• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2013

Parainfluenza virus infection is one of the causes of fatal rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis can be aggravated by mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation disorders during prolonged periods of fasting. Moreover, in patients with late-onset isovaleric acidemia, hyperammonemia may occur following catabolic stress. In the present report, we describe a case of a 4-year-old boy with parainfluenza virus infection and late-onset isovaleric acidemia that rapidly progressed to coma, seizures, and cardiorespiratory collapse. His serum ammonia and creatinine kinase (CK) levels were $385{\mu}Mol/L$ and 23,707 IU/L, respectively. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was initiated using continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, after which the ammonia and CK levels returned to normal. Thus, we recommend the immediate initiation of CRRT in the management of patients with life-threatening rhabdomyolysis and hyperammonemia.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of Onen's alternative grading system (AGS) with that of the APDRP and SFU grading systems in patients with isolated and complicated congenital hydronephrosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 153 patients (204 renal units) diagnosed with congenital hydronephrosis between January 2002 and December 2011. We classified patients into 2 groups; isolated or complicated hydronephrosis. All renal units were graded according to anterior-posterior diameter of renal pelvis (APDRP), Society for Fetus Urology (SFU) and Onen's grading systems. We analyzed the prognosis of hydronephrosis, according to each grading system, at 2 years of age. Results: There were 152 renal units with isolated hydronephrosis and 52 renal units with complicated hydronephrosis. The isolated hydronephrosis group had a lower grade according to Onen's AGS, and showed more frequent spontaneous remission by 2 years of age. There was more frequent obstruction (P =0.000) and surgical treatment (P =0.000) of units with high-grade hydronephrosis according to Onen's AGS. In the complicated hydronephrosis group the frequencies of spontaneous remission (P =0.015) and renal dysfunction (P =0.013) were significantly higher than those in high-grade hydronephrosis, as indicated by Onen's AGS. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among the highest grade groups, according to the 3 systems, in either isolated or complicated hydronephrosis. Conclusion: Onen's AGS reflects the prognosis of hydronephrosis as well as other grading systems in those with isolated hydronephrosis. It was better predictor of renal dysfunction in those with complicated hydronephrosis. However, Onen's AGS was not superior to the other grading systems in terms of predicting prognosis, especially in high-grade hydronephrosis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 1999

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term clinical profile including the underlying etioligy and the prognostic factors of the neonatal cholestasis. Method: We studied the 190 infants presented with neonatal cholestasis for the last 12 years (from 1981 to 1992). The underlying causes, clinical findings and long-term outcomes were evaluated. And the prognostic factors were also analyzed. Result: Underlying disease were neonatal hepatitis in 101 (idiopathic in 77 and infectious in 24), intrahepatic bile duct paucity in 5, biliary atresia in 79, choledochal cyst in 5. Metabolic disease was not observed in this study. The important clinical problems during follow-up were persistent high fever, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. The main causes of the death were hepatic encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding. While three fourth of infants with idiopathic and infectious neonatal hepatitis recovered usually within a year, five-year survival rate for biliary atresia was just 40%, the mortality observed usually within the first year after Kasai operation and prognostic factor was the time of operation. Underlying disease was the most important prognostic factor of neonatal cholestasis. Conclusion: This study showed that most common causes of neonatal cholestasis were biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, infectious neonatal hepatitis, choledochal cyst and Alagille syndrome, but few neonatal cholestasis of genetic or metabolic liver disease was observed. The most important long-term prognostic factor of neonatal cholestasis was the underlying disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2012

Purpose: The incidence of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) due to extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase producing $Escherichia$ $coli$ (ESBL(+) $E.$ $coli$) has increased worldwide. ESBL causes resistance to various types of the newer ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics, including the expanded spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. We aimed to investigate the severity of UTI and associated genitourinary malformations in children with febrile UTI caused by ESBL(+) $E.$ $coli$. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 290 patients diagnosed as febrile UTI caused by $E.$ $coli$ between January 2008 and October 2010 at Korea University Medical center. We classified the patients into two groups with ESBL(+) and ESBL(-) $E.$ $coli$ group according to the sensitivity of urine culture. Fever duration, admission period, white blood cell (WBC) counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) in peripheral blood, the presence of hydronephrosis, cortical defects, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scar were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients with ESBL(+) $E.$ $coli$ were 32, and those with ESBL(-) $E.$ $coli$ were 258. If we excluded those tested with a sterile urine bag, patients with ESBL(+) $E.$ $coli$ were 22, and those with ESBL(-) $E.$ $coli$ were 212. Whether the results of sterile urine bag tests were included or not, there was no significant difference in all parameters between the two groups statistically. Conclusion: Our data shows that ESBL(+) $E.$ $coli$ may not be related to the severity of UTI and associated genitourinary malformations.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

Purpose : The Dipslide culture test is a rapid method for diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic availability of a urine Dipslide test for evaluation of UTI in febrile children. Methods : Urine specimens from 151 febrile infants were inoculated by a routine blood agar urine culture method and the Dipslide test at the same time. Following incubation for 16-24 hours, the results of the Dipslide test were read at the next visit. Both results of Dipslide and those of routine culture were compared. Results : The mean age of subjects was 15${\pm}$10.6 months. There were 150 infants (99.3%) who had fever with a mean duration of 2.6${\pm}$2.6 days. Thirty two infants (21.2%) were diagnosed as having UTI. Sensitivity and specificity of Uricult Trio CLED medium were 59.4% and 84.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of Uricult Trio E. coli medium were 60.0% and 96.2%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between results of Uricult Trio CLED medium and urine culture was 0.438 (P=0.01). Correlation between results of Uricult Trio E. coli medium and urine culture was 0.617 (P=0.01). Conclusion : The Dipslide test requires only 16-24 hours with high specificity in terms of UTI caused by E. coli without the problems associated with specimen delay. This test seems to be helpful for exclusion of UTI in febrile infants and it may reduce unnecessary hospitalization and antibiotic use. However, further studies are required before the product can be recommended as a routine diagnostic tool.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.18-29
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial characteristics and factors in the occurrence of COVID-19 from January 20 to August 30 of 2020. The exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometrics model are used. The spatial unit of analysis is 255 si-gun-gu in Korea. As a result of the analysis, COVID-19 infection did not appear to be a significant factors(host and environment) influencing the emergence of existing new infectious diseases, but there was a relationship between spatially adjacent areas and their occurrence. It also showed a close relationship with the outbreak pattern of group 4 infectious diseases, another type of new infectious disease in Korea. The result of this study shows that COVID-19 is not a new pattern of emerging infectious diseases. It means that the properties of the space where new infectious diseases appear must be continuously managed in order to effectively control new infectious diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.240-240
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• 1996

Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 의한 mouse 복강내감염증에 대하여 DA-1131은 IPM/CS와 MEPM/CS에 비하여 현저히 우수한 치료효과를 나타내었다. 백혈구감소 mouse에서의 P. aeruginosa에 의한 복강내감염증에 대하여도 DA-1131은 IPM/CS와 MEPM 및 MEPM/CS보다 동등 이상의 우수한 치료효과를 나타내었다. K. pneumoniae를 감염균으로 한 mouse 호흡기감염 후 생존율 평가 시험에서 DA-1131 투여 mouse는 IPM/CS 및 MEPM/CS에 비하여 현저히 우수한 생존율을 나타내었고, 동시에 MEPM/CS와 유사한 폐내 생균수의 감소 pattern이 확인되었으며, IPM/CS에 비하여 균의 재증식을 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. P. mirabilis에 의한 mouse 요로감염증에서는 DA-1131 투여군의 신장내 생균수감소는 MEPM/CS와 동등한 수준인 것으로 나타났으나 IPM/CS에 비하여는 매우 우수하였다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 1998

Purpose: To determine the various prenatal factors related to the prenatal hydronephrosis diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography. We also attempted to correlate the prenatal and neonatal renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter with the outcome in infancy Methods: Between 1985 and 1997. We retrospectively reviewed 105 renal unit (75 patient) with fetal hydronphrosis persisting postnatally. Investigation consisted of renal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, diurectic renogram, and DMSA scan. Results: The 75 patient assesed had the following underlying cause: UPJ(Ureteropelvic juction) obstruction(52%). multicystic dysplastic kidney(10%). UVJ (Ureterovesicai juction) obstruction (10%) and no underlying cause (25%). Of theses cases 36 cases (40 renal unit) underwent operation, while 28 cases (50 renal unit) resoled spontaneously. 12% of mild hydornephrosis deteriorated. whereas 50% of modrate hydrophrosis and 81% of severe hydronephrosis required surgical correction. Attempting to find the renal unit that were at risk for deterioration. our study showed that urinary tract infection group and calyceal blunting group had a predictive role. Conclusion: It is necessary to follow up after birth dilatation of caylx or urinary tract infection are present. Early operation is considered when prenatal pelvic AP diameter greater is than 22 mm and postnatal diameter greater than 17 mm. This may make it possible to prevent further progression of renal damage and prompt treatment of asymptomatic hydronephrosis before complications occur.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.446-455
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• 2022

This study investigated work experience of firefighters and risk factors for their depression during COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data of 53,557 firefighters who participated in the online mental health status survey. Data included experiences of COVID-19 infection, experience of COVID-19 response work, fear of social stigma, and anxiety and depression symptoms. Results showed that 45.76% of participants had experience of COVID-19 response work. Emergency job group had the highest percentage of COVID-19 related work and the greater intensity of the work and fear of social stigma than those of other job groups. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that co-workers' infection, COVID-19 related work intensity and fear of social stigma were significantly associated to the severity of depression. The findings in this study demonstrated COVID-19 related work experience can link to the development of depression in firefighters. Effort to reduce COVID-19 related work intensity and fear of social stigma could help prevent depression among firefighters.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2003

We experienced a 4-month-old boy presenting with fever and painful scrotal swelling. Diagnostic work-up showed the presence of urinary tract infection and concurrent acute epididymitis. On the voiding cystourethrography, vesicoureteral reflux and urinary reflux through the ejaculatory duct and the seminal vesicle were detected without obvious urethral obstruction. In general, urinary reflux into the seminal vesicle can take place with obstructive lesions of the urethra and may cause epididymitis in infants. We report a case of urinary reflux without urethral obstruction with a brief review of related literatures.