of lactations than the overall mean of 3.13. The 7,000 kg or lower and 10,000 kg or higher groups had lower mean life time milking days than the overall mean of 1,076.8 days. Standard deviations of lifetime traits tended to decrease as production levels increased. For parity 2, the 11,000 kg or higher group had a lower mean number of lactation than the overall mean of 3.43. The lifetime milking days was highest in the 12,000 kg group (1,212.0 days), and generally smaller in the lower groups. Profit increased as the production level of groups increased for both parity 1 and 2. In groups with low production levels, profit of parity 1 was higher than that of parity 2, while the reverse was true in groups with high production levels. These results suggest that individuals in the low production groups had a greater likelihood to be culled due to reproductive or other problems. Furthermore, the accuracy of the prediction of lifetime profit of individuals with a milk yield of 305 days seems to be higher for parity 2 than parity 1; therefore, it is desirable to predict lifetime profit using the 305d milk yield of parity 2. In conclusion, breeding goals are based on many factors in functions for the estimation of profit; however, production levels during early lactation (parity 1 and 2) can be used as indicators of profit to extend profitability.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Purpose : We compared the set-up accuracy and right-left Shoulder position variation of the manufactured device and other commercial shoulder-retractors in the head and neck radiation treatment. Materials and Methods : Six patients consist of three groups which were used three different Shoulder retractors. We measured position corrections of left and right Shoulder and the couch after the image guidance by using on board imager (OBI) for six head and neck patients who has the extended target to the neck node lower region. Results : The position variation correction of left (right) Shoulder after image guidance were $1.07{\pm}3.99mm$ ($-4.35{\pm}2.09mm$), $-0.37{\pm}5.91mm$ ($1.26{\pm}5.28mm$), $-0.63{\pm}2.44mm$ ($0.25{\pm}1.61mm$) for group A, B and C. The vertical, lateral, longitudinal position and angular corrections of the couch after image guidance were $-2.06{\pm}2.68$, $-1.11{\pm}8.15$, $0.34{\pm}3.78mm$, and $0.51{\pm}0.77$ degree for group A, $-1.18{\pm}1.82$, $-0.94{\pm}2.13$, $-0.67{\pm}1.98mm$, and $0.91{\pm}1.04$ degree for group B and $0.12{\pm}2.18$, $-0.79{\pm}2.64$, $0.79{\pm}2.64$, and $0.00{\pm}0.49$ degree for group C. Conclusion : In this preliminary study, we found the positioning accuracy of the manufactured Shoulder retractor is comparable to other commercial Shoulder retractors. We expect that the reproducibility and accuracy of the patient set-up could be improved by using the home made Shoulder retractor in the head and neck radiation treatment.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2002

Purpose: To compare the results of open and arthroscopic method in recurrent anterior should erinstability. Materials and Methods: The 68 patients who have been taken the open or arthroscopic Bankartrepair for the period of Jan. 1995 to April. 2000. One group (23 patients) had elected an arthroscopic Bankart repair, the other group (45 patients) had chosen open stabilization. Patients were followed up12 to 63 months (ave. 34 months) after surgery. Results: We found 2 cases of subluxation out of open repair group, and then treated by conservative method. There were another 2 cases of dislocation and 2 cases of subluxation out of arthroscopicrepair group, and we have taken out 1 case of reoperation by open method. Using the functional scales by Rowe, the patients who have taken the open method posted at the average point of 87, while the arthroscopic method posted 85 points. Patients satisfaction points were 84.6 and 72.5 respectively. There were no criteria of statistically significant except stability and motion score. Conclusion: Open Bankart repair would be better in stability, and arthroscopic method in ROM gain. Proper patient selection based on physical examination and arthroscopic inspection to optimize the indications contributed to successful treatment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2004

The pedestrian space on the roads shows virtually different images, depending on the local uniqueness that exists in the roadsides, to the one walking. This sort of characteristics of the region originated from the physical special structures of the roadside building the form of the place. Thus, because of the structural difference of the roadside, Pedestrian sense the difference of regions through other images. Research focused on issues of the local roadside sidewalk spaces as what roadside structure is the type that brings out the unique images of the region, and what facets are pursued additionally here, is needed. A roadside of a prosperous region filled with many Pedestrians is selected as the range for the experiment in order to analyze the structure and image of the pedestrian space. Among the roads of the selected region, the structure of the pedestrian space on the roads with more than four lanes was evaluated. As result of the analysis, the images of 10 pedestrian space could be classified into two groups by the difference in proportions of the Df/H(the width of the sidewalk and the height of the roadside building) and the D/H(the width of the road and the height of the roadside building). In order to observe the images of the pedestrian space classified into two groups, the adjectives used to describe the image of scenery were researched, enabling one to induce the images of the two groups form them. One of the images is the image of prosperities, and the other is the image of pleasantness. In addition, as result to the evaluation focused on the characteristic of the roadside buildings in the selected area, it could be divided into two groups, i.e., the commercial region and the business region. The image of prosperities was sensed on the sidewalks of the commercial region, while the image of pleasantness was seen on that of the business region. This study enabled the acknowledgment that in a pedestrian space on a road structure with more than four lanes, the Pedestrian sense different images, depending on the proportional difference in the width of the sidewalk & the height of the roadside building, and the width of the road & the height of the roadside building. This result is expected to be a good reference when a road structure reflecting the uniqueness of its region is to be designed, and especially when the structure of a pedestrian space is to be created.